Although chemotherapy is an effective way for advanced gastric cancer ,it does not significant-ly improve the prognosis of patients .Recently ,further researches on the mechanism of gastric cancer have led to the identification of ′driver gene′and the development of new agents that target these genes .By inhibiting the hu-man epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2)for advanced gastric cancer ,it provides a new treatment for pa-tients.Trastuzumab is a kind of Her -2 monoclonal antibody ,it is the first kind of targeted therapy drug for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer .A combination of trastuzumab with cisplatin and fluorouracil based chemotherapy can benefit patients overall survival .Therefore,in this paper,we make a review and summary of a set of recent studies related to the gastric targeted therapy .

BACKGROUND:The method in repair of primary lumbar intervertebral infection is different in different positions, mainly containing anterior, posterior and anteroposterior pathways. In posterior pathway, muscle gap approach is recognized by many fel ows. This program has its special advantage compared with conventional posteromedial approach. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of debridement, bone graft and internal fixation of pedicle screw placement in repair of primary lumbar intervertebral infection through posterior paraspinal muscle approach. METHODS:Clinical data of 13 patients with primary lumbar intervertebral infection were analyzed retrospectively. There were one case of L 2-L 3 , two cases of L 3-L 4 , four cases of L 4-L 5 and six cases of L 5-S 1 . Lumbar pain was obvious in al patients. Nine cases suffered from radioactive lower limb pain. Al patients received debridement, bone graft and internal fixation of pedicle screw placement through paraspinal muscle approach via posteromedial incision. After treatment, clinical effects were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale and lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 12-18 months, no recurrence. X-ray review demonstrated bony fusion, so loosening and breakage were not found in al patients. Visual Analog Scale scores revealed that Visual Analog Scale score was 8.15 preoperatively, 2.15 at 1 week postoperatively, 1 at final fol ow-up, showing significant difference (P<0.05). There was significant difference in pain between pre-treatment and post-treatment, and pain apparently relieved after treatment. Lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association score showed that effective outcomes were found in al patients after treatment, including nine cases of excel ent effects, three cases of good effects, one case of average effects, with the excel ent and good rate of 92%. Above findings confirmed that one-stage debridement, bone graft and internal fixation of pedicle screw placement through posterior muscle gap approach provides a good repair method for patients with primary lumbar intervertebral infection. It can achieve intervertebral space directly through intervertebral foramen, retain the central spinous process and lamina, reduce the injury to paraspinal muscle, and keep spinal ligament complex. However, strong spine fixation contributes to bone fusion, and keeps the stability of the spine after repair.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and utility of an ex vivo sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and ultrastaging for colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODSCRC patients undergoing resection of a primary colorectal cancer were considered for inclusion. Following resection, SLN identification was performed. The SLN was dissected from the mesentery and submitted separately for pathologic analysis. All lymph nodes were stained with HE. Blue lymph nodes, when negative by routine HE staining, were further analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 62 tumors from 60 patients with colorectal cancer were studied. 95.2% (59/62) specimens was successfully identified. In these 59 specimens, a total of 1114 (18.9 per specimens) lymph nodes were examined; of these, 157 (14.9%) were designated as SLNs. The number of blue-stained lymph nodes removed ranged from 1 to 9, with a mean of 2.7 blue nodes identified. The sensitivity of a blue-stained lymph node identifying metastatic disease was 39.1%. The false-negative was 23.7%. In 4 specimens micrometastases were detected only by immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin.

