PURPOSE: In recent years, many psychological problems in patients with stomas have been addressed in a number of studies. But there are only a few studies that use objective measures to take into account self-appraisal by patients with permanent or temporary stomas. The aim of this study is to compare the psychological attitude of patients with permanent and temporary stomas and to determine the most appropriate psychological supportive care. METHODS: Sixty-five patients, who received a stoma between January 2009 and March 2012, were classified into two groups with either permanent or temporary stomas and were observed prospectively. We developed a questionnaire with the aid of a psychiatrist to analyze the grade of psychological attitude of self-appraisal of patients. The questionnaire was categorized into three parts; body image scale, self-esteem scale, and depression scale. Patients responded to the questionnaire 4 weeks after the operation and the answers of each group were compared. RESULTS: Out of 65 patients, 42 received temporary stomas and 23 received permanent stomas. There was no significant mean difference between permanent and temporary stoma patients in the body image scale, the self-esteem scale, and the depression scale. However, patients with a permanent stoma tended to have a worse body image and lower self-esteem on some specific items within the questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Patients with stomas have negative attitudes toward themselves and some meaningful differences were found between different types of stoma applied. Surgeons should be concerned about postoperative psychological support for patients with stomas.
Body Image ; Depression ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Humans ; Ostomy ; Prospective Studies* ; Psychiatry ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between academic burnout and academic self-efficacy in medical students. METHODS: The study group comprised 446 students in years 1 to 4 of medical school. They were asked to rate their academic burnout and academic self-efficacy on a scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis. RESULTS: Academic self-efficacy was correlated negatively with academic burnout explaining 37% of academic burnout. CONCLUSION: Academic self-efficacy (especially self-confidence) had the greatest effect on academic burnout. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of an evaluation and support system for students.
*Burnout, Professional ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Schools, Medical ; Self Concept ; *Self Efficacy ; Students, Medical/*psychology

It is very important for oral and maxillofacial surgeon to understand the attitude of maxillofacial deformity patients toward their deformity. The patients' expectations from surgery, motivations, and the psychological meanings of maxillofacial deformity are considerd by surgeon. The patient's satisfaction and self-assessment on his or her apperance and malocclusion are influenced by realistic condition more and less. There are some differences in points of view on malocclusion between specialist and lay-persons. Some differences from social and cultural base may exist as well. The study of psychological implications of malocclusion with general public will be a foundation in understanding of malocclusion patients. The authers studied the relation between malocclusion and body image, self-perception of malocclusion, social meanings of malocclusion with Korean men around early twenties The results were as follows: 1. The malocclusion played important role in body image. 2. There was difference in the weight of teeth in body image distortion according to the malocclusion. 3. Dissatisfaction aginst his malocclusion was salient in the groups of mandibular prognathism, anterior both crowding, deep overjet . The gruops of deep overjet, anterior both crowding weresusceptibe to the teasing in adolescence period.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Crowding ; Ear* ; Humans ; Male* ; Malocclusion* ; Prognathism ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Specialization ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of a self-help management program at public health centers on self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports in stroke patients. METHODS: Based on a quasi-experimental design, 44 persons with stroke were assigned to the experimental group (n=21) or the control group (n=23). Data were analyzed through the descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test and Mann-Whitney test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant improvement in its members' self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports. CONCLUSION: The self-help management program can be an effective nursing intervention to help stroke patients improve their self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports. That program is also meaningful in that it can contribute to more effective implementation of established programs for stroke patients in public health centers.
Humans ; Nursing ; Public Health* ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore relationship among pain, body image and satisfaction in hand-injured workers. METHODS: Using a sample of 96 out-patient workers with hand injuries, pain, body image and satisfaction were measured by VAS and Modified Jung Keum-hee's Tennesee Self Concept Scale. Repeated measured ANOVA and a Bonferroni correction for multiple statistical testing during post hoc analyses were conducted to evaluate relationship among pain, body image and satisfaction in hand-injured workers. RESULT: Functional satisfaction(r=.46, p<.001) and appearance satisfaction(r=.55, p<.001) significantly increased by treatment satisfaction. Functional satisfaction(r=.35, p= .001) and appearance satisfaction(r=.31, p= .002) increased by body image. But treatment satisfaction(r=-.20, p=.049), functional satisfaction (r=-.34, p=.001) and appearance satisfaction (r=-.39, p<.001) significantly decreased by pain. CONCLUSION: Poor pain management was related to bad body image and treatment satisfaction. Therefore, interventions targeting at pain management are needed for hand-injured workers.
Body Image ; Hand Injuries ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Pain Management ; Self Concept

