Objectives: Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018.Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs).In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children wereselected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independentfactors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleepingunder an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We alsoexamined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency ofwindow-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance. Results: Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p < 0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p = 0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p = 0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p = 0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5children. Conclusion Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with openingthe living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Objectives: Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018.Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs).In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children wereselected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independentfactors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleepingunder an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We alsoexamined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency ofwindow-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance. Results: Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p < 0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p = 0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p = 0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p = 0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5children. Conclusion Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with openingthe living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Objectives: Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018.Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs).In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children wereselected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independentfactors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleepingunder an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We alsoexamined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency ofwindow-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance. Results: Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p < 0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p = 0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p = 0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p = 0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5children. Conclusion Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with openingthe living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Objectives: Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018.Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs).In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children wereselected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independentfactors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleepingunder an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We alsoexamined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency ofwindow-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance. Results: Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p < 0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p = 0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p = 0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p = 0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5children. Conclusion Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with openingthe living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Objectives: Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia. Methods: The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018.Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs).In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children wereselected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independentfactors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleepingunder an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We alsoexamined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency ofwindow-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance. Results: Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p < 0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p = 0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p = 0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p = 0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5children. Conclusion Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with openingthe living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.