NGOs play an important role in global health governance, and have become the key partners of World Health Organization ( WHO) , European and American governments. The goal of the sustainable development of the United Nations also proposes to strengthen NGOs as global health governance partners. Taking WHO, the Unit-ed States and Britain as case examples, this study reviewed the NGOs positioning and cooperation in their global health strategies. The results found that these entities explicitly define the roles of NGOs and strengthen cooperation in their global health strategies to expand their influence in the field of global health. Results also found that WHO, US and UK have given NGOs a clear positioning, that is, they have strengthened the mutual cooperation ( partner-ships) in the same way of expanding their influence in the field of global health for China’s global health strategy de-velopment referred to those NGOs. Therefore, China should incorporate NGOs into the global health strategy, estab-lish NGOs management and cooperation mechanism and define their roles and make it an important complement to global health. China should also strictly select international NGOs to cooperate with and strive to nurture and support Chinese NGOs to participate in global health programs set by the Government, formulate the cooperation list and neg-ative list for NGOs, and at the same time strengthen the supervision and audit to avoid possible risks of NGOs.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of detecting the level of D-dimer and fibrino-gen degradation products(FDP)in the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism(APE).Methods The plasma D-dimer and FDP levels in patients with APE were determined by the method of turbidimetric inhibition im-muno assay in 126 patients with respiratory medicine of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.According to the severity of APE patients,they were classified into high-risk group,middle risk group and Low-risk Group. According to the 6-month clinical outcome after treatment,the patients were divided into survival group and death group,and evaluate the predictive value of D-dimer and FDP levels in assessing the prognosis of patients with APE.Results With the increase in the severity of APE,the levels of D-dimer and FDP were significantly increased(P<0.05).The levels of D-dimer and FDP were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survivor group(P<0.05).The D-dimer and FDP level were positively correlated(r=0.437,P=0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that D-dimer>0.98 mg/L and FDP>10.02 mg/L had a higher prognostic value for APE Patients.Conclusion D-dimer and FDP levels are associated with the risk stratification and long-term prognosis of APE patients.Meanwhile,the combination of D-dimer and FDP can improve the accuracy of the disease severity and prognosis of APE patients,which deserves extensive attention in the new situation of clin-ical personalized medical care.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lobaplatin (LBP) plus S-1 for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and determine the potential role of circulating tumor cells (CTC) for predicting the therapeutic response and prognosis. Methods: From January 2014 to February 2015, 64 consecutive patients with AGC received lobaplatin plus S-1 chemotherapy in Liaocheng People′s Hospital. The clinical features, clinical response, adverse effects, prognosis and CTC pre- and post-treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between CTC and patients′ disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: All 64 patients completed 2 cycles of chemotherapy.The number of patients who achieved complete regression, partial regression, stable and progression were 0, 24 (37.5%), 18 (28.1%) and 22 (34.4%), respectively. ORR was 37.5% and DCR was 65.6%. The median PFS was 10.8 months(95%CI 7.1-12.0) and the median OS was 16.1 months(95%CI 12.4-18.8). The ORR and PFS were not significantly different between patients with baseline CTC≥2 and CTC<2 (25.0% vs 53.6%, P=0.150; 6.2 months vs 7.5 months, P=0.780), while the DCR and OS were significantly different (45.9% vs 90.0%, P=0.008; 10.5 months vs 17.2 months, P<0.001). After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the ORR and DCR in patients with CTC≥2 were 16.7% and 45.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those observed in patients with CTC<2 (50.0% and 90.0%, respectively). The former also had shorter median PFS and OS (6.6 months vs 8.9 months, 8.4 months vs 15.0 months, respectively). Patients with persistently CTC<2 or those exhibiting an conversion to CTC<2 following chemotherapy had an improved PFS and OS, while patients with persistently CTC≥2 or those exhibiting an conversion to CTC≥2 following therapy had shorter PFS and OS.The most frequent adverse effects were grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal discomfort and myelosuppression. No patients discontinued chemotherapy because of adverse events. Conclusions Lobaplatin plus S-1 had manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in patients with AGC. CTC could be used as a biomarker in evaluating therapeutic response and predicting their prognosis.

The paper reports the treatment of a maintenance hemodialysis patient with pseudoaneurysm (PSA) caused by accidental injury of brachial artery during the puncture of internal fistula. The main treatment methods of PSA include surgical incision and repair, local pressure therapy, ultrasound-guided intraluminal thrombin injection, implantation of covered stent, coil embolization and so on, but they all have some defects. The patient was admitted to hospital due to poor fistula function, and the formation of brachial artery PSA was confirmed by color ultrasound. PSA was successfully treated with ultrasound-guided and balloon-assisted injection of human fibrin sealant. The fistula had good function 3 months after the operation.