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (KvSASS), and to evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: KvSASS was administered to two groups, 269 members of the general population and 52 depressive patients, and data on socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, occupation, marital status, and level of education) and psychological assessment scales (Self-esteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12) were collected. For the patient group, data on clinical rating scales and the duration of antidepressant treatment were also obtained. RESULTS: The evaluation of item intercorrelation by the Pearson correlation matrix showed that the number of correlation coefficients over 0.40 was nine. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), split-half reliability (Guttmans), and test-retest reliability of the KvSASS were good. Three main factors (social activity, self-value oriented activity, and work related activity) were extracted, and three clusters (highly, moderately, and poorly adaptive) emerged by factor and cluster analyses respectively. Concurrent validities with other psychological assessment scales were high. Stepwise multiple regression tests showed that KvSASS was significantly associated with Self-Esteem Scale and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12 in the general population group, and with occupation and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12 in the depressive patient group. CONCLUSION: KvSASS was a reliable and valid instrument to assess social functioning in both members of general population and depressive patients, and had psychometric properties reflecting the depressive patients' self-perception of social behavior rather than depressive symptoms themselves.
Depression ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Population Groups ; Psychometrics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Concept ; Social Behavior ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of social support, self - esteem, hope, and health conservation of the vulnerable elderly people with diabetes. METHODS: Participants were 100 vulnerable elderly people with diabetes living in D or K cities. Data collection was done through interviews from February to March, 2016. Social support was measured with the MOS-SSS (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey), self-esteem with Self-Esteem Scale, hope with the Nowotny Hope Scale, and health conservation with the Sung's Health Conservation Scale. IBM SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Factors affecting the health conservation of the vulnerable elderly people were social support, hope, education level and subjective health status. These factors explained 64.9% of the health conservation. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to construct a comprehensive nursing classification system for elderly people with diabetes in vulnerable class and to develop integrated health conservation program and nursing care as a new social support resource.
Aged* ; Classification ; Data Collection ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education ; Hope* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Self Concept ; Vulnerable Populations

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to expand knowledge about predictors of the self-rated health and mental health in fifty-year-old women. The study exploring links between self-rated mental/health and optimism, self-esteem, acceptance of the changes in physical look and some sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Participants in this study were 209 women aged 50 to 59. A single-items measures of self-rated health and mental health were used. Self-esteem was measured through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; optimism through the OPEB questionnaire; acceptance of the changes in physical look was rated by respondents on a seven-point scale. Participants were also asked about weight loss attempts, the amount of leisure time, and going on vacation during the last year. RESULTS: Predictors of the self-rated mental health in women in the age range of 50 to 59 were: acceptance of the changes in physical look, self-esteem and optimism. Predictors of the self-rated health were: optimism and acceptance of the changes in physical look. CONCLUSION: Optimism and acceptance of the changes in physical look seem to be important factors that may impact subjective health both physical and mental of women in their 50s. The role of the leisure time and vacation in instilling the subjective health requires further investigation.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Patients with sensitive skin are those individuals who state that their skin is more sensitive than the average person. But there is no clear-cut dermatological definition to describe, or standard method to evaluate sensitive skin. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the biophysical differences between sensitive and non-sensitive skins, we measured baseline transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and performed the lactic acid sting test. METHODS: A total of 503 people responded to self-assessment questionnaires, composed of questions about self-perception, related factors, and symptoms and signs of sensitive skin. In 55 of these, we measured baseline TEWL and performed a 10% lactic acid sting test on the malar eminence of the face using a Hilltop chamber. In the lactic acid sting test, the stinging sensation was rated by patients every 1 minute, on a 4-point scale, with cumulative stinging scores. RESULTS: The incidence of self-reported sensitive skin was 43.3% for women and 23.9% for men. The cumulative scores of the lactic acid sting test were not higher in the sensitive skin group (p>0.05). However, the onset time of the stinging sensation was faster in the sensitive skin group (p<0.05). There was no difference in the baseline TEWL (p>0.05) between the sensitive skin and non-sensitive skin groups. Furthermore there was no correlation between baseline TEWL and 10% lactic acid sting test in the sensitive skin group compared to the non-sensitive skin group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our experiment showed that the 10% lactic acid sting test is still not an adequate or ideal method to assess sensitive skin, and another new reproducible and objective method is necessary to assess sensitive skin.
Bites and Stings* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lactic Acid* ; Male ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Sensation ; Skin*

The purpose of this study were to define the degree of performance in health promoting lifestyle and to identify the variable related to performance inn health promoting lifestyle of adolescents. The subjects of this study were 469 adolescents in the 4 high schools. The sample data were collected using a purposive sampling method from July 1 to July 27. The collected data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation Coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS PC+ program. The results of this research were as follows. First, The means of performance in the health promoting lifestyle of adolescents revealed total 2.478 ; harmonious relationships 3.045, regular diet 2.236, professional health management 1.322, sanitary life 2.910, self regulation 2.558, emotional support 2.696, healthy diet 2.048, rest and sleep 2.651, exercise and activity 2.491, self actualization 2.466, diet control 2.408. The factor with the highest degree of performance was the harmonious relationships, whereas the one with the lowest degrees was the professional health management. Second, the relationship between the degree of performance in health promoting lifestyle and its related variable were as follows. (1) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with self esteem, self efficacy, health conception, perceived health status, mother's health promoting lifestyle, mother's health conception. (2) The most important factor that affects performance in the health promoting lifestyle of adolescents was self esteem. The combination of self esteem, health conception, mother's health promoting lifestyle, self efficacy, perceived health status accounted for 45.2% of the variance in health promoting lifestyle of adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Diet ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Control ; Child Health