CONCLUSIONSEx vivo sentinel lymph nodes mapping in colorectal cancer is feasible and can identify the SLNs with a very high success rate. Ex vivo SLN mapping improves pathologic staging of patients with CRC. The SLN evaluation should not replace attempts to harvest large number of nodes for standard processing. SLN mapping can help improving the number of nodes for pathological examination.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; analysis ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; methods

Objective To explore the expression and change of ski-interacting protein (SKIP) in rats after spinal cord injury. Methods A total of 60 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=30) and spinal cord injury (SCI) group (n=30), each group was further divided into five time points including one day, three days, five days, seven days, and 14 days with six rats in each time points. The model was established at T10 with modified Allen's technique, and the sham group only bit the lamina of rats. The hindlimbs behavior was assessed with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score at each time point. The pathological changes of spinal cord neurons were detected with Nissl staining. The expression of SKIP were observed with immunofluorescence staining. Results The BBB scores were signif-icantly lower in each time point in SCI group than in the sham group (t>48.267, P<0.001). Compared with the sham group, Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm of spinal cord neurons began to disintegrate, coalesce and irregularly distribute, the neurons began to degenerate and die on the fifth day, and the damage deteriorated on the 14th day. Immunofluorescence staining showed that SKIP expression was mainly expressed in the gray matter of the spinal cord and little expressed in the white matter. The expression of SKIP gradually increased after SCI, and reached a peak on the fifth day (t=-17.035, P<0.001) and decreased significantly on the 14th day (t=3.853, P<0.05). Conclusion SKIP may be a new signaling molecule, which play an important role in neuronal apoptosis after SCI.

AIM: To observe the expression change of growth and differentiation factor 10 ( GDF10 ) in the spinal cord of the rats with neuropathic pain .METHODS:Male SD rats (n=60) were used.The neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of left L 5 spinal nerves of the animals .The paw withdrawal threshold was detected 1 d before surgery , and 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 10 d and 21 d after surgery.The changes of GDF10 in the dorsal horn of L5 spinal cord were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot .RESULTS:The paw withdrawal threshold of the rats with spinal nerve ligation was decreased from 1 d after surgery until 3 d with obvious difference compared with the na ve rats ( P<0.05 ) , continuously decreased until 10 d, and then stabilized at 21 d.The GDF10 was located in the cytoplasm of the neurons in the dorsal horn of L5 spinal cord detected by immunofluorescence staining .The expression of GDF10 in L5 dorsal horn de-tected by immunofluorescence staining was reduced after surgery , significantly decreased from 10 d ( P<0.05) until more than 21 d after surgery in spinal nerve ligation group compared with na ve group.GDF10 in L5 spinal cord detected at 10 d after surgery by Western blot was significantly down-regulated in spinal nerve ligation group compared with na ve group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Spinal nerve ligation induces the decrease in GDF 10 expression in spinal dorsal horn .The down-regulation of GDF10 may contribute to the regulation of hyperpathia caused by mechanical stimulation after the injury of spinal nerve .

Objective To investigate the effects of sepia on stem cells,granulocyte and monocyte progentior cells and peripheral WBC in mice.Methods Different dosages of sepia were given to normal and model mice with hematopoietic system impairment respectively.The numbers of CFU-S,CFU-GM and peripheral WBC in normal and model mice were measured respectively with the method of hematopoietic progenitor cells cultured in vitro and the technique of experimental hematology.Results Sepia could enhance the number of CFU-S,CFU-GM and peripheral WBC in normal mice significantly,resist the decrease of CFU-S,CFU-GM,and peripheral WBC in model mice of hemapoiecsis impaired effectively and promote the restoration of those indices mentioned above in model mice significantly.Conclusion Sepia has significant effects on stimulating granulopoiesis in bone marrow in mice.The mechanism may be related to regulating immunological function and inducement GM-CSF and other sorts of cellular factors,which in turn promote the multiplication differentiation of CFU-S and CFU-GM.

