BACKGROUND: Although experimental and clinical evidences suggest that endothelin-1(ET-1) may play a pathophysiological role in ischemic heart disease, it is still controversial whether ET-1 produced during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion affects the extent of necrotic myocardium. This study was performed to investigate the role of ET-1 and the effect of ET antagonists in infarct size determination. METHODS: Male Wistar rats(260-400g) were anesthetized with pentobarbital(i.p. 50mg/kg) and ventilation was assisted via tracheostomy tube. The heart was exposed by midline incision and the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated with 6-0 silk suture. The ligature was released after 1 hour and reperfusion was performed for 2 hours. In the first set of experiment, FRI139317(ET-A antagonist) was given as bolus i.v.(3mg/kg) 10 minutes before reperfusion, followed by continuous infusion(total 24mg/kg) throughout reperfusion. In the other protocol, bosentan(ET-A/ET-B antagonist ; 10mg/kg) was given 10 minutes before coronary occlusion as i.v. bolus. At the end of reperfusion, the heart was excised and stained with Evans blue dye(1% w/v) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC;1%) to distinguish infarct region(not stained by TTC and Evans blue), ischemic but viable myocardium(stained brick-red by TTC but not stained by Evans blue) and nonischemic myocardium(dyed by Evans blue). These three regions of myocardium were separated and weighed for analysis. Infarct size(in percent) was expressed as the ratio of infarct region to ischemic myocardium(i.e. infarct region plus ischemic but viable myocardium). RESULTS: In the first protocol, infarct region was 57.0 +/-3.8% of the ischemic myocardium in control(n=9) and 58.9+/-4.9% in FR139317 group(n=7) ; The difference was not significant statistically. Likewise, ET-A/ET-B antagonist bosentan given before coronary occlusion did not reduce infarct size significantly ; the ratio was 74.2+/-3.2% in control(n=7) and 69.5+/-2.0% in bosentan group(n=7). CONCLUSIONS: ET-A antagonist FR139317, given throughout reperfusion, did not reduce myocardial infarct size in rat. Bosentan(ET-A/ET-B antagonist) given just before coronary occlusion as i.v. bolus also did not reduce myocardial infarct size in rat.
Animals ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelins* ; Evans Blue ; Heart ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Rats* ; Reperfusion* ; Silk ; Sutures ; Tracheostomy ; Ventilation

By an application of Sigma-Frankel methods, two transaminase systems, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, were found to operate at a mesurable rate in 2 species of nematodes(Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaridia galli), 5 species of trematodes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistomum cervi and Paragonimus westermani) and 5 kinds of cestodes (Diphyllobothrium mansoni, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus pisiformis). A comparison was made of the transamination reactions in nematodes and those of trematodes and cestodes. And the significance of transaminase in these parasites is discussed in relation to protein synthesis and its utilization.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; transaminase ; biochemistry ; spectrophotometry ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Paragonimus westermani ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; Dipylidium caninum ; Taenia pisiformis ; Cysticercus cellulosae ; Cysticercus pisiformis

Cricopharyngeal incoordination of infancy is a rare disease, characterized by difficult swallowing soon after birth. regurgitation, frequent choking and aspiration with deglutition, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, and to-and-fro movement of the contrast medium in the posterior pharynx on upper esophageal cineroentgenography. Clinical investigation was performed in the infants who were admitted due to difficult swallowing, regurgitation, and recurrent pneumonia from March 1, 1989 to June 30, 1992. The results were as follows: 1) Male to female sex ratio was great, and major symptoms such as difficult swallowing, regurgitation, choking and aspiration with deglutition, and those of pneumonia developed soon after birth in most cases. 2) The typical findings of this disease were noted on the cineroentgenography of upper esophagus in all cases and those of aspiration pneumonia in 10 cases. 3) The infants had been fed via gavage tube until they were able to swallow without difficulties before and after 6 months after birth. 4) Cricopharyngeal incoordination is a rare disease, but we suggest this disease should be considered in differential diagnosis in the infants with difficult swallowing soon after birth and recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.
Airway Obstruction ; Ataxia* ; Deglutition ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Rare Diseases ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available in English.
Hypogonadism ; Mosaicism ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

