INTRODUCTION: Although it is well known that medical students are not getting an adequate amount of sleep, there have been only few studies on the sleep patterns of medical students in Korea. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the life style and sleep patterns of Korean medical students and the impact they have on the students' academic performance. METHODS: A questionnaire package was administered to the 3rd year medical students at the Seoul National University to examine their sleep patterns on weekdays and weekends. It consisted of questions asking about their lifestyles as well as Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and GPA (Grade Point Average) that are considered relevant to their sleep patterns. A total of 110 students (85 males and 25 females, mean age 24.4+/-20.6) responded to the survey and the result was analyzed using the independent t-test, the chi-square test, the paired t-test, Pearson's rank correlation and ANOVA. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in all analyses. RESULTS: The weekend bedtime was significantly delayed (01:24 on weekday; 03:12 on weekend; t=-5.23, p<0.01), the weekend rise time was delayed (07:36 on weekday; 10:30 on weekend; t=-24.48, p<0.01) and the total sleep time was increased on weekends (5:57 on weekday; 8:17 on weekend; t=15.94, p<0.01). They wished to sleep for 7 hours 6 minutes which was different from their actual weekday total sleep time (t=-11.41, p<0.01). The poor sleeper group had lower GPAs than the good sleeper group (t=2.05, p<0.05). The GPA of medical students were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.23, p<0.05), daily amount of smoking (r=-0.78, p<0.01), total amount of smoking (r=-0.75, p<0.01), weekday sleep latency (r=-0.23, p<0.05), weekend sleep latency (r=-0.23, p<0.05) and PSQI score (r=-0.30, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Medical students were experiencing a lack of sleep during weekdays as they have a later bedtime and earlier rise time, and consequently had more hours of sleep on weekends. Overall, the responded students were experiencing poor sleep quality, and the GPAs of the poor sleeper group were lower than those of the good sleeper group.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the major nosocomial pathogens in Korea. However, there have been few studies on the epidemiology of VRE colonization among neonates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of VRE colonization, risk factors for VRE, and how to control the spread of VRE infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 192 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of PNUH from March 2006 to March 2007. Surveillance cultures from rectal swabs for detecting VRE were obtained weekly during the study period. We analyzed the prevalence of VRE and various risk factors. RESULTS: The rate of VRE colonization among NICU patients was 25% (48/192). Thirty five of these VRE colonized patients were transferred to the NICU from other local hospitals. Compared with the non-VRE group, the risk factors associated with VRE colonization were lower birth weight, congenital heart disease, applied mechanical ventilation, use of a central venous catheter, chest tubing, a history of surgery, and use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: VRE colonization among patients admitted to the NICU is rapidly increasing. Monitoring and managing premature neonates from the beginning of the birth process, avoiding many invasive procedures, avoiding antibiotics such as vancomycin and third generation cephalosporin are important for preventing the emergence and spread of VRE colonization in the NICU.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Central Venous Catheters ; Colon ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thorax ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

One author's affiliation is misspelled in original article.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether a modified fluoroscopic technique for positioning a hook plate affected the clinical results of treating Neer type II distal clavicle fractures and Rockwood type V acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations with this device. METHODS: The study was a retrospective consecutive case series with data analysis. Sixty-four patients with a Neer type II distal clavicle fracture or a Rockwood type V AC joint injury treated between March 2009 and June 2013 were divided into 2 groups: traditional fluoroscopic technique (traditional view, 31 patients) or modified fluoroscopic technique ('hook' view, 33 patients). A visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the modified University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scale score, and radiographic osteolysis were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: The traditional group included a significantly larger number of patients with acromial osteolysis than the hook view group: 23 patients (74.2%) vs. 11 patients (33.3%), respectively (p=0.01). Before plate removal, the hook group reported less pain and higher UCLA shoulder scale scores than the traditional group: average VAS score, 1.55 vs. 2.26, respectively; average UCLA score, 30.88 vs. 27.06, respectively. However, there was no significant difference after plate removal. CONCLUSIONS: The hook view allows more accurate bending of the hook plate around the contour of the acromion, resulting in decreased osteolysis, decreased pain, and better function with the plate in situ.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Acromion ; Clavicle* ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Joints ; Osteolysis ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Spondylolysis*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

We present a case of coronary artery fistula originating from the proximal left anterior descending artery draining into the main pulmonary artery,which was associated with atrial septal defect.The patient was a 56 year old male who was admitted for exertional dyspnea and abdominal distension.Echocardiogram and selective coronary arteriogram revealed a atrial septal defect and fistulous connection.The patient underwent surgery under the cardiopulmonary bypass with fibrillating heart.The pericardial patch closure of atrial septal defect and internal obliteration of the fistula termination site in the main pulmonary artery were performed.Postoperative hospital courses were uneventful without any specific complication and the patient was discharged without problem.
Arteries ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dyspnea ; Fistula* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery

BACKGROUND: Experimental data indicate that low-flow reperfusion following prolonged cardiocirculatory arrest may aggravate early cerebral microcirculatory repefusion disorders. We investigated the influence of cerebral repefusion flow change to the ischemic histopathologic damage of brain tissue after incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were undergone ligation of both infernal carotid artery by microvascular clamp for 10 minutes. After release of the clamp, reperfusion was started with several different flow levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) of infernal carotid artery comparing to pre-clamping phase using flowmeter. After 15minutes of reperfusion, rat brains were prepared by perfusion-fixation with 3% formaldehyde. Under light microscopic examination of Hematoxylin-Eosin stained tissue slide, histopathologic damage was examined at cortex, putamen, and hippocampus regions. Categorical hisotopathologic damage scores were derived in each regions by manual counts of ischemic neurons. RESULT: The histopathologic damage scores were 0, 10. 2+/-0.5, 7.6+/-1.5, 5.9+/-1.4, 5.0+/- 2.8, 3.5+/-0.7, and 1.0+/-0.0 in control, 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% reperfusion groups, respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our insults showed significant increment of brain histopathologic damage scores along with decreasing amount of cerebral reperfusion know after incomplete forebrain ischemia. We believe restoration of repefusion flow to pre-ischemic level would be a critical component in attenuation of brain ischemic damage.
Animals ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Flowmeters ; Formaldehyde ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia* ; Ligation ; Models, Animal* ; Neurons ; Prosencephalon* ; Putamen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion*

The nutcracker phenomenon consists in the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteic artery and the aorta, and this syndrome is an infrequent cause of left-sided hematuria. We present a case of the nutcracker syndrome with intermittent gross hematuria to increase the awareness of this possible cause of hematuria.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Hematuria ; Renal Veins

Congenital ocular motor apraxia is a rare syndrome characterized by rotational head thrusts that attempt to compensate for the lack of voluntary eye movements. We describe the clinical, oculographic and magnetic resonance imaging features of two children with congenital ocular motor apraxia.
Apraxias ; Child ; Cogan Syndrome ; Eye Movements ; Head ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging