Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Shoulder Dislocation ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To develop a Gd-based MR probe containing arginine-glyeine-aspartic acid (RGD)motif to reveal integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.Methods Commercially available HYNICRGD conjugate with co-ligand EDDA was labeled with GdCl3,and the mixture was isolated and purified by solid phase extract(SPE)to get the entire probe Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD.Human HCC cell line BEL-7402 was cultured and the cells harvested and suspended then subcutaneously inoculated into athymic nude mice for tumor growth.In vitro cell binding assay to integrin avβ3 receptor and cell viability experiments were conducted.Then in vivo,imaging of the three arms of xenografts were performed by MR scan with a dedicated animal coil at baseline and time points of 0.30,60,90 mninutes and 24 hour post-intravenous injection(P.i.) via the tail vein.Three arms of nude mice then were sacrificed for histological examination to confirm the imaging results.Results Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD was successfully isolated by SPE and validity was verifled on signal enhancement througll in vitro and in vivo experiments.The T1 relaxation rate of the probe is 3.31 mmol/s:It is well tolerated to living cells when the concentration of the probe is below 0.1 μmol/ml;both BEL-7402 Hunlan Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell Iine and the tumor expressed avβ3receptor;The RGD-iigand was observed specificly binding with avβ3 receptor in vitro;The nude mice model bearing HHCC was well estabhshed.The signal intensity(SI)at the tumor site were 2247.6±39.0 at baseline and 2820.9±35.2 at 90 min p.i.respectively,the SI at 90min increased less than 25%of baseline,which is statistically different(t=-38.031,P＜0.05);while the SI at muscle site were 1824.2±32.8 and 1845.8±27.2 respectively,which is not statistically different(t=-1.424,P＞0.05);The signal to time curve for probe-administrated group is straightforward over time in the span of 0 to 90 minute p.i.while the control arms do not show such tendency.Conclusion Gd-EDDA-HYNIC-RGD has the potential to used as an MR probe detecting integrin avβ3 receptor-expressed tumor.This work may offer possibility of early detection and differentiation of specific tumors.

0.05).There was remarkable low signal intensity on T2-weighed imaging and no evident artifacts for molecular probe when the concentration of Fe2+ was 20 mg/L.The least number of labeled cells detected by MR in vitro was 6?106 when the concentration of Fe2+ was 20 mg/L.Conclusion:Molecular probe,SPIO-OCT,can effectively label breast cells which express SSTR.The reasonable Fe2+ concentration of labeled cells and imaging was 20 mg/L.There is a correlation between MR signal intensity in vitro and the number of labeled cells.

Objective To study the relationship between the choice of operation and the efficacy on hepa- tolithiasis.Methods From Januray of 1995 to December of 2006,89 patients with hepatolithiasis underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Of them 33 cases underwent hepaticoplasty,hepatolobectomy in 7 cases, cholangiojejunostomy in 22 cases,choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage in 27 cases.Results Out of the 89 cas- es,follow-up was completed in 81 cases for 6 months to 12 years.The postoperative stone residual rate of the group which underwent hepaticoplasty was 15.15 %(5/33)and cholannitis recurrence rate was 12.50 %(4/32),hepa- tolobecromy was 14.29%(1/7)and 16.67%(1/6),cholangiojejunostomy was 18.18%(4/22)and 30%(6/20), choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage was 33.33 %(9/27)and 29.17 %(7/24).Conclusion Hepaticoplasty and hepatolobecromy were superior to cholangiojejunostomy and choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage for treat- ment of hepatolithiasis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of putative bacteriocin immunity proteins on the growth mode of Streptococcus mutans (Sm). To observe the differences of antimicrobial sensitivity in planktonic Sm wild-type strains and mutant strains caused by the inactivation of bacteriocin immunity proteins and their influence on the biofilm formation.

METHODSSm wild-type strains (WT) and its knockout mutants defective in immA and immB (ΔimmA(-) and ΔimmB(-) mutants) coding putative bacteriocin immunity proteins were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) and selected by erythromycin at the concentration of 10 mg/L. Optical density was detected by spectrophotometer every hour and growth curve was drawn. WT, ΔimmA(-) and ΔimmB(-) mutants were treated with ampicillin (0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08 mg/L), sodium fluoride (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/L) and sodium hypochlorite (0.078%, 0.156%, 0.313%, 0.625%, 1.250%) for 24 hours. Optical density was detected by multifunctional micro plate reader. WT and the mutants were cultured in MBEC(TM) P&G Assay for 24 hours. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of chlorhexidine against Sm was determined by serial dilution method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to visualize the biofilm architecture, depth and ratio of live to dead bacteria.