Microsurgical longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE) has been widely used to treat epididymal obstructive azoospermia since 2004. Although the deferential vasculature plays an important role in supplying blood to the testis and epididymis, little attention has been paid to the potential benefits of sparing the deferential vessels during the anastomosis in LIVE. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deferential vessel-sparing LIVE in humans. From December 2013 to December 2015, 69 azoospermic men with epididymal obstruction due to a genital infection, trauma, or idiopathic factors underwent deferential vessel-sparing LIVE in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. The outcomes of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 31.1 years for men and 28.3 years for their partners. Fifty-nine (85.5%, 59/69) men were followed up after surgery for approximately 16 months. Patency was noted and confirmed by semen analysis (>10 000 sperm/ml) in 83.1% (49/59) of men. The natural pregnancy rate was 40.7% (24/59) by the end of the study, with 87.5% (21/24) of these natural pregnancies achieved within 12 months after surgery. No severe adverse events or complications were observed. In this study, we present a novel technique for sparing the deferential vessels during LIVE. The preliminary outcomes show this technique to be safe with favorable patency and pregnancy rates.

The mechanism of chromium accumulation and microstructure transformation of the fused yeast were studied in this paper.The result showed that the process of Cr6+ reduction and adsorption was accom-panied by the H+ consumption.The main adsorptive groups on the strain surface included amino,hydroxyl,phosphate group and amide,among which phosphate group played vital role in the chromium accumulation.The removal rate of chromium and reduction rate of hexavalent chromium declined 70% and 46%,respec-tively,when phosphate group was masked.During the adsorption process the chromium ions complexed on the surface of fused yeast was transported into the cell wall and combined with inclusion to form steady spe-cies and this took 90 min to reach the equilibrium.The biosorption and reduction of Cr on the cell surface would alter microstructure of cell surface,reduce cell membrane potential and increase cell membrane per-meability.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to approach the impact of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), to see whether OSAHS is an independent risk factor of LVH. METHOD: Chose patients with OSAHS or essential hypertension (EH) as the study group (78 cases) and subjects without OSAHS and EH as Normal control group (22 cases). The study group was divided into 4 groups according to the diseases of OSAHS and EH:EH group (26 cases), OSAHS group(25 cases) and EH + OSAHS group (27 cases). Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), interventricular septum thickness in diastole (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd) etc were tested in all the subjects. Statistical analysis was carried out with software of SPSS 11. 5 for windows. One-way analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to assess the statistical evaluation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: IVSd and LVPWd of the control group were lower than study groups (EH group, OSAHS group and EH + OSAHS group), and IVSd, LVPWd of the EH + OSAHS group were higher than that of the EH group and OSAHS group (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that only AHI and SBP entered the regression equation (P < 0.05), it means that AHI and SBP are independent risk factors of IVSd and LVPWd. CONCLUSION OSAHS and SBP are independent risk factors of LVH.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications

OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlation of CCBE1 expression in adjacent tissues of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) with pericancerous lymphatic vessel proliferation, cervical lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes of the patients. METHODS: Lymphatic vessel density was quantified in pericancerous tissue sections of 44 cases of cT_1-2N₀ TSCC using D2-40 as the lymphatic vessel endothelial marker for calibration and counting of the lymphatic vessels. Of these 44 cases, 22 showed a relatively low lymphatic vessel density (group A) and the other 22 had a high lymphatic vessel density (group B), and the expression levels of CCBE1 in the adjacent tissues determined using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were compared between the two groups. The expression level of CCBE1 was also measured in another 90 patients with TSCC using immunohistochemistry, and all the patients were followed up for their survival outcomes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed a significantly lower rate of high CCBE1 expression in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed co-localization of CCBE1 and D2-40 in the adjacent tissues of TSCC. In the 90 TSCC patients with complete follow-up data, a high expression of CCBE1 was found to correlate with lymph node metastasis and a poor 5-year survival outcomes of the patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A high expression of CCBE1 in the adjacent tissues of TSCC is closely related with pericancerous lymphatic vessel proliferation, cervical lymph node metastasis and a poor 5-year survival of the patients, suggesting the value of CCBE1 as a potential prognostic predictor for TSCC.
Humans ; Tongue Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Tongue/pathology* ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism*