We reviewed the 43 medical records of patients with cellulitis or erysipelas who had been admitted at the depar1ment of dermatology of Seoul National University Hospital and followed them up for mean 21.6 months. The results were as follows. 1. The sex ratio of patients with cellulitis was 1:1.4 and the average age was 49 years. 2. The lower extremity as the most frequently invloved site of cellulitis with the frequency of 58.1% (25 cases), with the head and neck being involved in 16 cases(37.2%) and trunk and upper extremity in 1 case each(2.3% ). 3. The portals of infecticin were suspected in 33 cases(76% ), where tinea pedis was detect,ed in 18 cases(41.9%), previous skin infeection 10 cases(23.3%) and trauma in 9 cases(20.9%). 4. Initial systemic symptoms were fever(76.7%), chill(65.1%) and headache(37.2%). Erythema(100%), local heating(90,7%), tenderness(88.4%), swelling(86.0%), ulcer(16.3%), bulla(14.0%), lymphangitis(9.2%) and lymphadenit,is(9.2%) were found in the skin lesions. 5. The laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis in 35.7%, elevaed ESR in 86.8% positive 6. ASO titer in 63.0% and positive CRP in 80%, Microorganism. were detected in only 1 of 15 blood cultures, in 2 of 4 bulla fluid cultures and in 7 of 9 bus cultures. There was no growth of causative microorganisms in 3 tissue cultures and 9 saline needle aspiration cultures. Penicillin was used as primary antibiotics in 19 cases, which changed to another antibiotics due to lack of improvement in 3 cases and cefazolin was used in 21 cases, which changed in 2 cases due to the same reason. 7. Average admission priod was 11 days(range from 3 to 20 days) and 30.2% of patients wit.h cellulitis experienced recurrence, but 48% on low extrernity in contrast with 6.7% on head and neck.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefazolin ; Cellulitis* ; Dermatology ; Erysipelas ; Head ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lower Extremity ; Medical Records ; Neck ; Needles ; Penicillins ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Skin ; Tinea Pedis ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis*

We report a case of neuroblastoma with multiple skin metastases as a chief complaint in a 2-month-old girl. the skin lesions were rnultiple, pea-sized, bluish, nontender, moable subcutaneous nodules on abdomen, back and scalp. Histopathology showed small round or poly gonal tumor cells which have deeply stained, basophilic, hyperchromatic nuclei with some mitoses. Th.se tumor cells showed clumping tendency which is one of early menifestations of rosette formation. Immunohistochemically positive reaction was demonstrated by anti-NSE(neuron specific enolase) antilody but negative reaction by anti-NFP (neurofilament proteiin ) antibody. She has been succesfully treated with combined chemotherapy for 10 months without relapse.
Abdomen ; Basophils ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Recurrence ; Rosette Formation ; Scalp ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality amont the adult population. Cigarette smoking(CS) is undoubtedly the single most important factor in the pathogenesis of COPD. However, its mechanism is unclear. The current hyopthesis regarding the pathogenesis of COPD postulates that an imbalance between proteases and antiproteases leads to the destructive changes in the lung parenchyma. This study had two aims. First, to evaluate the effect of CS exposure on histologic changes of the lung parenchyme, and second, to evaluate the effect of CS exposure on the expression of the gelatinolytic enzymes in BAL fluid cells in guinea pigs. METHODS: Two groups of five guinea pigs were exposed to the whole smoke of 20 commerical cigarettes per day, 5 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively, using a smoking apparatus. Five agematched guinea pigs exposed to room air were used as controls. Five or more sections were microscopically examined(×400) and the number of cellular infiltration of the alveolar wall was measured in order to evaluate the effect of CS exposure on the histologic changes of lung parenchyme. The statistical significance was analyzed by a linear regression method. To evaluate the expression of the gelatinolytic enzymes in intraalveolar cells, BAL fluid was obtained and the intraalveolar cells were separated by centrifugation (500 g for 10 min at 4℃). Two sets of culture plates were loaded with 1×106 intraalveolar cells. One plate, contained 0.1mM EDTA, a inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases(MMPs), and the other plate had no EDTA. Both plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37℃. After incubation, gelatinolytic protease expression in the supernatants was analyzed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: At the end of CS exposure, the level of blood carboxy Hb had increased significantly(4.1g/dl in control group, 24g/dl immediately after CS exposure, 18g/dl 30 min after CS exposure). Alveolar inflammatory cells were identified in the CS exposed guinea pigs. The number of alveolar cellular cells observed in a microscopic field (400×) was 121.4±7.2, 158.0±20.2, 196.8±32.8, in the control, the 6 weeks, and the 12 weeks group, respectively. The increased extent of inflammatory cellular infiltration of the lung parenchema showed a statistically significant linear relationship with the duration of CS exposure(p=0.001, r2=0.675). Several types of gelatinolytic enzymes in the intraalveolar cells of CS exposed guinea pigs were expressed, of which some were inhibited by EDTA. However, the gelatinolytic enzymes were not expressed in the control groups. CONCLUSION: CS exposure increases inflammatory cellular infiltration of the alveolar wall and the expression of gelatinolytic preoteases in guinea pigs. EDTA inhibits some of the gelatinolytic proteases. These findings suggest a possibility that CS exposure may increase MMP expression in the lungs of gunea pigs.
Adult ; Animals ; Centrifugation ; Edetic Acid ; Gelatin ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Peptide Hydrolases* ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Swine ; Tobacco Products

