This article was aimed to study the correlation between microstructure and stability of cream contained Span and Tween as compound emulsifier by factor analysis. Techniques such as microscopic observation and rheolog-ical examination were used to perform the microstructure. And the thermal analysis and near-infrared stability ana-lyzer was carried out to quantify characterization of the physical stability of cream. The results showed that among the series of S60-T80 and S60-T60 creams based on compound emulsifier, cream conductivity increased and more and more spherical lamellar liquid crystalline structures appear on micrographs with increasing Span 60 fraction. The greatest viscoelastic was appeared when the mass ratio of Span and Tween was 2:2 and 1:3, respectively. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the increase of Span 60 fraction led to the weight loss of samples between 50℃-70℃ in-crease, but it decreased within 70℃-110℃. It was concluded that there was positive correlation between the intensi-ty of microstructure and the ability of resistance to structural failure when the experiment conditions were stable. It had negative correlation with the hydrophilic gel phase water distribution index.

Survivin, a new member of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins(IAP) family, regulates the essential cellular processes, including inhibition of cell apoptosis, promotion of cell proliferation and tumor stromal angiogenesis. Survivin is undetectable in most terminally differentiated tissues, but upregulated in almost all types of human malignancies and its aberrant overexpression positively correlates with chemotherapy resistance, increased tumor recurrence and shortened patient survival. Because of its key role in tumor formation and development, Survivin is considered as an ideal target for anticancer treatment. This review discussed the molecular function of Survivin, relationship between Survivin and cancer biological characteristics, as well as the research progress of cancer therapy targeting Survivin.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of personal injuries in motorcycle accidents in Chongqing area to provide the reliable information and reference basis for reducing the injury and death risk of the motorcycle accidents.Methods Two hundreds and thirteen cases of motorcycle traffic accident occurred in Chongqing area from January 2015 to June 2016 were deeply collected,the collected contents included the basicinformation,driver information and personal injury,etc.Then accident data were statistically analyzed.Results The death rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers.The death causes of craniocerebral injuries and craniocerebral injuries complicating thoracic and abdominal organ injuries accounted for 58.8％ and 20 ％ respectively,the proportions of head and neck,chest and back,lower extremity,upper extremity,abdominal and pelvic part and perineal part MAIS ≥2 were 71％,59％,33％,25％,20％ and 7％ respectively.The perineal injury rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers.The ratio of occurrence rates between lower extremity fracture to upper extremity fracture was 1.8 ∶ 1,the persons in motorcycles-trucks accidents were easier to suffer from vehicle crushing.Conclusion Head and chest injuries are important causes leading to motorcycle drivers and pillion passengers' death and injury.The perineal injury can serve as an important basis for identifying the drivers and pillion passengers in partial motorcycle accidents.

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression of E-prostanoid1 (EP(1)) and F-prostanoid (FP) receptor mRNAs in iris-ciliary bodies of the human eye using in situ hybridization.

METHODSEP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs were detected by riboprobes labeled with digoxigenin on paraffin sections of the iris-ciliary body tissue of the human eye using in situ hybridization.

RESULTSEP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs were highly expressed in blood vessels, muscles and the endothelia of the iris. EP(1) receptor hybridization signals were present in all muscle fibers of the ciliary body. Hybridization signal corresponding to FP receptor mRNA transcript was predominantly expressed in the circular muscle and in the collagenous connective tissues of the ciliary body. FP receptor mRNA was not detected in radial and longitudinal muscles.

CONCLUSIONSEP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs in human ocular tissues appear to be widely localized in the functional sites of the respective receptor agonists. Selective localization of EP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs in the circular muscles and collagenous connective tissues of the ciliary body suggests that EP(1) and FP receptors play an important role in enhancing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor.

Ciliary Body ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Iris ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Receptors, Prostaglandin ; genetics ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E ; genetics ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype

This study left flavonoids and alkaloids Chinese herbal monomer with common parent nucleus as cream base carriages drug respectively, cream base were prepared with stable span 60-tween 80 emulsification system. The near-infrared stability analysis technology was performed to quantitatively characterize the physical stability of cream. Base on the theory of gel network structure, theory of emulsification, theory of solubility parameter and theory of double layer, the influence mechanism of Chinese herbal monomer on physical stability of cream was discussed. The results showed that tetrahydropalmatine, matrine and naringenin had similar solubility parameter value with cream base material, creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomer have higher Zeta potential value and stronger physical stability, and that those creams had similar microstructure information with cream base. However, a larger solubility parameter difference exists between baicalin, baicalein, berberine, palmatine and cream base material. Creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomers had lower Zeta potential value and poorer physical stability, and that those creams had great different microstructure information with cream base.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Skin Cream ; chemistry ; Solubility

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture along affected meridian on the mem- brane metallo-endopeptidase (MME) gene expression of migraine patients without aura (MO) of Gan-yang hyperactivity syndrome (GYHS).

METHODSTotally 20 MO patients of GYHS were randomly assigned to the acupoint group (acupuncture along affected meridian) and the non-acupoint group, 10 cases in each group. Needling was performed once per day for 10 consecutive days. Gene chip technology was used to obtain two sets of gene expression profiles and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO).

