Objective To study the discharges regularity of ambulatory electroencephalogram (ambulatory,EEG,AEEG)during sleep and hyperventilation(HV)-induced EEG. Methods Features of epileptiform discharges of AEEG and HV-induced EEG were evaluated comparatively in 65 cases with frontal lobe epilepsy. Results The epileptiform discharge rate of HV-induced EEG was evidently lower than that of AEEG during the shallow sleep period (non-rapid-eye-movement phase 1 and 2,NREM phase 1 and 2),which had statistical significance(P＜0.01);however,the rate of HV-induced EEG had no significant difference from that of AEEG during the awake period and deep sleep period(NREM phase 3 and 4)(P＞0.05). Conclusions The epileptiform discharge rate of AEEG during the shallow sleep period is obviously higher than that of HV-induced EEG in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy,and thus sleep EEG is helpful to enhance the diagnostic rate of epileptiform discharges in these patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAs a prospective vaccine carrier, nanoparticles can protect antigens from degradation and enhance immune response. This study prepared nanovaccines with MAGE-3-derived CD4+-CD8+T cell epitope peptides, and investigated its character and antitumor effects on transplanted gastric cancer in mice.

METHODSWe adopted the self-assembly method to prepare peptide/chitosan conjugated with deoxycholic acid (chitosan-deoxycholic acid) nanoparticles. We observed the appearance of the chitosan-deoxycholic acidnanoparticles through a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and analyzed the peptide content and its release pattern by fluorescence spectrophotometry. We observed tumor-suppression efficacy in vivo through animal experiments.

RESULTSWe successfully prepared nanoparticles with MAGE-3 peptide antigen, and its encapsulation efficiency and loading level were about 37% and 17.0%, respectively. These nanoparticles presented a delayed release pattern in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, and the full release time was about 48 h. In 2 mg/mL lysozyme, the nanoparticles showed a sudden release, and the full release time was about 24 h. ELISPOT and cytotoxic experiments showed that the MAGE-3 peptide loaded nanoparticles could stimulate immune response in vivo and could generate MAGE-3-targeted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and kill MAGE-3-specific tumor cells. Tumor suppression experiments showed that the regression ratio of the peptide-loaded nanoparticles group was 37.81%.

CONCLUSIONSMAGE-3 peptide/chitosan-deoxycholic acidvaccine-loaded nanoparticles can stimulate antitumor immune response in vivo and can regress the growth of mouse forestomach carcinoma cell line MFC.

Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; chemistry ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Deoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasm Proteins ; chemistry ; immunology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Tumor Burden

AIMTo determine the effects of azide methyl anthraquinone derivative (AMAD) on growth inhibition and inducing apoptosis of multidrug resistant (MDR) KBv200 cells and parental drug-sensitive KB cells.

METHODSCytotoxicity was determined by tetrazolium (MTF) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) in cells were labeled with DCFH-DA and DiOC6 and tested by flow cytometry. Annexin V stain and DNA ladder were used to examine the apoptosis of KB and KBv200 cells induced by AMAD.

RESULTSAMAD was shown to inhibit the growth of KB and KBv200 cells significantly in a concentration-dependent manner, with mean IC50 of 0.36 and 0.45 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The generation of ROS increased obviously after the cells were treated with AMAD for 12 h, up to the peak in 24 h, meanwhile the levels of deltapsi(m) were time-dependently decreased. DNA fragmentation appeared on the agarose gel. Annexin V stain showed AMAD induced apoptosis of KB and KBv200 cells also in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONAMAD showed inhibitory effect on both MDR KBv200 cells and parental drug-sensitive KB cells. The mechanism of action was associated with the increase of the cellular ROS level and the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by AMAD, which result in cell apoptosis.

Anthraquinones ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; KB Cells ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Molecular Structure ; Mouth Floor ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the resuscitative effect of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in enteral resuscitation of burn shock.

METHODSEighteen Beagle dogs with 35% TBSA full-thickness flame injury were used in this study. They were randomized to a control group (no-fluid resuscitation, N group), a HEGS resuscitation group (H group) or an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) resuscitation group (I group). The solution enterally was given for resuscitation from half an hour after burn. The volumes and rates of fluid infusion in the H group were basically in accordance with 2 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA), those in the I group were basically in accordance with parkland formula [4 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA)]. The haemodynamic parameters, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume, osmotic pressure of plasma, intestinal absorptive rates of water and Na(+), and intestine mucosa blood flow were continuously assessed.