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A is being widely used for the treatment of facial wrinkles affected by facial expression muscles. Due to the sudden and exponential surge in popularity of its use for facial wrinkles, there are scanty reports of facial wrinkles treated with botulinum toxin type A especially in Asians. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the clinical features of facial wrinkles affected by facial expression muscles and the effects of botulinum toxin A on the treatment of wrinkles. METHODS: Medical records of 61 patients with facial wrinkles treated with botulinum toxin type A were reviewed. Demographic profiles of the patients, the age of onset of facial wrinkle, the distributions of facial wrinkles, treatment dose of botulinum toxin type A, side effects, and follow up data were analyzed. RESULTS: Female patients were predominant(93.4%) than male patients(6.6%). The mean age of the patients was 41.3 years. Crow's feet were the most frequently treated site of facial wrinkles. Average number of treated sites were 2.38. Side effect profiles were similar as previous reports in Cauca sians. The number of patients who took the regular retreatment was less than expected. CONCLUSION: The clinical profiles of wrinkle patients in Koreans treated with botulinum toxin A were assessed. We think it is one of the effective treatment modalities for antiwrinkling.
Age of Onset ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Facial Expression* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Muscles* ; Retreatment

The possibility of a central origin should be considered for late-onset concomitant esotropia. Concomitant esotropia has been reported to occur with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, and 3, but not with other degenerative cerebellar ataxia disorders. We report on a 28-year-old woman with ataxia in whom a detailed ophthalmologic examination revealed concomitant esotropia. She was subsequently diagnosed with dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). We suggest that the presence of concomitant esotropia could be used to differentiate DRPLA from other hereditary ataxias.
Adult ; Ataxia ; Atrophy ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Esotropia ; Female ; Humans ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations

