Infectious endophthalmitis refers to the acute suppurative inflammation of the uveal and retinal, with acute onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and effective treatment is particularly important.Based on the way of intraocular infection, endophthalmitis can be divided into endogenous endophthalmitis and exogenous endophthalmitis.In the East Asian, liver abscess is the main source of endogenous endophthalmitis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen.Liver abscess endophthalmitis is a serious cause of blindness caused by intraocular infection.A liver infection disseminated through hematogenous and the primary focus was hidden, which makes the disease was easy to be confused with immune related uveitis, causing high misdiagnosis rate, delaying the best time for diagnosis and treatment.In this article we reviewed the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to the endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.

Objective To design a new type of hybrid bioartificial liver (HBAL), evaluate its efficacy in vitro, and explore the feasibility in clinical application.Methods CL-1 human hepatocytes were cultured on microcarriers for 5 days, when cell count reached about 4.0 × 109 with cell density of about 4.0 × 107/ml.CL-1 cells cultured on microcarriers in home-made bioreactor constitute the biological part of the HBAL.The abiotic part included blood perfusion and bilirubin adsorption, and blood pump was employed as the circulation driver, which were parts of HBAL.The changes of the concentrations of indirect bilirubin (UBD), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCD), cholic acid (CA), blood ammonia (AA), AST, ALT and LDH were observed under the condition of in vitro circulation.Meanwhile, the function, morphology and the cell activity of CL-1 cells were also observed.Results After in vitro circulation for 24 h, the concentrations of UBD, CDCD, CA and AA significantly decreased from (335.3 ± 6.0) μmol/L, (395.0 ± 5.6) μmol/L, (155.7 ± 4.5) μmol/L, (39.0 ± 2.6) μmol/L at 0 h to (106.0 ± 10.9) μmol/L, (131.8 ± 28.7) μmol/L, (42.2 ± 7.3) μmol/L, (3.5 ± 1.0) μmol/L, respectively.At 48 h, ALT, AST and LDH significantly increased from (25.9 ± 4.2) IU/L, (22.0 ± 3.6) IU/L, (0.28 ± 0.09) μmol/L to (31.0 ± 2.6) IU/L,(31.6 ± 8.0) IU/L, (0.41 ± 0.12) μmol/L, meanwhile the count and vitality of CL-1 cells were significant declined.Conclusions (1) In the new HBAL system, CL-1 cells can keep its viability and function in vitro;and (2) the HBAL appears to be effective in purifying the serum in liver failure simulation model by clearing out non-conjugated bilirubin, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and ammonium chloride, which seems to be a promising therapeutic option.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that conversion from cyclosporine A (CsA) to tacrolimus (FK 506)-based regimen can improve renal allograft function and survival rate. But little is known about whether the conversion from CsA to tacrolimus(FK 506) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based regimen exhibits the same or similar clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of converting CsA to FK506 plus MMF in treatment of different types of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational and controlled trial was performed at the Center for Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2005 to October 2007. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen-nine enrolled patients received CsA-based regimen after renal allografting. Following pathological confirm and typing, all patients were assigned to two groups: CAN with chronic rejection (CR, n = 31) and CAN without chronic rejection (non-CR, n = 28). FK 56 was purchased from Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Japan. MMF was sourced from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China. METHODS: When patients were diagnosed CAN, the CsA regimen was conversed to FK506 plus MMF regimen. FK506 initiated at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg per day and then was adjusted to achieve steady-state whole blood trough levels of approximately 5-8 μg/L. MMF was used at a fixed dosage, 1.0 g/d, twice a day, only if relative adverse events occurred. All patients were followed up at least 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum creatinine(Scr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), 24-h proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and complications. RESULTS: All initial 59 patients were included in the final analysis. At 6 months after regimen conversion, the levels of Scr, TC, TG, LDL, and 24-hour proteinuria were significantly reduced in non-CR, in particular CR, groups, compared with prior to conversion (P< 0.05). GFR was markedly increased in both the CR and non-CR groups (P< 0.05). In the CR group, 20 patients obtained improved results, 7 got stable results, and 4 showed ineffective results. The effective rate of regimen conversion was 64.5% and 32.1% in the CR and non-CR groups, respectively, and significant difference existed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with prior to conversion, the incidence of hypertension and hyperlipemia was significantly decreased after regimen conversion (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in diabetes mellitus, opportunistic infection, and malignancy between prior to and after regimen conversion. CONCLUSION: FK506 plus MMF-based regimen can markedly improve the function of renal graft of CAN, in particular CR, patients.

Asteroid Hyalosis (AH) is a common clinical disease,which has been considered a benign disorder as it rarely impairs visual acuity.It was often discovered when the patient was treated for other eye diseases.The mechanism was unclear.Its characteristic B-ultrasound property makes the B-ultrasound a very helpful diagnostic technique.In the case of the patients with other fundus diseases associated with AH,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) may be used to reduce the interference from asteroid bodies,therefore improve the fundus visibility.Recent studies have shown that AH can incorporate with many other eye diseases.For example,in patients with cataracts,asteroid hyalosis can cause surface calcification of silicone plate intraocular lenses,which in most cases may lead to the need for explantation of the calcified intraocular lenses.The efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV),the removal of some,or all,of the eye`s vitreous humor for AH remains controversial.In this paper,we provide a review of the recent literature on AH disease: the etiology,diagnosis and treatment.We hope to thus improve the awareness and outcomes of AH disease.

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single-marker (QAMS) method for the simultaneous determination of oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d in Guishao Zhenxian Tablets (GZT). Methods The separation was performed on a Thermo ODS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate acid solution for gradient elution. The column temperature was 25 ℃, and flow rate was 1.1 mL/min. Using paeoniflorin as internal reference substance, the relative correlation factors of oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d were calculated and established by HPLC. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method to verify the rationality, feasibility, and repeatability of QAMS method. Results Oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d had good relations within the ranges of 2.63-65.75 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), 9.67-241.75 μg/mL (r = 0.999 8), 13.59-339.75 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 1.79-44.75 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), 2.45-61.25 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 7.98-199.50 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), 2.79-69.75 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), and 2.51-62.75 μg/mL ( r= 0.999 5), respectively. The recovery rates were 98.64%, 99.33%, 100.02%, 97.42%, 96.95%, 98.75%, 98.21%, and 97.81%, RSDs were 0.89%, 1.19%, 1.00%, 1.33%, 1.51%, 0.99%, 1.43%, and 0.80%, respectively. The relative correlation factors values of oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d to paeoniflorin were 0.520 9, 1.086 9, 0.476 8, 0.626 1, 0.802 1, 0.713 8, and 0.367 0, respectively. There were no significant difference in assay results between QAMS and the external standard method. Conclusion The QAMS method is feasible and credible, and could be used to determine oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, saikosaponin a, and saikosaponin d in Guishao Zhenxian Tablets for the quality control.

Objective: To develop an HPLC-DVD wavelength switching combined with gradient elution method for the determination of the contents of hydroxysafflor yellow A, protodioscin, dioscin, methylprotodioscin, pseudoprotodioscin, and gracillin in Dieda Zhitong San (DZS) simultaneously. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-0.4% formic acid solution (B) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min for gradient elution; Hydroxysafflor yellow A was detected at 403 nm; Protodioscin, dioscin, methylprotodioscin, pseudoprotodioscin, and gracillin were detected at 203 nm; Sample quantity was 20 μL. Results: The six active components were well separated and showed good linearity, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A 3.46-69.20 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), protodioscin 9.52-190.40 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), dioscin 8.74-174.80 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), methylprotodioscin 4.45-89.00 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), pseudoprotodioscin 2.64-52.80 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), and gracillin 3.28-65.60 μg/mL (r = 0.999 8). The precision and repeatability were good, and RSD values were less than 2.0%. The stability was good in 12 h. The average recoveries and the corresponding RSD values were 98.57% (1.59%), 97.64% (1.28%), 99.43% (1.07%), 97.98% (1.64%), 98.57% (1.16%), and 97.17% (1.37%), respectively. Conclusion: An HPLC wavelength switching combined with gradient elution method has been successfully established for simultaneous determination of six components in DZS. The method is simple, quick, accurate, and helpful for the quality control of DZS.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients.Methods HBV and HCV serological tests performed in the Gulou Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University from January 2010 to March 2015 were retrospectively investigated for analysis HBV and HCV infection rate.The clinical testing data of 866 SLE inpatients (SLE group)from January 2010 to March 2015 were retrospectively in-vestigated for analysis HBV and HCV infection rate.The serological tests performed in 1 795 health examination people (Control group)to estimate the HBV and HCV infection ratein general population using ELISA.Compare the difference of HBV/HCV infection rate between SLE group and Control group.Results In the SLE group,17 patients were HBsAg posi-tive,the positive rate was 1.96%.In the control group HBsAg postive 204 patients,the positive rate was 11.4%,there were significant differences between these two groups (χ2 =67.81,P <0.0001).The HBsAg positive rate was lower in male SLE patients compared with controls (5.26% VS 13.9%,χ2 =4.58,P <0.05).For the female SLE patients,the HBsAg positive rate was significantly lower than the control (1.64% VS 8.12%,χ2 = 35.65,P <0.0001).The HBsAg positive rate was lower in SLE group compared with control group among different age groups,and the difference was significant in 21~30, 31~40 and 41~50 age group (χ2 =21.86,22.78,20.36;all P <0.001).There had no statistical difference between SLE and control group for the HBsAb positive rate(Total,χ2 =0.50,P =0.48;Male,χ2 =0.12,P =0.73;Female,χ2 =2.00,P =0.16).Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection in SLE patients was lower than general population.

