PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effect of nursing organizational culture on empowerment as perceived by new clinical nurses. METHODS: For the objective a sample of 175 new nurses from secondary/tertiary hospitals having not less than 250 beds located in B city was selected to complete a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous multiple regression with the SPSS 14.0 software program. RESULTS: As for nursing organizational culture as perceived by the respondent, relation-oriented culture had the highest average score (3.60+/-.63) out of a possible 5 points followed by hierarch-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture and task-oriented culture with 3.45+/-.30, 3.19+/-.53 and 3.05+/-.46, respectively. The respondents' level of perceived empowerment was 3.06+/-.41. The factors influencing empowerment according to nursing organizational culture were innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in that order. These 2 variables were statistically significant predictors and explained 48.6% of the variance in empowerment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that emphasis should be given to nursing organizational culture strengthened by innovationoriented and relation-oriented culture, rather than task-oriented and hierarch-oriented culture, in order to foster harmonious empowerment among nurses at all levels.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Organizational Culture ; Power (Psychology)

This is a case report of a cystic hygroma with polycystic kidney in a fetus which was suspected by ultrasonography and was confirmed by autopsy. Recently, we have experienced this case in 25-year old woman repeatedly and we report that with a brief review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Ultrasonography

No Abstract available.
Ankle* ; Sarcoidosis* ; Tenosynovitis*

No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

The purpose of this study is to investigate diet quality and changes in nutrient and food intake with increase in age. Subjects were 69 patients(28 males, 41 females) living in Jeon-ju city, over middle-aged, and they were the same patients studied 4-7 years ago in a previous study. Dietary survey with one day 24-hour recall method was used. Energy, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B2 intakes were lower than the RDA and vitamin C was in excessive status in pre-test and post-test. In food groups examrned, the consumption of potatoes, beans, vegetables, seaweeds, beverages, seasonings, oils, fish & shells and milks was increased amount than 4-7 years before but the consumption of cereals(p<0.01), sugars, seeds, fruits, processed food, meats and eggs was decreased. Diet quality was assessed by %RDA, nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR), mean adequacy ratio(MAR), dietary diversity score(DDS), meal balance and food group pattern. In %RDA, those proportion of appropriate intake in post-test in were higher than those in pre-test. For most nutrient except vitamin A, the levels of NAR in post-test were higher than in pretest. The MAR, an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77 for pre-test and 0.83 for post-test(p<0.05). When we counted the major food groups consumed(KDDS), 62.3% of subjects had a KDDS of 3 in pre-test and 42.0% of subjects had a KDDS of 4 in post-test. Based on these results, in terms of variety and balance, total diet quality was improved with advancing of age
Aged* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Beverages ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Diet ; Eating ; Eggs ; Fabaceae ; Fish Oils ; Fruit ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Ovum ; Riboflavin ; Seasons ; Solanum tuberosum ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

The objective of this study was to estimate changes on the flood and nutrient intake patterns of men over thirty years old in Jeon-Ju area. The first survey was conducted from December in 1991 to January in 1992, tile second one from January to February in 1994 and the third one from July to August in 1997. The nutrition survey using 24-hour recall method was executed to 303 subjects : 89, 82, 132 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Results of the study are as follows : Kimchi, rice, garlic and onions were the most frequently eaten food items. Total daily intakes of foods were 85 : 15, 81 : 19 and 81 : 19 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. The average numbers of foods per person were 15.7, 20.1 and 21.9 daily in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively and tends to increase significantly(p<0.05). The minimum numbers of foods per person were 4, 7 and 9 and the maximum numbers of foods per person were 27, 35 and 39 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) is determined by how many among the five food groups (cereals, vegetables, meats, milks, oils groups)were consumed per day. Most subjects earned the KDDS "3" ; 61, 46 and 42% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Average daily energy intakes wee 1,62 kcal(72% of RDA), 2,063 kcal(89% of RDA) and 1,818 kcal (79% of RDA) in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Energy intake rates of cereals : total energy intake were 65, 59, and 60% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively, which were decreasing. Protein intakes were 58g(72% of RDA), 79g(107% of RDA) and 71g(97% of RDA), respectively and animal protein comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively and animal protein comprised 38, 46, and 48% ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively, of which animal fat comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased, too. Malnourished (under 75% of RDA) rates were respectively 64, 34, and 47% in terms of energy ; 64, 31 and 33% in protein ; 67, 51, and 61% in calcium ; 53, 26, and 18% in iron ; 85, 74 and 84% in Vitamin A. Super-nourished(above 125% of RDA) rates were respectively 1, 13, and 3% in energy ; 1, 29, and 21% in protein ; 5, 18, and 7% in calcium ; 16, 31, and 7% in iron ; 16, 31, and 7% in Vitamin A, 42, 76, and 62% in Vitamin C. The percentages of calories from protein : fat : carbohydrate were 14 : 12 : 74, 15 : 16 : 69 and 16 : 17 : 67 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(number of five food groups per day), Meal Balance(number of five food groups per meal), DVS(average numbers of foods per person), amount of foods correlated positively with all the nutrient intakes(p<0.05). KDDS was positively correlated with energy, protein, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin(p<0.05)
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Edible Grain ; Energy Intake ; Garlic ; Humans ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oils ; Onions ; Riboflavin ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

