Objective To investigate the effects of cognitive impairment in hippocampus on glucose and lipid metabolism, and its relations with gastrointestinal motility. Methods The Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of rats. Levels of glucose and lipid were detected. The changes of gastrointestinal motility were detected by the type-B ultrasonic and the ink-pushing experiments. Hippocampal neurons apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. Results In the experimental group, FPG, TG, TC, LDL were (7.92 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (2.24 ± 0.12) mmol/L, (4.67 ± 0.12) mmol/L, (2.41 ± 0.12) mmol/L, respectively, with significant differences among these three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group and the control group, the number of bowel movements per unit time (2.13 ± 0.83) times, gastric emptying rate (44.35 ± 7.53) % and the small intestinal propulsion rate (57.60 ± 7.82)%in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The experimental hippocampal neuronal apoptosis index was an average of (64.98 ± 3.70)%, which was significantly higher than that in the sham group and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hippocampal cognitive impairment can elevate the blood lipid level, which may be associated with the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the gastrointestinal motility disorders.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical outcomes of the posterior C1,2 screw-rod combined with C2 unilateral translaminar screw and contralateral pedicle screw fixation and autogenous bicortical iliac crest graft fusion in treating upper cervical instability with vertebral artery variations.

METHODSFrom June 2008 to December 2012, the clinical data of 12 patients with upper cervical instability underwent C1 lateral mass screws-C2 unilateral laminar and contralateral pedicle screws fixation combined with autogenous bicortical iliac crest graft fusion were analyzed retrospectively. There were 8 males and 4 females with a mean age of 47.5 years (ranged, 16 to 77 years). Patients suffered from occipitocervical activity limitation of motion with pain or not, VAS was 0-7 points with an average of (3.50 +/- 2.71) points. Unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia was demonstrated by vertebral arteriography (VAG) or CTA in all patients. Cervical X-ray and CT scans were done within 7 days after surgery in order to confirm internal fixation position. Internal fixation loosening and breakage, reduction losing, bone fusion ratio were observed during follow-up.

RESULTSNo nerves and vertebral artery injuries occurred during operation. Cervical pain obviously decreased and VAS was (0.92 +/- 0.90) points. Cervical alignment of 12 patients had well-recovered by X-ray while Atlantoaxial ventral lamina cortex of 1 case was encroached by CT scan without neurological symptom. All patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years, no internal fixation loosening and breakage, reduction losing were found. All patients obtained bone fusion in 6-12 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONPosterior C1 lateral mass screws-C2 unilateral laminar and contralateral pedicle screws fixation combined with autogenous bicortical iliac crest graft fusion can achieve biomechanical stability and raise the successful rate of bone fusion, while avoiding the risk of vertebral artery injury and overcoming the insufficient of bone fusion during bilateral laminar screws placement as well. Posterior C1 lateral mass screws fixation is a safe and effective additional method in treating upper cervical instability with vertebral artery variations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vertebral Artery ; pathology

The stability of pharmaceutical preparations prepared Chinese medicine liposomes by liposome novel technology combined with traditional Chinese herbs is the main contents of quality study, not only affects preparations molding, but also relates to the efficiency and safety of traditional Chinese medicine. From the view of main influencing factors of stability about the Chinese medicine liposomes and combining with literatures published in home and abroad in recent years, the article analyzes, arranges and sums up measures of improving the stability of Chinese medicine liposomes, to provide reference for the study on the preparation of Chinese medicine liposomes.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BACKGROUNDBacterial infection can pose a substantial diagnostic dilemma. (99m)Tc-labeled ciprofloxacin (CPF) was developed as a biologically active radiopharmaceutical to diagnose infection. In the present research, we studied the biodistribution and imaging properties of infection tracer (99m)Tc-CPF in a mouse model of infection.

METHODSCPF was labeled with (99m)Tc and the radiochemical purity and labeling rate were measured. A mouse model of infection was established. We then determined the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-CPF and conducted the whole body scintigraphy of the animal model.

RESULTS(99m)Tc-Ciprotech was stable for at least 6 hours at room temperature. The labeling rate of CPF by (99m)Tc was over 90%. Clearance of radioactivity mainly occurred in the liver and kidney, and the clearance from blood was rapid. Both biodistribution and imaging results showed higher uptake of (99m)Tc-CPF at sites of infection. The infectious tissue/normal tissue ratio peak was 4.30 at 4 hours after injection.

CONCLUSIONS(99m)Tc-CPF is a sensitive radiopharmaceutical for scintigraphy of infectious lesions and it is easy to prepare.

Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; Ciprofloxacin ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Isotope Labeling ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of entecavir (ETV) versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in the treatment of previously untreated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with a high viral load. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 152 HBeAg-positive CHB patients with a high viral load (HBV DNA≥10⁶ IU/ml) who were firstly treated with ETV (ETV group) or TDF (TDF group), with 76 patients in each group. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA, HBeAg, anti-HBe, creatinine, and creatine kinase were measured at baseline, and the patients were followed up and evaluated at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 of treatment. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze cumulative complete virologic response, HBeAg seroconversion, and ALT normalization rate. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for virologic response. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences in ALT normalization rate between the ETV group and the TDF group at weeks 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 of treatment (18.1%/55.6%/83.3%/90.3%/93.1%/97.2% vs 16.0%/53.6%/75.4%/94.2%/100%/100%, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in virologic response rate between the ETV group and the TDF group at weeks 48 and 96 of treatment (89.5%/97.3% vs 93.4%/98.7%, P > 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the baseline parameters were not predictive factors for virologic response. At week 48 of treatment, the TDF group had a significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate than the ETV group (14.5% vs 3.9%, P = 0.048); at week 96 of treatment, there was no significant difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate between the two groups (15.8% vs 7.9%, P = 0.132). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in cumulative ALT normalization rate, cumulative HBV DNA undetectable rate, and cumulative seroconversion rate. Only one patient in the ETV group experienced virologic breakthrough from weeks 60 to 72 of treatment, and there were no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion TDF and ETV had similar clinical effects, HBeAg seroconversion rate, and safety in previously untreated HBeAg-positive CHB patients with a high viral load.

Objective To survey the resistance profile of clinical isolates to antibiotics across the hospitals in Dongguan,Guangdong Province during 2015.Methods Kirby-Bauer method or automated system was used to test the susceptibility of clinical isolates to selected antimicrobial agents.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.The susceptibility data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 29 665 strains of microorganisms were isolated,of which gram positive cocci accounted for 32.1％ (9 509/29 665) and gram negative bacilli accounted for 67.9％ (20 156/29 665),respectively.The prevalence of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus was 23.3％ (705/3 024) in S.aureus and 43.6％ (1 054/2 419) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal strain was found.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 36.4％ (2 554/7 020) in E.coli and 24.5％(792/3 227) in Klebsiella isolates.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 0.2％ (30/13 077).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was 16.0％ (500/3 116) and 53.9％ (827/1 533),respectively.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae (PRSP) strains was 10.1％ (142/1 404).Beta-lactamase was produced in 30.6％ (276/902) of the H.influenzae strains.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains was 0.7％ (10/1 441).Conclusions Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is valuable for rational antimicrobial therapy,formulation of treatment guidelines and infection control and prevention measures,as well as preventing the spread of drug-resistant strains.

