Adult ; Aged ; Altitude ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Point Mutation ; Polycythemia ; genetics

Objective To observe effects of acupoint transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation on endurance training of rats.Methods Rats were put in swimming groove, closed glass bottle and on movable platform, then examined exhausting time, enduring lack of oxygen time, movable platform fatigue time and avoirdupois change.Results Exhausting time, movable platform fatigue time, and enduring lack of oxygen time of experimental rats were increased (P <0.01); All of post experiment rats' avoirdupois rose obviously, but experimental group enhanced least.Conclusion The acupoint transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation has integrated acupuncture with physical therapy and has features of safety, convenience, practicality and efficiency.

ObjectiveTo research the protective mechanism of acupoint iontophoresis to the heart function.Methods46 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The methods of histology, transmission electron microscope and radioimmunoassay were used respectively to observe the influence of acupoint iontophoresis on rats' heart ultrastructure.ResultsAcupoint iontophoresis could prolong rats' exertion period, protect ultrastructure of heart and prevent it from abnormal accretion. Over training would cause unbalance secreting between endothelin (ET) and calcitoningene related peptide (CGRP), while acupoint iontophoresis could improve such situation.ConclusionThe rise of exercise induced fatigue is related to many factors; acupoint iontophoresis can protect cardiac muscle, improve heart function and prevent it from exercise induced fatigue via several ways.

OBJECTIVETo introduce different surgical treatment for gyncomastia at different grades.

METHODS37 cases with gynecomastia were divided into three grades as: grade I with fat as main tissue, grade II with proliferated fibro-gland as main tissue, grade III with big and ptosis breasts and sagging skin. Different surgical methods were chosen according to the different grades of gyncomastia. These include liposuction, subareolar fibroglandular tissue removing, combined technique of the two methods, and breasts resection with free transplantation of nipple-areola complex.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied for the appearance of post-operative flat male chest. Complications, such as scar, numbness of nipple and areola were acceptable for them.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent surgical methods should be chosen for the gynecomastia at different grades. It can improve both the physical and psychological problems for patients.

Adolescent ; Gynecomastia ; classification ; surgery ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Nipples ; transplantation ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To improve our understanding concerning radiographic manifestations of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia(COP).Methods The diagnosis of cryptogenie organizing pneumonia was made based on clinical and radiological features,and was verified with lung biopsy and pathological examination in 23 eases.All data were analyzed and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results CT scans revealed multi-patch shadows,patchy air-space consolidations in 15 cases,often located in predominantly subpleural and(or)both inferior lungs,with or ground-glass opacities,bronehieetasis,and cords.Lesion sites changed over time in some patients.Cortieosteroid treatment led to significant improvement in most cases.Conclusions The diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia required the converging evidence from clinical and radilogieal manifestations as well as pathologies.It is important to appreciate CT manifestations of COP.

The mechanism of chromium accumulation and microstructure transformation of the fused yeast were studied in this paper.The result showed that the process of Cr6+ reduction and adsorption was accom-panied by the H+ consumption.The main adsorptive groups on the strain surface included amino,hydroxyl,phosphate group and amide,among which phosphate group played vital role in the chromium accumulation.The removal rate of chromium and reduction rate of hexavalent chromium declined 70% and 46%,respec-tively,when phosphate group was masked.During the adsorption process the chromium ions complexed on the surface of fused yeast was transported into the cell wall and combined with inclusion to form steady spe-cies and this took 90 min to reach the equilibrium.The biosorption and reduction of Cr on the cell surface would alter microstructure of cell surface,reduce cell membrane potential and increase cell membrane per-meability.

adrenocorticalcarcinoma；cortisolhypersecretion；hypokalemia；prognosis 【Objective】To analyze the prognostic determinants of adreno cortical carcinoma（ACC）inadults.【Methods】Alladult patients who were admitted to SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital，SunYat-sen University from December 2011 to March 2017 and pathologically diagnosed ACC were included in this study.Thec linical data and preoperative laboratory examinations of those patients were analyzed retrospectively. Overall survival or disease-free survival was calculated and survivalcurves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier and compared by log-rank test. Harzardratios（HRs） with their 95% confidenceintervals（CIs） were calculated by univariate and multivariate Coxregression model.【Results】The study included 20 adult patients with ACC， with a median follow-up of 13months （6~73 months）. The mean survival time of those patients was 49.2 months（6~73months），with a 1-year survival rate of 70.0%. The results of multivariate Coxregression analysis revealed that the presense of cortisol hypersecretion（HR=23.60，95%CI：2.49-223.79，P=0.006） and hypokalemia（HR=23.60，95%CI：2.49-223.79，P=0.006）were predictors of poorprognosis of ACC. Moreover，in 18 patients with completely resected ACC，the presense of hypokalemia resulted in a worse disease-free survival.【Conclusion】The presense of cortisol hypersecretion and hypokalemiaare independent risk factors associated with poorprognosis of ACC in adults.​

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and its receptor c-Met protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and CNE-2 NPC cell line, to correlate their expression level with clinicopathologic features and to study the effect of HGF/c-Met system on the invasive and metastatic potential of NPC.