RESULTSGrowth curve showed that it took about 3 hours to reach exponential phase and about 7 hours to stationary phase for WT, while 4 hours to exponential phase and 8 hours to stationary phase for mutants. Optical density of mutants were lower than WT in the presence of various antimicrobial agents (P < 0.01). In 0.06 mg/L ampicillin group, optical density value of WT, ΔimmA(-) and ΔimmB(-) mutants were 0.334 ± 0.016, 0.027 ± 0.016 and 0.047 ± 0.018. In 150 mg/L sodium fluoride group, optical density value of WT and mutants were 0.254 ± 0.018, 0.129 ± 0.011 and 0.167 ± 0.010. In 0.313% sodium hypochlorite group, optical density value of WT and mutants were 0.467 ± 0.008, 0.017 ± 0.006 and 0.050 ± 0.006. The MBEC of chlorhexidine against Sm WT, ΔimmA(-) and ΔimmB(-) mutants were 6.25, 1.57, and 3.13 mg/L. The results by CLSM showed a noticeable difference in biofilm architecture. The depth of WT biofilm was higher than the mutants biofilm (P < 0.01). The ratio of live to dead bacteria of WT biofilm was higher than ΔimmA(-) mutants in all layers (P < 0.05) and ΔimmB(-) mutants in the outer and intermedium layer (P < 0.01). There is no significant different between the inner layers of WT and ΔimmB(-) mutants (P = 0.191).

CONCLUSIONSPutative bacteriocin immunity proteins have influence on the growth mode of Sm. The antimicrobial sensitivity of planktonic Sm can be up-regulated by the inactivation of immA or immB. The MBEC of chlorhexidine against ΔimmA(-) and ΔimmB(-) mutants is lower than WT. The inactivation of immA or immB affects the biofilm formation.

Ampicillin ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacteriocins ; genetics ; immunology ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Cariostatic Agents ; pharmacology ; Chlorhexidine ; pharmacology ; Disinfectants ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Plankton ; drug effects ; Sodium Fluoride ; pharmacology ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; pharmacology ; Streptococcus mutans ; drug effects ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Sini Decoction (SD) on the expressions of Samd2 and Smad7 isoproterenol (Iso) induced myocardial fibrosis rats.

METHODSTotally 19 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., the control group, the model group, and the SD group. Iso was injected to rats in the model group and the SD group, while normal saline was injected to rats in the control group. SD was given to rats in the SD group by gastrogavage, while normal saline was administered to rats in the control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Four weeks later Masson staining and electron microscopic analysis were performed in each group. The protein and mRNA expressions of Smad2 and Smad7 were detected using immunohistochemical assay and RT-PCR.

RESULTSMasson staining showed the IOD value of the myocardial collagen fiber was 9 303 in the model group, 2 459 in the SD group, and 4 224 in the control group, indicating the myocardial fibrosis was more obvious in the model group than in the SD group and the control group. The IOD value of Smad2 protein was 20 275 and the mRNA IOD of Smad2 protein was 0. 919 in the model group, while they were respectively 9 949 and 0. 561 in the SD group, indicating the protein and mRNA expressions of Smad2 were obviously higher in the model group than in the SD group (P < 0.05). The IOD value of Smad7 protein was 25 667 and the mRNA IOD of Smad7 protein was 0.222 in the model group, while they were respectively 93 147 and 0. 412 in the SD group, indicating the protein and mRNA expressions of Smad7 was obviously lower in the model group than in the SD group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSD could effectively inhibit Iso induced myocardial fibrosis, and its mechanism may be associated with down-regulating the expression of Smad2 and up-regulating the expression of Smad7.

Animals ; Cardiomyopathies ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; Isoproterenol ; adverse effects ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smad2 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the microvascular distribution of the transmidline scapular flap supplied by the contralateral circumflex scapular artery.

METHODSThe integument and deep tissues of 6 fresh cadavers were dissected and radiographed after vermilion mixture was injected to the unilateral circumflex scapular artery.

RESULTSThe vascular tree passed the midline and reached to the contralateral acromion. The vessel density was the highest in the irrigating side of the back, which was higher in the middle area. In the contralateral side,the high vessel density concentrated in the upper part of the back.

CONCLUSIONSThe result revealed the direct evidence for the clinical application of the transmidline scapular flap. In design and elevating of the transmidline scapular flap, it should be slanting to the upper part of the contralateral back.

Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Cadaver ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scapula ; transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hemodynamic changes of an over-midline axial flap.

METHODSAn over-midline axial flap, based on the iliac artery and veins, was raised on the back of each selected Wistar rat (n = 30), vascularied by contralateral. The flap size is 7 cm x 3 cm. The over-midline part is 3 cm x 3 cm. A laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to evaluate the hemodynamic changes preoperatively, and 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after the operation respectively.

RESULTSAll of the flaps survived well. But, in the first three days after the operation, the blood perfusion of the flap in the areas of the midline and the distal part was significantly lower than the preoperation's level. Thereafter, the values of the blood perfusion started to increase till to the maximum 7 days after the operation. On the 14 days after the operation, the vascular structures was axially matched to the base of the flap. In the distal part of the flap, the choke vessels were gradually opened and resulted in the blood perfusion to the normal level.

CONCLUSIONThe hemodynamic changes of the over-midline axial flap transmidline flap could occur to match the need of the base of the flap.

Animals ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors

BACKGROUNDFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is known to promote the recovery of motor function in rats with ischemia and to upregulate the expression of growth factors which support brain neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether postischemic FES could improve functional outcomes and modulate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) after focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were randomly assigned to the control group, the placebo stimulation group, and the FES group. The rats in each group were further assigned to one of four therapeutic periods (1, 3, 7, or 14 days). FES was delivered 48 hours after the MCAO procedure and divided into two 10-minute sessions on each day of treatment with a 10-minute rest between them. Two intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were given 4 hours apart every day beginning 48 hours after the MCAO. Neurogenesis was evaluated by immunofuorescence staining. Wnt-3 which is strongly implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) was investigated by Western blotting analysis. The data were subjected to one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey/Kramer or Dunnett post hoc test.

RESULTSFES significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells and BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein double- positive neural progenitor cells in the SVZ on days 7 and 14 of the treatment (P < 0.05). The number of BrdU/doublecortin (DCX) double-positive migrating neuroblast cells in the ipsilateral SVZ on day 14 of the FES treatment group ((522.77 ± 33.32) cells/mm(2)) was significantly increased compared with the control group ((262.58 ± 35.11) cells/mm(2), P < 0.05) and the placebo group ((266.17 ± 47.98) cells/mm(2), P < 0.05). However, only a few BrdU/neuron-specific nuclear protein-positive cells were observed by day 14 of the treatment. At day 7, Wnt-3 was upregulated in the ipsilateral SVZs of the rats receiving FES ((0.44 ± 0.05)%) compared with those of the control group rats ((0.31 ± 0.02)%, P < 0.05) or the placebo group rats ((0.31 ± 0.04)%, P < 0.05). At day 14, the corresponding values were (0.56 ± 0.05)% in the FES group compared with those of the control group rats ((0.50 ± 0.06)%, P < 0.05) or the placebo group rats ((0.48 ± 0.06)%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFES augments the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs and thus promotes neurogenesis, which may be related to the improvement of neurological outcomes.

Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebral Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells ; physiology ; Neurogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Wnt3A Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo define the anatomical approach, anatomical planes and related vessels and nerves to create a safe and reproducible combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access for trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy.

METHODSFrom November 2009 to May 2011, twenty-five embalmed human specimens were dissected for anatomical information of the cervical region, the mandible region and the supra-hyoid muscles. On twenty fresh frozen human specimens after an experimental trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy, the related vascular, neural structures and muscles were evaluated.

RESULTSThe optical access port was placed in the midline sublingual. The geniohyoid muscle, mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were divided in the midline in order to reach the plane under the platysma muscle. The mucosa was sagittal incised bilaterally in the vestibular of oral cavity for working trocar, at the level of the first molar of the mandible. The working trocar reached directly the periosteum of the mandible, under the facial vessel and the marginal branch of facial nerve, and then passed below the platysma muscle into the infra-laryngeal working area. The distance from mental nerve to mandibular midline and between mental nerve and facial artery were (25.8 ± 0.9) mm and (29.4 ± 0.9) mm respectively. Anatomical dissections showed that after an experimental trans-oral combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access, all muscles of the floor of the oral cavity as well as the related vascular and neural structures are intact. The maximum nodule size of the resected specimens in the totally trans-oral approach was up to 50 mm.

CONCLUSIONThe combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access of trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy is safe and reproducible.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; anatomy & histology ; Mouth Floor ; anatomy & histology ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Young Adult