These days, the frequency of electrical injuries is increasing with the increased spread of electricity use. Electrical injuries cause various complications, ranging from a local superficial skin injury to extensive internal organ damage, including essential vital organs, such as the cardiovascular or central nervous system. We encountered the patient who collapsed after an electrical injury on the scene and was resuscitated successfully after the prehospital early recognition of ventricular fibrillation, and rapid defibrillation, followed by post cardiac arrest care in the hospital. Prehospital early electrocardiogram monitoring and defibrillation may be needed in electrical injured patients.
Central Nervous System ; Electric Injuries ; Electricity ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Skin ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Bone Density*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

The study aimed to determine the optimal mixing ratio of two different amounts of Letinus edodes powder and egg for preparation of pasta. The complete analysis was conducted using the Design Expert 7 program (State-Easy, Minneapolis, MN). Response surface methodology revealed 10 experimental points, including two replicates for L. edodes powder and egg. L. edodes pasta formulation was optimized using rheology. Lightness and redness displayed a lineal model pattern, whereas yellowness was represented by a quadratic model. The sensory evaluation parameters of texture, color, flavor, appearance and overall quality showed significant differences for color (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.05), texture (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.05). All sensory parameters showed significant values in a quadratic model. The optimum formulations processed by numerical and graphical optimization were determined as 15 g of L. edodes powder and 37.5 g of egg.
Light ; Ovum ; Rheology

No abstract available.
Diarrhea* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: For Neer type IIB fracture of distal clavicle with coracoclavicular ligament injury, various surgical treatments have been used in literatures. However, there was no consensus on the optimal treatment. The aim of this study is to report the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal clavicle fracture and suture augmentation of disrupted coracoclavicular ligament. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 23 patients with Neer type IIB distal clavicle fracture in Seoul Medical Center, Eulji Hospital, and National Medical Center. Firstly, suture anchors are inserted in the base of coracoid process and preliminary reduction was achieved by tie-off of three suture limbs around the clavicle. Then, the final fixation was completed with anatomical locking plate. Bony union and the distance between coracoclavicular ligaments were evaluated. Clinical results and complications including stiffness and secondary procedures were evaluated. RESULTS: Bony union was achieved in all cases except one (22 of 23). At mean 14.9 months, no significant difference in the mean coracoclavicular distance was observed compared to uninjured shoulder (8.2 +/- 7.9 mm versus 7.3 +/- 3.4 mm, p=0.14). Pain visual analogue scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were 0.5, 83.4, 78.5, and 6.2, respectively. Revision surgery was performed in one case of nonunion. Four patients who complained of skin irritation underwent implant removal. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of an unstable distal clavicle fracture with coracoclavicular ligament disruption, satisfactory clinical results were obtained by locking plate fixation and coracoclavicular ligament suture augmentation concurrently.
Arm ; Clavicle* ; Consensus ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Prospective Studies ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures ; Skin ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures*

Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Only four species of Plasmodium can infect human, which are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. We experienced four cases of the imported falciparum malaria in children who were admitted due to fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargic state, and/or altered mentality after traveling Kenya and Tanzania without chemoprophylaxis. Two of them were diagnosed as the cerebral malaria. Their peripheral blood smear films show multiple ring forms of P. falciparum, gametocytes in the erythrocytes, and malarial pigments in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. They are treated by quinine without complication. Recently, as the international travelers tended to be increasing, the incidence of the imported malaria was increasing in Korea. Therefore we should be established the strategies for the prevention and the treatment of the imported malaria.
Abdominal Pain ; Anopheles ; Chemoprevention ; Child* ; Culicidae ; Cytoplasm ; Diarrhea ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kenya ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Neutrophils ; Plasmodium ; Quinine ; Tanzania ; Vomiting

Objective: This study examined the characteristics of elderly suicide attempts visiting emergency medical centers (EMC) from 2016 to 2020 in Korea and compared before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on elderly suicide. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on the National Emergency Department Information System data for patients aged 60 years or older who attempted suicide and attended regional and local EMCs from 2016 to 2020. Results: Among 27,057 suicide attempts, patients in their 60s were the most common. The difference in suicide attempts by season was statistically significant from 2016 to 2020. The length of stay (LOS) in the emergency room (ER) was the longest in 2020, at 4 hours and 9 minutes. The number of suicide attempts and suicide patients after the COVID-19 pandemic was highest in July, with 546 and 89 cases, respectively. A comparison of suicide patients before and after the pandemic showed that the proportion of males decreased from 73.9% before to 66.4% after the pandemic. Seasonal differences were observed in the following order: fall (33.1%), summer (31.4%), spring (26.6%), and winter (8.9%) after the pandemic. Asphyxia/hanging (42.4%) comprised the highest proportion of the mechanisms followed by ingestion (42.3%) without statistical significance. The LOS in the ER increased from 71 minutes before to 91 minutes after the pandemic. Conclusion Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of female suicide patients increased and there was a seasonal difference after the pandemic. The LOS in the ER increased after the pandemic, but no other notable differences were observed.

Objective: This study examined the characteristics of elderly suicide attempts visiting emergency medical centers (EMC) from 2016 to 2020 in Korea and compared before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on elderly suicide. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on the National Emergency Department Information System data for patients aged 60 years or older who attempted suicide and attended regional and local EMCs from 2016 to 2020. Results: Among 27,057 suicide attempts, patients in their 60s were the most common. The difference in suicide attempts by season was statistically significant from 2016 to 2020. The length of stay (LOS) in the emergency room (ER) was the longest in 2020, at 4 hours and 9 minutes. The number of suicide attempts and suicide patients after the COVID-19 pandemic was highest in July, with 546 and 89 cases, respectively. A comparison of suicide patients before and after the pandemic showed that the proportion of males decreased from 73.9% before to 66.4% after the pandemic. Seasonal differences were observed in the following order: fall (33.1%), summer (31.4%), spring (26.6%), and winter (8.9%) after the pandemic. Asphyxia/hanging (42.4%) comprised the highest proportion of the mechanisms followed by ingestion (42.3%) without statistical significance. The LOS in the ER increased from 71 minutes before to 91 minutes after the pandemic. Conclusion Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of female suicide patients increased and there was a seasonal difference after the pandemic. The LOS in the ER increased after the pandemic, but no other notable differences were observed.