DNA topoisomerases-mediated DNA damages are generated from exogenous and endogenous effects, which need to be metabolized or repaired to maintain genome stability involving in many of repair enzymes. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) are two DNA repair enzymes discovered recently. TDP1 and TDP2 have the ability to hydrolyze the tyrosyl-phosphodiester bond of the phenol of tyrosine with 3'-and 5'-DNA end, respectively, which are contained in the metabolites of the damaged DNA mediated by topoisomerase 1 and topoisomerase 2, respectively. The abnormal activation and expression of TDP1 or TDP2 is the important reason for cancer development. Therefore, TDP1 and TDP2 have been regarded as potential targets in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the rationales of their potential as targets and development of their inhibitors together with topoisomerase poisons or DNA damaging agents.

adrenocorticalcarcinoma；cortisolhypersecretion；hypokalemia；prognosis 【Objective】To analyze the prognostic determinants of adreno cortical carcinoma（ACC）inadults.【Methods】Alladult patients who were admitted to SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital，SunYat-sen University from December 2011 to March 2017 and pathologically diagnosed ACC were included in this study.Thec linical data and preoperative laboratory examinations of those patients were analyzed retrospectively. Overall survival or disease-free survival was calculated and survivalcurves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier and compared by log-rank test. Harzardratios（HRs） with their 95% confidenceintervals（CIs） were calculated by univariate and multivariate Coxregression model.【Results】The study included 20 adult patients with ACC， with a median follow-up of 13months （6~73 months）. The mean survival time of those patients was 49.2 months（6~73months），with a 1-year survival rate of 70.0%. The results of multivariate Coxregression analysis revealed that the presense of cortisol hypersecretion（HR=23.60，95%CI：2.49-223.79，P=0.006） and hypokalemia（HR=23.60，95%CI：2.49-223.79，P=0.006）were predictors of poorprognosis of ACC. Moreover，in 18 patients with completely resected ACC，the presense of hypokalemia resulted in a worse disease-free survival.【Conclusion】The presense of cortisol hypersecretion and hypokalemiaare independent risk factors associated with poorprognosis of ACC in adults.​

【Objective】Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase（GGT）has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease（CHD）. We aimed to evaluate the association between the serum GGT level and the 10-year risk score for CHD（Framingham Risk Score，FRS）in a Chinese population.【Methods】We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 9，544 Guangzhou residents aged 40 years and older. Participants were divided into four quartiles according to their GGT levels：Quartile 1 <15 U/L（n=2 407），Quartile 2 15~19.9 U/L（n=2 302）， Quartile 3 20~28.9 U/L（n=2 442），and Quartile 4 ≥29 U/L（n=2 393）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the incidence of intermediate and high risk of developing CHD at 10 years（FRS≥10%）in relation to each quartile increase of serum GGT level.【Results】The incidence of FRS≥10% increased with elevating serum GGT levels（P for trend<0.001）. Compared with the lowest quartile of serum GGT level ，the adjusted odds ratio in the highest quartile was 1.72（95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29）.【Conclusion】Serum GGT level is associated with the FRS for CHD ，and might be used as an adjuvant marker for identifying patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events and early intervention.

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, association of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with CRC risk remains under-reported. We examined the association between glycemic indicators (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, 2-hour insulin, and homeostasis model of risk assessment-insulin resistance index) and CRC risk using prospective analysis and meta-analysis. Methods: Participants (n=1,915) from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Substudy were included. CRC events were identified through record linkage. Cox regression was used to assess the associations of glycemic indicators with CRC risk. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between HbA1c and CRC risk. Results: During an average of 12.9 years follow-up (standard deviation, 2.8), 42 incident CRC cases occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CRC for per % increment in HbA1c was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.63) in overall population, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.13 to 2.02) in women and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.68) in men. No significant association of other measures of glycemic indicators and baseline diabetes with CRC risk was found. Meta-analyses of 523,857 participants including our results showed that per % increment of HbA1c was associated with 13% higher risk of CRC, with the pooled risk ratio being 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.27). Subgroupanalyses found stronger associations in women, colon cancer, Asians, and case-control studies. Conclusion Higher HbA1c was a significant predictor of CRC in the general population. Our findings shed light on the pathology of glucose metabolism and CRC, which warrants more in-depth investigation.