The afferent and efferent connections of middle suprasylvian gyrus (MSS) were studied in 18 cats by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 0.1～0.4?l of saline solution containing 50％ HRP and 2％ DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) was injected into the cortical areas (areas 5, 7, LS, 21, 19) of MSS according to the map of Heath and Jones (1971). The frozen sections were processed with TMB method. Each cortical area of MSS has reciprocal connections with ipsilateral pulvinar (PUL), lateral posterior nucleus (LP) and posterior nucleus (PN) of the lateral nuclear group of thalamus and central medial nucleus (NCM), paracentral nucleus (PC) and central lateral nucleus (CL) of the intralaminar nuclear group. The cortical areas in rostral part of MSS have additional connections with posterior nuclear group (PO), central median nucleus (CM), parafascicular nucleus (PF), ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and ventral lateral nucleus (VL). Labeled terminals are more packed in lateral nuclear group than in intralaminar nuclear group. In nuclear reticularis (R), zona incerta (ZI) and ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body (GLv) only labeled terminals could be found.In addition, labeled terminals were found in caudate nucleus, putamen, pretecrum, colliculus superior and nuclei pontis and labeled cells could be seen in locus caeruleus, amygdala and nuclei raphe. Both labeled cells and terminals were present in claustrum bilaterally, but notably ipsilaterally.

All the cortical areas in MSS except for area 7 have reciprocal connections with primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex (SⅠ, SⅡ) and with some thalamic nuclei which are related with specific sensations (e. g. layer B of lateral geniculate nucleus, medial interlaminar nucleus, medial part of posterior nuclear group).Area 7 lying in the central part of MSS, has close connections with its surrounding areas and is thus indirectly connected with the specific sensory system.Both homotopic and heterotopic callosal connections exist for some cortical areas of cat's MSS. The heterotopic callosal connections of a given cortical area are always corresponding to the areas which have ipsilateral connections with the given area.Most of the labeled cells are found in layer Ⅲ of cerebral cortex and are pyramidal in shape, the rest are in layer Ⅱ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ. The labeled terminals (and/or preterminals) are distributed to all layers of cortex, predominantly in superficial layers (Ⅰ～Ⅲ).

Adult ; Cardiac Catheterization ; instrumentation ; Device Removal ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Retreatment

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger of growing recognition involved in the regulation of a number of complex physiological processes. In combinations to the related progress of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causing agent of bacterial blight of rice in our lab, this review describes (1) the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of c-di-GMP and several mechanisms of regulation of c-di-GMP metabo-lism, (2) the contribution of c-di-GMP to regulating virulence, motility and biofilm formation, processes that affect pathogenesis of many bacteria, and (3) ways in which c-di-GMP may mediate these regulatory effects.

With the development of diagnostic and screening technologies, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic metastasis is increasing. It is a kind of refractory disease with extremely poor prognosis. Currently, there is no standard therapy. The existing guidelines only recommend targeted therapy, systemic chemotherapy or best supportive care for HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis, but have not mentioned surgical therapy.Several studies have shown that the majority of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis died of progressive intrahepatic tumor leading to hepatic failure, but not extrahepatic metastases; and primary tumor resection may have a favorable impact on the prognosis of these patients with resectable primary tumors.Furthermore, the role of resection of metastatic tumors for HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis remains unclear so far.Majority of experts think that resection of lung metastases has survival benefit when the hepatic lesion is resected or controlled, whereas resection of lymph nodes, bone metastases, adrenal gland lesions, or brain metastases does not prolong survival, which may be recommended when the goal is to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life.Therefore, surgical treatment is important for HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis, and surgical therapy combined with personalized systemic treatment shows survival benefit for selected patients.

Objective:To investigate the defect types and reconstruction methods of maxillary defects. Methods:The database of 1 107 cases with maxillary defects in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1985 to December 2010 was established. There construction methods were re-viewed. The defect types were classified according to Brown classification system. Results: In the 1 107 cases, 1 104 cases could be classified according to Brown classification system. The most common type was 2a with 559 cases (50. 6%). Among all the 1 107 cases, 349 cases were reconstructed with auto-transplantation, 443 cases with prosthesis, 107 cases untreated, and 208 patients lost to the follow-up. There was a significant growing trend over time for the application of free flaps and a downward trend of prosthesis. The most popular free flaps were fibular flap (88 cases) and radial forearm flap (75 cases) . Rectus abdominis flap and anterolatreal thigh flap were fit for extensive maxillary defects. Conclusion:The most common defect type is 2a. Free flap has become the dominant option for maxillary reconstruc-tion. Free flaps could be selected according to the maxillary defect types.