The developing process of the hair of the fetal skin was studied. The ages of 103 human embryos and fetuses ranged from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. Ten different sites were selected, i.e., scalp, forehead, cheek, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. For the embryos 3 sites were studied, i.e., cephalic, trunk, and caudal portions. Following results were made: 1) The primitive hair germ was first noted the 10th week in the face skin as nubbins of mesenchymal cells beneath discrete foci of crowdes, elongated germinative epithelial cells. The developing hair germs and hair pegs were observes at the cephalic portion by 11 weeks. At 15 weeks the hair pegs including hair germs were noted in the trunk skin. The bulbous hair peg stage started at the 16th week in the cephalic portion and at the 18th week in the trunk. 2) Relative number of fetal hairs progressively increase up to 20 weeks of gestation but, thereafter decreased although it was different by the site of the body. 3) The diameter of fetal hair follicles increased with fetal age to the term with slight difference by the portion of body. 4) The developmental process of hair was more rapid in the cephalic portion than the trunk in views of morphologic changes of the hair structures, number and diameter of hair follicles.
Humans

The authors developed a computer program for use in report printing as well as data storage and retrieval system at the surgical pathology and its efficacy was evaluated at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. This program used IBM PC XT and was written in DBASE III plus language. The main features of the program included an automatic coding and decoding of the diagnosis, automatic searching of the previous biopsy during gross dictation, powerful word processing function and flexibility of the program. The data storage was carried out during the typewriting of the report, so that the typist's workload became markedly reduced. Two kinds of data files wer stored in the hard disk ; the temporary file contained full informations and the permanent file contained the core data only. Searching of a specific case was performed by pathology accession number, chart number, patient's name or by SNOMED code within a second. All the cases were arranged by copied to the diskette during the daily service automatically, with which data were easily restored in case of hard disk failure. The advantages of this program using a persosnal computer were discussed with comparison to those of larger computer system. Based on the experience of 8 months usage in Seoul National University, we assume that this program gives a sufficient solution to the surgical pathology service of many institutes where a large computer system with well designed software is not available yet.
Biopsy

Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function, Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as no essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process, But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. funcitionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcrotical denentiy is affected y the disturbance of retrieval in subcortial dementia.
Aging ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Verbal Learning

Decubitus ulcer is often seen in the skin and underlying tissue of debilitated or immobilized patients as the result of prolonged pressure and impaired circulation. It manifests chiefly as an ulcer over bony prominences, but tumefaction is an extremely unusual presentation. A 53-year old male, a paralytic of the lower extremity for 18 years, developed a recurrent decubital ulcer despite repeated surgical repair, from which a rapidly growing, large fungating mass grew within a month. The last resected mass was bosselated and measured 15x9x3 cm with a major area of cicatrix-like induration, interdigitated with skeletal muscle bundles at the central area. Microscopically, the mass was composed of an upper half of active granulation tissue layer and a deeper half of dense, poorly cellular, fibrocollagenous bundles admixed with florid proliferation of atypical fibroblasts, but the absence of mitosis and the multifocal admixture of active inflammatory process-granulation tissue formation seemed to help exclude genuine fibromatosis, nodular fasciitis or proliferative myositis. We assume that this rapidly growing pseudofibromatosis is an additional manifestation of a prolonged decubitus ulcer, possibly related to the modified reparative process of decubitus ulcer following repeated excisions, for which we propose a term of decubitoma.

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Single Parent*

Mathematical models such as the negative binomial, Poisson and Polya-Eggenberger distributions were applied to the observed data of the number of metacercariae of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis in crab hosts, Sesarma dehaani which were collected in Hadong, South Kyong-sang Do, Korea. From the above analysis, it was found that the pattern of density of metacercariae of this lungfluke among the crab hosts was well fitted to the negative binomial distribution, rather than to the Poisson or Polya-Eggenberger distribution.
parasitology-helminth-trematode ; Paragonimus iloktsuenensis ; epidemiology ; mathematics ; metacercaria ; crab ; Sesarma dehaani