RESULTSIn the acupoint group, MME gene expression decreased after needling (P = 0.0023).That gene was rich in the beta-amyloid metabolic process (P = 3.16E-05) and the peptide metabolic process (P = 0.009612). Its expression was not seen in the non-acupoint group.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of point selection along affected meridian could be achieved possibly by regulating the MME gene expression.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Endrin ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Humans ; Meridians ; Migraine Disorders ; therapy ; Syndrome

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics and clinical value of multispectral cystoscopy.Methods From May 2011 to May 2013,31 male and 4 female patients were included in this study,including benign prostatic hyperplasia in 14 patients,bladder tumor in 16 patients,upper urinary tract disease alone in 5 patients.The mean age in this group was 56 years (range 43 to 84 years).All patients accepted the bladder CT scan for diagnosis.TURBT procedure and pathological examination were performed in those patients with bladder tumor.Under the epidural anesthesia,the 27 F resectoscope was inserted to bladder through the urethra.Then,the conventional light source was replaced by multispectral endoscope light source.The white light,UV-light (401.0 nm),blue light (467.6 nm),green light (534.2nm),red light (660.6 nm),and near-infrared light (763.8 nm) were used,subseqently.Meanwhile,the following data were recorded,such as the visibility of bladder cavity,the color of bladder tumors and bladder mucosa,the density of blood vessels,three-dimensional structure of blood vessels,the mobility between mucosa and submucosa.Results When UV-light and near-infrared light irradiated bladders,there were not any imaging on monitor.However,the bladder mucosa and submucosa blood vessels were showed clearly and constituted the three-dimensional blood vessel network when using green light.The density of blood vessels in mucosal and submucosal layer was increased but less clarity when using blue light.The mucosal surface was covered in red when using red light,which vascular and mucosal can not able to be distinguished.Among 16 patients who were accepted the TURBT procedure,seven cases with T1 stage tumors were resected to the submucosa by TURBT.The superficial muscle layer with integrity structure could be observed under white light.While,blood vessels were not appeared when using green light.In six cases with Ta stage tumors,the clear connection of blood spots between mucous blood vessels and the blood vessel from the tumor could be observed under the green-light conditions.In three patients with Tis stage tumors,the mucosal blood vessels were normal under the white-light after tumor resection.However,structural disorder could be found under the green-light,which should be highly suspected as Tis stage tumors.Conclusions Without any photosensitizer or fluorescent dye,tumor blood vessels and bladder mucosal vascular can be showed under the green light.This technique is useful for identify the minimal tumor and evaluate the carcinoma infiltrated depth.

The mechanism of chromium accumulation and microstructure transformation of the fused yeast were studied in this paper.The result showed that the process of Cr6+ reduction and adsorption was accom-panied by the H+ consumption.The main adsorptive groups on the strain surface included amino,hydroxyl,phosphate group and amide,among which phosphate group played vital role in the chromium accumulation.The removal rate of chromium and reduction rate of hexavalent chromium declined 70% and 46%,respec-tively,when phosphate group was masked.During the adsorption process the chromium ions complexed on the surface of fused yeast was transported into the cell wall and combined with inclusion to form steady spe-cies and this took 90 min to reach the equilibrium.The biosorption and reduction of Cr on the cell surface would alter microstructure of cell surface,reduce cell membrane potential and increase cell membrane per-meability.

OBJECTIVETo find out the regular pattern of pain reaction by pressing along the Governor Vessel at the levels of T3 to L4 on the back in patients with digestive system disease, so as to provide references for diagnosis of the disease.

METHODSThirty patients diagnosed with digestive system disease by gastroscopy and colonoscopy as well as 16 patients with digestive symptoms without accurate diagnosis by endoscopy checks were observed. Pressing was applied from Zhiyang (GV 9) to Yaoyangguan (GV 3), including non-acupoints along the Governor Vessel. Positive reaction was recognized since pain, soreness or distension sensation appeared in the space between the spinous process.

RESULTSThe positive ratios of 30 patients with endoscopy checks and 16 without the check accounted for 100.0%. The tender spots, usually 5 to 9 in number, were mainly focused on the relative acupoints and non-acupoints along the Governor Vessel from T6 to T10.

CONCLUSIONThe pain reaction from Lingtai (GV 10) to Zhongshu (GV 7), which are at the level of T6 to T10, along the Governor Vessel is closely related with digestive system disease. And it can be regarded as function criterion of the digestive system and important reference of auxiliary diagnosis.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Back ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Digestive System Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Sensation

Objective:To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of resveratrol on obesity in elderly mice.Methods:In this study, 3 groups were randomly formed for 32-week-old mice and for 48-week-old mice.The normal diet group received regular chow and 0.3 ml saline by gavage once a day, the high-fat diet group received a high-fat diet(containing 21% fat and 1.25% cholesterol)and 0.3 ml saline once a day, and the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group received a high-fat diet and resveratrol(22.4 mg/kg, dispersed in 0.3 ml saline)by gavage once a day.After 12 weeks, body weight and adipose tissues were measured.Plasma leptin concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and values for hypertrophic obesity-related indexes of mice were obtained by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:The body weight and the proportion of subcutaneous fat tissues were lower in the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group than in the high-fat diet group[(34.43±3.23)g vs.(53.16±2.16)g, (3.21±1.58)% vs.(4.86±0.64)%, P<0.01], and were similar to those in the normal diet group.Resveratrol had a more obvious inhibitory effect on leptin in elderly mice than in middle-aged mice.In elderly mice, the plasma leptin concentration was lower in the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group than in the high-fat diet group[(0.015±0.009)g/L vs.(0.100±0.027)g/L]and the normal diet group( F=19.85, P=0.001), and it was similar to that in the middle-aged mice on a normal diet.Resveratrol significantly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)and glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)( F=10.79, 9.31 and 7.02, P=0.003, 0.006 and 0.010). Conclusions:Resveratrol can significantly improve hypertrophic obesity in elderly mice, and the inhibition of leptin secretion and up-regulation of PPARγ may be the key mechanisms.