Purpose To explore the value of window width adjustment in diagnosing the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma manifested as ground glass opacities on high-resolution CT, and to provide guidance for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in different types. Materials and Methods The preoperative CT data of 102 preinvasive lesions and 107 invasive lesions of lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Among 102 cases of preinvasive lesions, 25 were atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 77 were adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Among 107 cases of invasive lesions, 78 were minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 29 were invasive adenocarcinoma. The lesions were ground glass opacity (GGO) on lung window while were invisible on mediastinal window. The window width was adjusted constantly until the lesions were invisible with the fixed mediastinal window level (40 HU). When the lesions became invisible, the window width was compared and the best cut-off was found on ROC curve in the two groups. Results The window width of lesions between preinvasive lesions and invasive lesions was different (Z= - 6.203, P<0.05). Window width was a good indicator for the invasiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (area under the ROC was 0.748, P<0.05), and the window width of 1303 HU was the best cut-off for preinvasive lesions and invasive lesions (sensitivity was 56.9%, specificity was 86.0%. Conclusion Window width may be useful for the diagnosis of the invasiveness of the GGO of lung adenocarcinoma on HRCT. The lesion disappearing when the window width is larger than 1303 HU is more likely to be preinvasive; while the lesion disappearing when the window width is smaller than 1303 HU is more likely to be an invasive one.

The experiences of Doctor SHI An-li, who created the SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy, for treating periarthritis of shoulder are introduced. There are three important points: (1) emphasizing selection of points and manipulation; (2) using the Bian stone comprehensive therapy flexibly; (3) practicing the elongated needle on the obstinate periarthritis of shoulder, and the manipulation process are explained in detail.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Humans ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

Objective To explore the pathologic changes in the brain areas corresponding to specific cognitive function and underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy by DTI study.Methods Forty-four Patients and 20 control subjects received the test of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Diffusion-Tensor Imaging examination.Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the normal appearing white matter of interested area were measured.T test was employed to compare the MD and FA between patients and healthy controls,patients with normal and impaired FIQ respectively.The relationships between FIQ and DTI value were analyzed by Bivariate correlations.Results VIQ (100.52?17.63),PIQ (95.10?16.72) and FIQ (98.19?17.76) of the patients with epilepsy were significantly lower than those of health controls (VIQ,PIQ and FIQ were 109.77?13.54,108.11? 12.17 and 109.81?10.57,respectively).Significant reduction of FA in both side of posterior limb of internal capsule (P

BACKGROUND:Currently, the cement delivery device used in vertebral augmentation vertebral augmentation (vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty) has flat tips that cannot be bent. During surgery, we always choose injection cement by symmetric way to keep the balance of power on the biomechanics of the vertebral body, while the traditional cement delivery tube can only be used in ipsilateral vertebral body.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of curved vertebroplasty device for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
METHODS: Sixty patients (72 vertebral bodies) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enroled, including 8 cases of double-level vertebral fractures and 2 cases of three-level vertebral fractures. Al operations applied curved delivery device in percutaneous vertebroplasty. We recorded operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and X-ray imaging data through prospective self control study. Treatment effect was evaluated with modified Oswestry disability index, Visual Analogue Scale scores and the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment. The patients were folowed up for 6 months to 2 years.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Surgery was performed successfuly on al 60 patients. The average operation time was 27 minutes (20-45 minutes) for 50 cases by unilateral transpedicular approach. (2) The mean amount of bone cement in every single vertebral of al 72 vertebrae was averagely 6.4 mL (4.2-9.5 mL). Bone cement distribution had not been found to be biased one-sided without severe leakage. (3) Visual Analogue Scale score and Oswestry disability index were significantly improved at 1 day after treatment (P < 0.05). During the final folow-up, no significant difference was detected as compared with 1 day postoperatively (P > 0.05). (4) The ratio of good quality of life in 1 month than postoperatively (87%) and in the last folow-up (92%) was significantly greater compared with the preoperative ratio (27%) (P < 0.05). (5) These findings confirmed that curved vertebroplasty device in unilateral pedicle puncture could ensure bilateral symmetric distribution of bone cement. Al patients are satisfied with treatment. It is proved to be a feasible simple and safe method.