METHODSForty-five biopsies were collected from pre-treatment NPC patients during the period from 1999 to 2003. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HGF-alpha subunit and c-Met protein in NPC tissues. The association between expression of these proteins and clinicopathologic features was statistically analyzed. The expression of HGF and c-Met, as detected by flow cytometry, in CNE-2 NPC cell line (with or without exogenous HGF) was compared. Western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were also applied to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression of c-Met in CNE-2 cells.

RESULTSIn the 45 cases studied, the expression rate of c-Met was 91.1% (41/45). Only 1 case (2.2%, 1/45) showed positive signal for HGF in neoplastic cells. Instead, HGF was expressed in surrounding lymphocytes. The expression of c-Met positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.024). There was also a positive correlation between expression of c-Met by tumor cells and expression of HGF by surrounding lymphocytes (r(s) = 0.450, P = 0.002). Moreover, the expression of c-Met was higher if there was a higher expression of HGF by lymphocytes (P = 0.009). However, there was no association between expression of c-Met and clinicopathologic features, such as age, gender, histopathologic type and clinical stage. After treatment with HGF for 24 hours, the percentage of c-Met-positive cells was significantly increased in CNE-2 cell line, from (46.6 +/- 9.02)% to (85.8 +/- 6.05)% (P = 0.003). The c-Met protein expression and c-Met mRNA level were also enhanced in CNE-2 cells with HGF treatment. However, endogenous HGF was not detected in CNE-2 cells, regardless of HGF treatment.

CONCLUSIONSHGF may play an important role in the development of NPC metastasis by inducing the expression of c-Met in tumor cells via a paracrine, instead of an autocrine, pathway.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; physiology ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate male serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in assessing semen quality and predicting the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART).

METHODSA total of 103 male patients under ICSI were allotted to Groups A (normal sperm concentration control, n = 29), B (oligospermia, n = 27), C (obstructive azoospermia, n = 29) and D (non-obstructive azoospermia, n = 18). The contents of serum AMH and other related sexual hormones were determined by ELISA, and their correlations were analyzed with the seminal quality on the day of semen collection and with the pregnancy outcomes after ICSI.

RESULTSThe contents of male serum AMH were (5.03 +/- 0.44), (3.70 +/- 0.44), (5.39 +/- 0.71) and (7.31 +/- 1.64) pmol/L, respectively, in Groups A, B, C and D, with no statistically significant differences among the four groups (F = 2.02, P > 0.05). The egg fertilization rate of the 103 couples was (76.13 +/- 23.66) %, not significantly correlated with the male serum AMH level (P > 0.05). The contents of male serum AMH in the pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups were (6.19 +/- 1.05) and (4.72 +/- 1.64) pmol/L, respectively, with no significant difference (t = 1.281, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe level of male serum AMH can neither reflect spermatogenesis of men nor predict the egg fertilization rate and pregnancy outcomes after ICSI, and therefore cannot be used alone as a serological predictive marker of ICSI outcomes.

Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prognosis ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

In recent years, as increasing of monoclonal antibody application in clinic, the antitumor effect of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) get increasing attention. The natural killer (NK) cells are the most important effector cells mediating specific antitumor of ADCC; the phagocytes, T-cells and granulocytes have the definite effect on antitumor of ADCC. ADCC is confirmed as the important mechanism and means for clinically treating the cancers with monoclonal antibodies. The IgG antibody firstly combines with target cells (tumor cells) through antigen-binding sites, and then FcγR on effector cells identifies its Fc fragment and mediates ADCC. Today many kinds of monoclonal antibodies have been put into clinical application such as rituximab and other new anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies including trastuzumab, erbitux, cetuximab, edrecolomab, nimotuzumab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin and so on, which all can mediate ADCC. The antitumor effects of ADCC mediated by monoclonal antibody can be influenced by IgG Fc receptor gene polymorphism, tumor cell antigen, serum antibody levels, cytokines and drugs etc. As to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ADCC efficacies of FcγRIIIa-158V/V and FcγRIIa-131H/H are higher than that of other genotypes, while increasing the level of tumor antigen and decreasing the level of serum antibody or adding some cytokines (IL-2, IL-21, IL-15, etc) may elevate the ADCC effect mediated by monoclonal antibodies. Avoiding use of certain drugs (dexamethasone, TNF antagonist) or appropriately using of ondansetron and clemastine also can enhance the anti-tumor effect of ADCC mediated by monoclonal antibodies. In short, ADCC is very important in clinical application for anti-tumor treatment, but its efficacy may be impacted by multiple factors.In this article, the killing mechanisms of ADCC, the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies with antitumor effect of ADCC, the factors influencing anti-tumor efficacy of ADCC, and the antitumor effects of ADCC by other cells are reviewed.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Neoplasms ; therapy