Objective To verify the feasibility and safety of stomach tumor marker localization based on magnetic tracer technique in dogs.Methods Six male Beagle dogs were examined by gastroscopy.Then tracer magnets were sent to the "tumor" locations assumed in advance and fixed near the "tumors" by endoscopic soft tissue clamp.Laparoscopic gastric tumor localization was performed under general anesthesia 24 hours later.The tracer magnet was placed near the tumor on the surface of the stomach through the operating hole after the conventional establishment of laparoscope puncture parallel mirror to explore the tracer magnet.After the two magnets were attracted,the location of the tracer magnet seen under the laparoscope was the location of the gastric tumor,so as to complete the labeling and positioning of the lesion.Results All the 6 Beagle dogs were successfully implanted with tracer magnets under gastroscopy.Twenty-four hours after the gastroscopy,the pursuit magnet was successfully implanted during laparoscopic surgery.The two magnets automatically attracted each other and formed a sandwich structure of "tracer magnet-gastric wall-pursuit magnet ",which completed the location and identification of gastric tumor under the laparoscopy.Conclusion Gastroscopy combined with laparoscopy based on magnetic tracer technique is simple,accurate,safe and feasible.

Objective:To design magnets to locate colorectal neoplasms based on magnetic tracer technology, and to test its feasibility and safety by animal experiments.Methods:The magnets used for endoscopic localization of colorectal tumors consist of a tracer magnet and a pursuit magnet, both of which are ring-shaped Nd-Fe-B magnets. Eight healthy Beagle dogs were used as animal models. Tumor locations were assumed in the different parts of the colon and rectum under colonoscopy. The tracer magnet was sent to the hypothetical tumors by endoscopic soft tissue clamp and fixed near the tumors. After 24 hours, laparoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The pursuit magnet was inserted near the resected colon or rectum through the main operating hole. The tracer magnet was absorbed to the pursuit magnet to identify the location of tumors.Results:The tracer magnet and pursuit magnet were successfully designed and processed. The suction force between the tracer magnet and the pursuit magnet at zero distance was 16 N. All the 8 Beagle dogs successfully received indwelling of magnets under colonoscopy, and no magnets fell off after 24 hours. After the placement of pursuit magnet under laparoscopy, the two magnets attracted each other rapidly and accurately, and successfully completed localization of tumor site without any damage during the operation.Conclusion:Colonoscopy combined with laparoscopy for colorectal neoplasms localization based on magnetic tracer technique is simple, accurate, safe and feasible.

Objective:To study the feasibility of establishing gastrointestinal anastomosis by magnetic compression technique in rabbits.Methods:Ten healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected as models for gastrointestinal anastomosis by magnetic compression technique. Daughter and parent magnets suitable for gastrointestinal anastomosis in rabbits were designed and manufactured. A daughter magnet was inserted into the stomach through the purse fistula in the lack of blood vessel area of gastric body, and was pushed into the duodenum along the intestinal tract. And then a parent magnet was inserted through the stomach fistula. The daughter and parent magnets were automatically attracted and pressed the gastric and intestinal walls after they were adjusted in the proper position. The stomach fistula was closed with purse string suture. After ischemia, necrosis, detachment of the tissues between magnets, gastrointestinal anastomosis was established, and the magnets and necrotic tissues were expelled together from the body through the digestive tract. Survival of experimental animals was observed. Anastomotic specimens were obtained one month after operation. The blasting pressure of anastomotic stoma was measured, and the healing of anastomotic stoma was observed with naked eyes.Results:According to the pre-designed operative route, 10 New Zealand rabbits all successfully completed the operation and survived one month after surgery. No complications occurred during perioperative period. The operation time was 35.80±4.71 min (range 28.00-43.00 min), and the magnet discharge time was 11.40±1.56 days (range 9.00-14.00 days). Anastomotic specimens were obtained one month after the operation. Gross observation showed that the anastomotic stoma of gastrointestinal bypass anastomosis healed well, and the surrounding tissues adhered slightly. The anastomotic bursting pressure was 103.00±7.95 mmHg (range 94.00-113.00 mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).Conclusion:The establishment of gastrointestinal anastomosis by magnetic compression technique in rabbits is simple and effective.