Objective To investigate the awareness and administration of antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes in Huairou district of Beijing.Methods A questionnaire survey on knowledge and administration of antidiabetic drugs were conducted in 900 diabetic patients from 16 communities in Huairou district of Beijing from November 2014 to February 2015.The related factors influencing antidiabetic drug use were analyzed with logistic regression method.Results A total of 899 questionnaires were recovered. Results showed that the rate of metformin single use was the highest (23.7%, 213/899), the rate of combination use of metformin and acarbose was 11.8%(106/899), and that of metformin and glipizide was 17.1% (154/899).Survey showed that 65.9% (592/899) patients were compliant immediately for antidiabetic agents, 32.2% (290/899) were not immediately compliant, 1.9% (17/899) did not use antidiabetic agents.Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the use of antidiabetic agents were the types of medication (t=-4.351, P=0.000) , adverse effects of drugs (t=6.999, P=0.000), awareness of diabetes to health hazard (t=-10.969, P=0.000) and the doctor′s recommendation (t=-3.352, P=0.001).Conclusion The results showed that the administration of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients from Huairou district is basically followed the recommendation by 2013 edition of type 2 diabetes guidelines and the compliance rate of medication need to be further raised.

Objective To investigate the role of skin homing T lymphocytes in the development of psoriasis vulgaris(PV). Methods Indirect immunofluorescent double staining technique was employed to study the expression of infiltrating skin homing T lymphocytes in normal, uninvolved perilesional and lesional psoriatic skin in different stages (progressing, stable or regressing) and in normal human skin. Results ①Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) was found in the majority of CD3+T lymphocytes in normal human skin and in lesions of PV, and CD45RO phenotype was expressed in almost all CLA+T lymphocytes. ②In psoriatic lesions, the number of CD4+CLA+and CD8+CLA+cells was higher in progressive stage than that in stable stage(P

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of bronchoscope combined with hot and cold ablation in treatment of benign and malignant tumors in primary tracheal and bronchial. Methods From January 2013 to November 2015, 30 cases of pathological types of primary tracheal / bronchial benign and malignant tumors patients include: 8 cases of hamartoma, 1 case of lipoma, 4 cases of granuloma, 1case of clear cell carcinoma, 7 cases of small cell lung cancer, 9 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, were treated by using carbon dioxide cryotherapy combined hot ablation under bronchoscope. Then investigated the outcomes. Results 30 patients, 22 males, 8 females, suffered from 1 month to 2 years, underwent surgery bronchoscope interventional treatment under local anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia, are taking joint cold ablation technique. All patients airway is completely opened, the lifting of the airway obstruction. Including 19 cases of disposable surgical removal of the lesion; 8 cases of lesions due to wide distribution, 2 times surgery; three cases three times surgery, no serious complications, follow-up without recurrence, blood gas analysis and dyspnea index were significantly improved. Conclusion Bronchoscope cold joint ablation techniques in the treatment of primary tracheal, bronchial benign and malignant tumors is effective, simple, minimally invasive and safe.