RESULTSThe cardiac output index, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume and intestine blood mucosa flow reduced markedly after burn in the three groups, and then gradually returned from 2 h after burn in two resuscitation groups, which were higher than that in the N group (P < 0.05). The activities of diamine oxidase in plasma in the two resuscitation groups were higher than that in N group (P < 0.05). The intestinal absorption rates of water and Na(+) reduced markedly after burn in two resuscitation groups with the lowest levels, and then returned from 6 h after burn. The rates of water in H group were lower than that in I group (P < 0.05); the rates of Na(+) in H group were higher than in I group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that 35%TBSA III degrees burn-injury dogs be resuscitated effectively with 1.8% hypertonic electrolyte-glucose solution by enteral, which 1/2 volume of an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution.

Animals ; Burns ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Enteral Nutrition ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo analyze the related factors of neck recurrence and regularity of cervical lymph nodes metastasis of pathologically node positive (pN+) tongue squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and explore the neck treatment strategy for pN+ tongue SCC.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 138 patients with pN+ oral tongue SCC from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2008 were reviewed. Distribution of neck metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes were analyzed. The influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC were analyzed.

RESULTSAll patients were followed over two years or until death. Using Kaplan-Meier method, the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 46.4% and 36.2% respectively. Two hundred and three levels of 138 patients had metastasis and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 94.6%. Sixty-six levels of 47 patients had neck recurrences and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 77.3%. pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, extracapsular spread (ECS) of cervical lymph nodes were relevant to the neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC (all P < 0.05). When ECS of cervical lymph nodes was present, the neck recurrence rate of patients with postoperative radiation was lower than patients without postoperative radiation, but P value failed to demonstrate significant difference (P = 0.076). There were no significant difference of neck recurrence rates between different neck dissection methods (P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that pTNM stage and ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the independent prognostic factors of pN+ oral tongue SCC.

CONCLUSIONSpT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC. Postoperative radiation may reduce the neck recurrence rate when ECS was present. There was no difference of the neck recurrence rate between modified neck dissection (MRND) and radical neck dissection (RND) and when the non-lymphatic structures were not involved, MRND should attempted. Metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes of pN+ tongue SCC were mostly distributed in ipsilateral I, II, III level and selective neck dissection (SND) can be applied to pN+ tongue SCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the change in intestinal barrier and organ functions of burned dog after enteral administration of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in shock stage.

METHODSTwenty-four Beagle dogs inflicted with 35% TBSA full-thickness burn were divided into no-fluid group (NF), intravenous infusion with isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) group (II group), enteral infusion with IEGS group (EI), and enteral infusion with HEGS group (EH) according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Saline, containing 50 g/L glucose, was intravenously or enterally infused into dogs in II group and EI group respectively 0.5 hour post injury (PIH) for resuscitation. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 4 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1) (half of the total volume was infused in the first 8 hours in a constant speed, the other half volume was infused in the rest 16 hours in a constant speed). HEGS, containing 18 g/L NaCl and 50 g/L glucose, was enterally infused into dogs in EH group. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 2 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1), with the same infusion speed as that in II and EI groups. Liver and kidney function indexes [activity of ALT and CK-MB, expression levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum], activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), and activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 were determined.

RESULTSALT activity in each group was close to one another. Serum levels of creatinine and BUN in II, EI, and EH groups were significantly lower than those in NF group. CK-MB activity obviously increased at PIH 2 in every group. CK-MB activity in EH group at PIH 2 to 8 was respectively lower than that in NF and II groups. DAO activity in serum in II, EI, and EH groups decreased since PIH 4 or PIH 6, respectively from (3.9 + or - 0.6) U/L to (3.6 + or - 0.5) U/L, (4.8 + or - 0.4) U/L to (2.8 + or - 0.8) U/L, (6.4 + or - 1.8) U/L to (3.5 + or - 0.8) U/L, all were significantly lower than those in NF group [from (12.5 + or - 0.4) U/L to (9.7 + or - 1.1) U/L, comparison between EH group and NF group, t value at PIH 4, 6, 8, 24 was respectively 10.25, 12.44, 17.99, 16.21, P values all below 0.05]. The order of Na(+)-k(+)-ATPase activity in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 in each group from high to low was II group, EH group, EI group, and NF group (comparison between former 3 groups and NF group, t value was respectively 10.09, 4.96, 8.32, F value was 26.79, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHEGS does not cause significant harm to the barrier function of intestinal mucosa of shock dog after burn. Compared with NF, HEGS can significantly improve functions of heart, liver, and kidney, and it can achieve the same resuscitation effect as enteral or intravenous infusion of IEGS with only half of the solution volume.

Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Fluid Therapy ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; physiopathology ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology

【Objective】To investigate the impact of long- term storage time on epigenetic modification of histone in human cleavage stage embryos.【Methods】According to the length of storage time，donated embryos after slow-freezing were divided into 3 groups ：6-year group ，9-year group ，and 12-year group ，while the control group consisted of donated fresh embryos. Immunocytochemistry was performed to compare the expression levels of HDAC1， H3K9ac， H3K4me3 ，and H3K9me3 among 4 groups. Transcription levels of HDAC1 ，SUV39H1 ，SETDB1 ，and KDM5A were analyzed through Single-Cell qRT-PCR.【Results】The relative abundances of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 mRNA showed no significant differences among 4 groups（P > 0.05）. SETDB1 exhibited a climbing pattern as storage time increased，but no significant difference was observed（P > 0.05）. There were no differences in H3K9 trimethylation and H3K9 methylation among 4 groups. However ，the expression level of KDM5A increased with the increasing storage time（P < 0.05）.【Conclusions】 Storage time did not affect the expression of deacetylase HDAC1，methylase SUV39H1 and SETDB1. H3K9ac/me3 and H3K4me3 also exhibited no significant difference as the storage time increases. However ，the increasing storage length might induce the elevating expression of demethylase KDM5A，which may be associated with inhibition of embryonic transcription.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the features of hypertension and vessel endothelium functional parameter in people living at the community level as well as the risk factors of hypertension. Differences of angiotensin II (Ang II ), prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) among normal group and three hypertension groups were also studied.

METHODSBy cluster sampling, 1134 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. Medical history was documented and measurements of body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were performed. Serum NO levels were determined by cadmium reduction method while plasma Ang II and PGI2 concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe total ratio of hypertension from people living at the community was 44.5%, with the standardized prevalence of hypertension as 15.3%. With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension also increased. Overweight and obesity seemed to be independent risk factors for hypertension. History of smoking and drinking and gender did not enter the logistic equation for hypertension. The amount of plasma Ang II concentration of the three hypertension groups was significantly lower than that in the normal group while the lowest group appeared to from the one that hypertension was under control. The NO and PGI2 levels of the two groups whose hypertension had been known were significantly higher than in the normal group while the difference between the group whose hypertension had not been measured and the normal group was not found.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of hypertension had been increasing. Control of body weight seemed to be a useful way for prevention of hypertension. We assumed that the negative feedback regulation of renin-angiotonin-aldosterone system in hypertension patient still existed which called for the research on the mechanism of hypertension.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Angiotensin II ; analysis ; Cluster Analysis ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Epoprostenol ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo assess the predictive performance of four creatinine-based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）： 2012 chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration （CKD-EPIcr） equation ， 2021CKD-EPIcr equation， Xiangya equation and European kidney function consortium （EKFC） equation. MethodsA total of 198 patients with chronic kidney disease from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Kiang Wu Hospital in Macau were enrolled. We compared the GFR measured （mGFR） by iohexol plasma clearance and the eGFR calculated by four equations. The agreement between mGFR and eGFR was analyzed by Bland-Altman plots， concordance correlation coefficient （CCC）， coverage probability （CP） and total deviation index （TDI）. The performance of eGFR equations， including their bias， precision， root square mean error （RSME）， and percentage of estimates within 30% deviation of measured GFR （P₃₀）， were evaluated. Bootstrap method （2 000 samples） was used to calculate bias， interquartile range （IQR）， RSME， and 95% confidence intervals （CI） for P_30. After selecting the optimal eGFR equation as the reference， we statisticlly tested other equations by ① Wilcoxon signed-rank test for bias； ② McNemar-Bowker test for P₃₀； ③ comparing RMSE and IQR with independent samples t test after 2 000 bootstrap samples were obtained. ResultsThe median mGFR and four eGFR equations （EKFC， 2012CKD-EPIcr， 2021CKD-EPIcr and Xiangya equation） in the overall population were 56.2 mL·min^-1·（1.73m²）^-1， 67.1 mL·min^-1·（1.73m²）^-1， 73.0 mL·min^-1·（1.73m²）^-1， 66.9 mL·min^-1·（1.73m²）^-1 and 63.8 mL·min^-1·（1.73m²）^-1， respectively. The Bland-Altman plots showed that EKFC equation had the lowest mean difference and the narrowest 95% limit of agreement. The EKFC equation had the optimal performance on CCC， TDI and CP with values of 0.90， 24.41 and 0.50， respectively. Overall， the bias， accuracy， P₃₀ and RSME from the EKFC equation was -0.99， 14.64， 0.80， and 14.68， respectively， with 95% CI ranging from -2.53 to 0.94， 11.82 to 17.35， 0.73 to 0.85， and 12.69 to 17.35， respectively， which were superior to those values from other three eGFR equations. The differences were statistically significant （all P < 0.05）. The results in the mGFR subgroups were basically consistent with the overall trend. ConclusionsOf the four eGFR equations validated in this study， the EKFC equation comprehensively surpasses 2012CKD-EPIcr equation， 2021CKD-EPIcr equation， and Xiangya equation. With P₃₀>75%， the EKFC equation can meet clinical diagnostic needs. Therefore， the EKFC equation is recommended for estimating GFR in a Chinese population， but more participants need be included to further support this conclusion.