Several reports have described the usefulness of tumor markers detected in pancreatic juice for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We performed this study to evaluate the usefulness of tumor markers in pure pancreatic juice collected by duodenoscopic cannulation of pancreatic duct before and after injection of secretin. From April 1993 to July 1995, 8 cases of pancreatic cancer, 5 cases of benign pancreatic lesions, and 5 cases of benign biliary diseases without pancreatic lesion were involved. CEA and CA 19-9 immunoreactivity were measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of CA 19-9 in pure pancreatic juice were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic cancer(median value; 3582, range 88.4-10410 IU/ml) than in control patients(median value 231, range 30.4-682 IU/ml)(p<0.05). Concentrations of CEA in pure pancreatic juice were not significantly different between patients with pancreatic cancer(median value: 6,5, range 1.0-152ng/ml) and control patients(median value: 4.0, range 1-17.2 ng/ml)(p>0.05). There was no significant correlation between levels of CA19-9, CEA in pancreatic juice and those levels in serum. The amounts of juice collected by duodenoscopic cannulation in patients with pancreatic cancer were 1.5+/- 0.9ml during 5 minutes before infusion of secretin, 11.3+/- 3.9ml, 10.8+/- 4.0ml, 10.6+/- 4.0ml in 5 minute interval after infusion of secretin. These results indicated that measurement of CA19-9 in pure pancreatic juice may be used as a marker for pancreatic cancer. Adequate amount of pancreatic juice was collected by duodenoscopic cannulation for evaluation of tumor marker, enzyme studies and cytology.
Catheterization ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Juice* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Radioimmunoassay ; Secretin ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Objective: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have found that Internet usage and gaming times have increased among adolescents. Parents’ Internet literacy and attitudes toward Internet gaming have been reported to affect children’s Internet gaming disorder (IGD). We hypothesized that parents’ attitudes toward Internet use and gaming would affect the prevalence of IGD among adolescents. Methods: A total of 199 mothers of children who played Internet games were surveyed online to gather information regarding their demographic characteristics, children’s Internet use patterns, psychological factors, and Internet gaming literacy. Results: Among adolescents, increased Internet usage or gaming time was not associated with IGD, but the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was. Among parents, anxiety, depression, and family togetherness were not related to IGD, but a positive perception of gaming protected against the development of IGD, whereas a negative perception was a risk factor for IGD. Conclusion Increased gaming time neither causes nor correlates with IGD in adolescents, even though ADHD may be a risk factor for IGD. Parents’ positive or negative perceptions of gaming can be protective or present a risk factor, respectively, for their children’s development of IGD.

Objective: This study aims to empirically determine if indirect exposure to client violence has significant negative effects on social workers’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) the same way direct victimization does. Methods: Using a sample of 1,359 social workers drawn from the data collected by the Seoul Association of Social Workers, this study employs descriptive statistics to examine the prevalence of indirect experiences with client violence, and utilizes a series of hierarchical regression analyses to demonstrate the potential impact of indirect exposure to client violence on PTSD. To assess the severity of PTSD symptoms in participants, the Korean version of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) was employed. Results: A descriptive analysis shows that 12.4% of the sample indirectly experienced client violence by witnessing it or hearing about a violent incident, whereas 6.0% were directly victimized. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that direct experience (B=4.548, p<0.05) and indirect experience (B=7.297, p<0.001) of client violence have a significant association with the scores on IES-R-K. An investigation of the interaction terms between experiences of client violence and violence-prevention training illustrates that such training significantly moderates the influence on the scores on IES-R-K from indirect exposure to client violence (B=-8.639, p<0.01). Conclusion Social workers who are indirectly exposed to client violence experience PTSD symptoms comparable to their colleagues who were directly victimized. Further, violence-prevention training has greater ameliorative effects with regard to indirect experience of client violence than for direct victimization.

Background: Music is regarded as a beneficial tool for assessing the clinical symptoms and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism. The present study developed a music-based attention test (MAT) for individuals with autism using music parameters and the algorithm of the comprehensive attention test (CAT). Methods: We recruited 51 autistic individuals and 50 neurotypical individuals to participate in the CAT, MAT, and social intelligence tests. The reliability and validity of the MAT were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and criterion-related validity. Results: The MAT had sound internal consistency (high Cronbach’s α = 0.948). In addition, the MAT had suitable concurrent validity in the correlation between CAT and MAT, as well as good criterion validity when attention was measured using the MAT and was compared between autistic individuals and neurotypical individuals. Attention evaluated using the MAT was associated with the social quotient in individuals with autism. Conclusions The MAT could be a relevant tool for gauging attention in individuals with ASD.Furthermore, attention determined using the MAT may be correlated with social quotient in autistic individuals. Future studies should consider that using music in the field of attention could improve the social quotient of individuals with autism.