Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; classification ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Prednisone ; administration & dosage ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Vincristine ; administration & dosage

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger of growing recognition involved in the regulation of a number of complex physiological processes. In combinations to the related progress of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causing agent of bacterial blight of rice in our lab, this review describes (1) the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of c-di-GMP and several mechanisms of regulation of c-di-GMP metabo-lism, (2) the contribution of c-di-GMP to regulating virulence, motility and biofilm formation, processes that affect pathogenesis of many bacteria, and (3) ways in which c-di-GMP may mediate these regulatory effects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myringoplasty ; Risk Factors ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo introduce different surgical treatment for gyncomastia at different grades.

METHODS37 cases with gynecomastia were divided into three grades as: grade I with fat as main tissue, grade II with proliferated fibro-gland as main tissue, grade III with big and ptosis breasts and sagging skin. Different surgical methods were chosen according to the different grades of gyncomastia. These include liposuction, subareolar fibroglandular tissue removing, combined technique of the two methods, and breasts resection with free transplantation of nipple-areola complex.

RESULTSAll patients were satisfied for the appearance of post-operative flat male chest. Complications, such as scar, numbness of nipple and areola were acceptable for them.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent surgical methods should be chosen for the gynecomastia at different grades. It can improve both the physical and psychological problems for patients.

Adolescent ; Gynecomastia ; classification ; surgery ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Nipples ; transplantation ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the effects of biological rhythm disturbance on sedation induced by propofol in rats.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:circadian rhythm + administration during night-time group (group CN),circadian rhythm + administration during day-time group (group CD),biological rhythm+administration during night-time group (group BN),and biological rhythm+administration during day-time group (group BD).In CN and CD groups,the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 12 (7:00-19:00):12 h (19:00-7:00) light:dark cycle.While the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 24 h light cycle.Propofol 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 14:00 in CN and BN groups,or at 22:00 in CD and BD groups.The duration of loss of righting reflex was recorded.At 20 min after recovery of righting reflex,the cognitive function was assessed.The latency of passive avoidance was measured at 6,12,24 and 48 h after training.Results Compared with group CN,the duration of loss of righting reflex was significantly shortened,and the latency of passive avoidance was prolonged at 12 and 24 h after training in group CD,and the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance at 12 and 24 h after training were shortened in group BN.Compared with group CD,no significant change was found in the duration of loss of righting reflex,and the latency of passive avoidance was significantly shortened at 24 h after training in group BD.There was no significant change between BN group and BD group in the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance.Conclusion Biological rhythm disturbance can counteract circadian rhythmproduced effects on sedation induced by propofol in rats.

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and imageological features of skull base erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods 67 NPC patients proved by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent both CT and MRI plain plus enhancement scan. Scan slices were performed from oral pharynx (lower border of second cervical vertebra) to suprasellar cistern by axial CT scans and axial, sagittal and coronal MRI scans. Results (1) 52 patients with skull base erosion were found with MRI, and only 35 patients with CT. The following structures and figures were difined with CT and MRI respectively: pterygoid plates 8,14; clivus 22,25 ; petrous apex 25 ,28 ; sphenoid body or sinus 19,25; sphenoid wing 9, 12; cavernous sinus 14,17. The display difference between CT and MRI had statistical significance ( x2= 9. 47 , P = 0. 02). (2) CT- defined skull base erosion was most bone destruction , however, not only bone destruction but also tumor crossing skull base structure could be defined by MRI. (3) The incidence of headache was 82.7% (43/52) , cranial nerve palsy was 67. 3% (35/52) , both headache and cranial nerve palsy was 57. 7% (30/52). Conclusion Headache and cranial nerve palsy are primary characteristics of the skull base erosion in NPC. MRI is superior to CT in defining both bone erosion and brain tissue abnormality.

Fluid therapy has been the focus of attention and dispute. In this paper, there are three aspects including postoperative bowel function, surgical prognosis, and acute diffuse peritonitis. Colloidal supplement and appropriate crystal/colloid ratio should be noted in low perfusion conditions. The different types of fluid in recent studies did not show a significant difference in the long term. The new evidence will be noted in fluid therapy among 2012 SSC Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Guideline update (unpublished).
Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; Peritonitis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Shock, Septic ; therapy

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and screening has been shown to reduce morbidity and mor-tality. This review highlights pertinent aspects of adherence to screening including the various options available and key concepts to consider in any systematic program. Persistent adherence, which is key to an efficacious screening program, is the compliance with repeated screening tests over a period of time. A “chain of survival” mindset emphasizes the step-wise, sequential and persistent approach to screening and is a helpful concept to drive the message of persistent adher-ence. A framework for the patient and physician interactions that support screening intervention is examined, and various factors that impact both patient and physician adoption and screening modality recommendations are reviewed. While systems-based approaches to screening have great utility in automation and monitoring in a surveillance program, some emerging data suggests that the human touch is still an essential driver for active participation in these programs. Fi-nally, the proportion of time concept is discussed as a useful index for monitoring persistent adherence in both individualsand populations.

【Objective】 To study the differentiate expression genes and regulation signaling pathways related to the occurrence and development of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, we used bioinformatics methods to explore gene chip in gene expression omnibus(GEO) and genes related to dilated cardiomyopathy in online mendelian inheritance in man(OMIM) . 【Methods】 GSE21610 and GSE29919 chip gene sets sequenced by Herz- &Diabeteszentrum NRW laboratory of the University of Bochum, Germany with myocardial biopsy specimens from clinical cases under the platform GPL570 and uploaded to GEO public database were selected to perform our study. Myocardial biopsy specimens from dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure and normal cardiac function were regarded as the experimental group(14 and 21 cases, respectively) and the control group(12 and 8 cases, respectively). Up-regulated expression genes with the criteria: P < 0.05, were screened in GEO2R with the selected samples of two chips, which were then used to perform kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathways analysis, gene ontology(GO) function analysis, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis, and the results were displayed through Volcano map, Venn map, Heat map, and Bubble charts with enrichment pathways drawn by R language packages. Meanwhile, KEGG pathways with the criteria: NOM. P < 0.05, and core genes relating to dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure were performed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). All candidate genes were then intersected with the reported genes in the OMIM, respectively, and clinical significance of these candidate genes was explored in relevant literatures. 【Results】 A total of 173 up-regulated expression genes with P < 0.05, were obtained by GEO2R, which are mainly related to inflammatory signals, cell proliferation and differentiation regulating, and classical apoptotic signaling pathways. These genes were intersected with the 754 reported genes in OMIM, and three reported up-regulated expression genes were obtained: NPPA for diagnosis of heart failure, APOA1 that associates with cytokine action, and COL6A1 that regulates lateral tubular remodeling. 158 and 46 core genes from KEGG pathways with NOM. P < 0.05 were obtained by GSEA, respectively, which were then intersected with the 754 reported genes in OMIM, and two core genes were obtained: PRKCA, enhancing myocardial contractility, and BMP2, promoting the development of heart failure. 【Conclusions】 Based on bioinformatics analysis, we found that the candidate genes PRKCA, BMP2, NPPA, and COL6A1 are likely to be closely related to the occurrence and development of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, which can be used to reveal meaningful therapeutic clues and directions for the clinical treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with advanced cardiac dysfunction.