PURPOSE: The effect of surfactant treatment on inflammatory cell populations has not been determined. I evaluated the effect of surfactant treatment on a number and distribution of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) from the preterm infants who were dependent on mechanical ventilation over the 1st week of life. METHODS: This study included 8 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) who received surfactant(Exosurf, 67.5mg/kg Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine(DPPC) with a volume of 5 ml/kg, single dose)on their first day of life and 7 preterm infants of similar severity who did not. BALFs were collected on days 2, 3, 5, and 7 after birth. Cell counts were performed from the obtained BALFs, then they were applied to cytospin and Wright stain, and the differentials were calculated on 200 cells. RESULTS: Surfactant treatment had no significant effect on the number of BALF white cells on days 2-7. Polymorphonuclear cell numbers were not different in both groups on days 2 7. Macrophage cell numbers were higher overall in surfactant treated babies compared to those in untreated babies on days 2-7(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Surfactant treatment appeared to accelerate the appearance of macrophages in BALF.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Macrophages ; Parturition ; Respiration, Artificial

No abstract available.
Bandages* ; Gentian Violet* ; Gentiana* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: There have been many accidental ingestions of strong acid or alkali in early childhood. If the patient survives the acute effects of caustic ingestion, the reparative response can result in esophageal and gastric stenosis. However there have been few endoscopic studies on caustic esophagitis in children. The aim of this study was to review the contribution of the endoscopy to the diagnosis and management of eosphageal stricture and to search for the guidline of the proper management. METHODS: We carried out the retrospective study on 15 children who admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital after accidental ingestion of caustic agents from the March 1990 to July 1995. They all underwent flexible gastrofiberoscopy to predict the complication of the caustic esophagitis. RESULTS: The early gastrofiberoscopy showed that the 2nd degree esophageal injury was most common and the majority of patients had diffuse, not localized esophagitis. The incidence of the late occurance of the esophageal stenosis was higher in patients who showed more severe degree of the esophageal mucosal damage on the early endoscopic examination. After the detection of esophageal stenosis on follow up esophagographic examination, 7 children were initially managed with balloon dilatation : Only 2 of them were successfully treated and 5 of them showed poor response to dilatation and finally treated with surgical correction. One child was successfully treated with surgical correction without trial of esophageal balloon dilatation. One child with mild esophageal stenosis improved clinically with supportive care only including antibiotics, steroid therapy, hyperalimentation etc. CONCLUSIONS: The early gastrofiberoscopic examination immediately after the accident is essential for predicting the late occurance of the esophageal stenosis. Esophageal stenosis could be successfully treated with esophageal balloon dilatation and/or surgical correction with caustic esophagitis in childtren.
Alkalies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Eating ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Stenosis ; Esophagitis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Epidemiology studies suggest that oral bisphosphonate may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between exposure of oral bisphosphonate and risk of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Using the nationwide medical claim database in South Korea, 2,167,955 subjects, who initiated osteoporosis treatment (oral bisphosphonate, intravenous bisphosphonate or raloxifene) or performed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between 2008 and 2012, were analyzed. Diagnosis of esophageal cancer was estimated from medical claim database. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was estimated by comparing with incidence in the general population. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to investigate age-adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of esophageal cancer. RESULTS: The present study included oral bisphosphonate group (N=1,435,846), comparator group 1 (intravenous bisphosphonate or raloxifene, N=78,363) and comparator group 2 (DXA, N=653,746). Mean age was 65.6+/-8.8 years and mean observation duration was 30.9+/-17.7 months. During 5,503,688 patient-years, 205 esophageal cancer incidences were observed. The annual incidence of esophageal cancer was 3.88, 4.21, and 3.30 for oral bisphosphonate group, comparator group 1 and comparator group 2, respectively. SIR of esophageal cancer was 1.24, 1.38, and 1.40 for oral bisphosphonate group, comparator group 1 and comparator group 2, respectively. Esophageal cancer risk of oral bisphosphonate group was not significantly different from comparator group 1 and comparator group 2 (aHR 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-1.98 and aHR 0.94; 95% CI 0.68-1.30, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral bisphosphonate was not associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer in real clinical practice using large scale nationwide database.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Osteoporosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride