BACKGROUND: Although experimental and clinical evidences suggest that endothelin-1(ET-1) may play a pathophysiological role in ischemic heart disease, it is still controversial whether ET-1 produced during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion affects the extent of necrotic myocardium. This study was performed to investigate the role of ET-1 and the effect of ET antagonists in infarct size determination. METHODS: Male Wistar rats(260-400g) were anesthetized with pentobarbital(i.p. 50mg/kg) and ventilation was assisted via tracheostomy tube. The heart was exposed by midline incision and the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated with 6-0 silk suture. The ligature was released after 1 hour and reperfusion was performed for 2 hours. In the first set of experiment, FRI139317(ET-A antagonist) was given as bolus i.v.(3mg/kg) 10 minutes before reperfusion, followed by continuous infusion(total 24mg/kg) throughout reperfusion. In the other protocol, bosentan(ET-A/ET-B antagonist ; 10mg/kg) was given 10 minutes before coronary occlusion as i.v. bolus. At the end of reperfusion, the heart was excised and stained with Evans blue dye(1% w/v) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC;1%) to distinguish infarct region(not stained by TTC and Evans blue), ischemic but viable myocardium(stained brick-red by TTC but not stained by Evans blue) and nonischemic myocardium(dyed by Evans blue). These three regions of myocardium were separated and weighed for analysis. Infarct size(in percent) was expressed as the ratio of infarct region to ischemic myocardium(i.e. infarct region plus ischemic but viable myocardium). RESULTS: In the first protocol, infarct region was 57.0 +/-3.8% of the ischemic myocardium in control(n=9) and 58.9+/-4.9% in FR139317 group(n=7) ; The difference was not significant statistically. Likewise, ET-A/ET-B antagonist bosentan given before coronary occlusion did not reduce infarct size significantly ; the ratio was 74.2+/-3.2% in control(n=7) and 69.5+/-2.0% in bosentan group(n=7). CONCLUSIONS: ET-A antagonist FR139317, given throughout reperfusion, did not reduce myocardial infarct size in rat. Bosentan(ET-A/ET-B antagonist) given just before coronary occlusion as i.v. bolus also did not reduce myocardial infarct size in rat.
Animals ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelins* ; Evans Blue ; Heart ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Rats* ; Reperfusion* ; Silk ; Sutures ; Tracheostomy ; Ventilation

Cricopharyngeal incoordination of infancy is a rare disease, characterized by difficult swallowing soon after birth. regurgitation, frequent choking and aspiration with deglutition, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, and to-and-fro movement of the contrast medium in the posterior pharynx on upper esophageal cineroentgenography. Clinical investigation was performed in the infants who were admitted due to difficult swallowing, regurgitation, and recurrent pneumonia from March 1, 1989 to June 30, 1992. The results were as follows: 1) Male to female sex ratio was great, and major symptoms such as difficult swallowing, regurgitation, choking and aspiration with deglutition, and those of pneumonia developed soon after birth in most cases. 2) The typical findings of this disease were noted on the cineroentgenography of upper esophagus in all cases and those of aspiration pneumonia in 10 cases. 3) The infants had been fed via gavage tube until they were able to swallow without difficulties before and after 6 months after birth. 4) Cricopharyngeal incoordination is a rare disease, but we suggest this disease should be considered in differential diagnosis in the infants with difficult swallowing soon after birth and recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.
Airway Obstruction ; Ataxia* ; Deglutition ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Rare Diseases ; Sex Ratio

By an application of Sigma-Frankel methods, two transaminase systems, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, were found to operate at a mesurable rate in 2 species of nematodes(Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaridia galli), 5 species of trematodes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistomum cervi and Paragonimus westermani) and 5 kinds of cestodes (Diphyllobothrium mansoni, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus pisiformis). A comparison was made of the transamination reactions in nematodes and those of trematodes and cestodes. And the significance of transaminase in these parasites is discussed in relation to protein synthesis and its utilization.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; transaminase ; biochemistry ; spectrophotometry ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Paragonimus westermani ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; Dipylidium caninum ; Taenia pisiformis ; Cysticercus cellulosae ; Cysticercus pisiformis

No abstract available in English.
Hypogonadism ; Mosaicism ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

The developing process of the hair of the fetal skin was studied. The ages of 103 human embryos and fetuses ranged from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. Ten different sites were selected, i.e., scalp, forehead, cheek, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. For the embryos 3 sites were studied, i.e., cephalic, trunk, and caudal portions. Following results were made: 1) The primitive hair germ was first noted the 10th week in the face skin as nubbins of mesenchymal cells beneath discrete foci of crowdes, elongated germinative epithelial cells. The developing hair germs and hair pegs were observes at the cephalic portion by 11 weeks. At 15 weeks the hair pegs including hair germs were noted in the trunk skin. The bulbous hair peg stage started at the 16th week in the cephalic portion and at the 18th week in the trunk. 2) Relative number of fetal hairs progressively increase up to 20 weeks of gestation but, thereafter decreased although it was different by the site of the body. 3) The diameter of fetal hair follicles increased with fetal age to the term with slight difference by the portion of body. 4) The developmental process of hair was more rapid in the cephalic portion than the trunk in views of morphologic changes of the hair structures, number and diameter of hair follicles.
Humans

Mathematical models such as the negative binomial, Poisson and Polya-Eggenberger distributions were applied to the observed data of the number of metacercariae of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis in crab hosts, Sesarma dehaani which were collected in Hadong, South Kyong-sang Do, Korea. From the above analysis, it was found that the pattern of density of metacercariae of this lungfluke among the crab hosts was well fitted to the negative binomial distribution, rather than to the Poisson or Polya-Eggenberger distribution.
parasitology-helminth-trematode ; Paragonimus iloktsuenensis ; epidemiology ; mathematics ; metacercaria ; crab ; Sesarma dehaani

Chronic intestional pseudoobstruction syndrome is a rare clinical condition in which impaired intestinal peristalsis. Causes recurrent symptoms of bowel obstruction in the absence of a mechanical occlusion. This syndrome may involve variable segments of small or large bowel. And may be associated with urinary bladder retention. This study included 6 children(3 boys and 3 girls) of chronic intestinal obstruction. Four were symptomatic at birth and two were of the ages of one month and one year. All had abdominal distention and defication difficulty. Five had urinary bladder distention. Despite parenteral nutrition and surgical intervention(ileostomy or colostomy), bowel obstruction persisted and four patients expired from sepsis within one year. All had gaseous distention of small and large bowel on abdominal films. In small bowel series. Consistent findings were variable degree of dilatation. Decreased peristalsis(prolonged transit time) and microcolon or microrectum. This disease entity must be differentiated from congenital megacolon, ileal atresia and megacystis syndrome.
Dilatation ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Parturition ; Peristalsis ; Sepsis ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Humans

To observe developing process of human fetal skin during intrauterine life, morphological studies in light microscopic level were made based on 27 human embryos and 76 fetuses ranging from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. The fetuses were the products of induced abortion and were found to have no associated diseases of congenital anomalies at the autopsy. Ten different portions of the body were sampled and examined. They were scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. In embryos two different portions; cephalic and caudal portions were examined: The following results were obtained: 1) A single layer of undifferentiated cell was the primitive epidermis at the 4th week and it was followed by two layered epidermis consisting of periderm and primitive basal cell layer. Epidermal ridges started to develop along with primitive eccrine and hair germs as clustering of basal cells at the llth week. Stratum inter-medium was formed at the 12th week, and primitive granular cell layers and keratin formation in association with hair follicles at the 19th week forming earliest adult type epidermis, followed by progressive maturation. 2) The thickness of the fetal epidermis and keratin layer increased as the fetal age approached to the term with its slightly different developmental pattern by the site of body. Cephalic protions developed slightly earlier than the other parts. 3) The developmental pattern of various portions of epidermis could be categorized into three groups; (1) scalp, forehead and face; (2) chest, abdomen and back; (3) palm, sole, finger and toe.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Gliosarcoma*