Objective: To investigate the resuscitation effect of aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) on the traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) in swine. Methods: Twenty-seven male domestic swine weighing (32.7±3.8)kg were utilized. After 40% of estimated blood volume was removed within 20 minutes, the animals were subjected to 5 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation and then 5 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Additionally, fluid resuscitation was initiated coincident with the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The animals were randomly divided into model group (n=12) and ABO group (n=15). Once cardiopulmonary resuscitation was implemented, aortic balloon was concurrently inflated to stop the blood flow of descending thoracic aorta at the level of the diaphragm in the ABO group. In the model group, aortic balloon was placed in the same position without inflation. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the changes of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), forehead's regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂) and pressure of end-tidal CO₂ (PETCO₂) were continuously monitored, and the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, number of shocks and dose of epinephrine were recorded. At 5 minutes after successful resuscitation, the levels of arterial blood gas, lactate and jugular venous blood oxygen saturation (SjvO₂) were measured. Results: Compared with the model group, the values of CPP, rSO₂ and PETCO₂ during cardiopulmonary resuscitation were significantly increased in the ABO group [CPP: (33.5±5.6)mmHg vs. (23.1±5.2)mmHg at 1 minute, (35.3±6.0)mmHg vs. (26.8±7.4)mmHg at 2 minutes, (36.3±6.3)mmHg vs. (28.2±6.3)mmHg at 3 minutes, (40.1±7.1)mmHg vs. (30.5±6.2)mmHg at 4 minutes, (38.1±7.5)mmHg vs. (29.8±5.3)mmHg at 5 minutes; rSO₂: (45.4±5.2)% vs. (39.2±5.1)% at 1 minute, (47.2±3.6)% vs. (42.0±6.4)% at 2 minutes, (47.7±3.0)% vs. (41.5±5.4)% at 3 minutes, (47.0±2.5)% vs. (42.1±5.9)% at 4 minutes, (47.1±2.0)% vs. (41.5±7.4)% at 5 minutes; PETCO₂: (17.0±3.5)mmHg vs. (12.7±4.2)mmHg at 1 minute, (18.5±3.7)mmHg vs. (14.5±2.7)mmHg at 2 minutes, (20.7±5.3)mmHg vs. (15.5±3.2)mmHg at 3 minutes, (18.7±4.5)mmHg vs. (14.9±3.5)mmHg at 4 minutes, (18.2±3.2)mmHg vs. (14.5±4.2)mmHg at 5 minutes] (all P<0.05). The rate of ROSC was significantly higher in the ABO group than in the model group[100%(15/15) vs. 75%(9/12)] (P<0.05). Additionally, shorter duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, less number of shocks and lower doses of epinephrine were observed in the ABO group when compared with the model group[duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 5(5, 5)minutes vs. 5(5, 12.5)minutes, number of shocks: 1(1, 1)times vs. 1(1, 4)times, dose of epinephrine: 0.62(0.62, 0.74)mg vs. 0.64(0.59, 2.59)mg] (all P<0.05). At 5 minutes after resuscitation, the level of arterial lactate was significantly decreased and the value of SjvO₂ was significantly increased in the ABO group compared with the model group[Lactate: (9.6±0.8)mmol/L vs. (10.8±1.4)mmol/L; SjvO₂: (50.0±8.6)% vs. (37.9±16.3)%] (both P<0.05). Conclusions In a swine model of TCA, ABO can increase cardiac and cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and improve the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It might provide a novel and effective method for the resuscitation of TCA in the clinical setting.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of miR-593 in regulating the proliferation of colon cancer cells and the molecular mechanism. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis identified PLK1 as the possible target gene of miR-593. Luciferase assay was employed to verify the binding between miR-593 and PLK1, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify that PLK1 was the direct target gene of miR-593. CCK-8 assay was performed to test the hypothesis that miR-593 inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells by targeting PLK1. RESULTS: Luciferase assay identified the specific site of miR-593 binding with PLK1. Western blotting showed a significantly decreased expression of PLK1 in the colon cancer cells transfected with miR-593 mimics and an increased PLK1 expression in the cells transfected with the miR-593 inhibitor as compared with the control cells ( < 0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed no significant differences in the expression levels of PLK1 among the cells with different treatments ( > 0.05). The cell proliferation assay showed opposite effects of miR-593 and PLK1 on the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and the effect of co-transfection with miR-593 mimic and a PLK1-overexpressing plasmid on the cell proliferation was between those in PLK1 over-expressing group and miR-593 mimic group. CONCLUSIONS miR-593 inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by down-regulating PLK1 and plays the role as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer.
Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sincalide ; metabolism ; Transfection