PURPOSE: Intra-abdominal adhesions (IAA) are among the most frequently seen pathologies in general surgery practice with an increased morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the effect of locally applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on IAA. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into three groups including: Sham, control, and MSCs group. On day 0, cecum was reached under anesthesia in all groups, except the Sham group. Scraping with a sponge was performed until petechial bleeding occurred. The control group received no treatment. In the stem cell group, MSCs were applied topically immediately after surgery on adhesions. The rats were sacrificed on day 10 and colon tissues and blood samples were collected for macroscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: In our study, E-selectin, P-selectin, TNF-α and IL-1 levels were statistically significantly lower in the MSC group than the control group, while the sham group has the lowest levels. In both the macroscopic and histopathological analyses (Zühlke's scale), the least amount of adhesion was observed in the Sham group. In addition, although there was less adhesion in the MSC group than the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Topical MSC application immediately after surgery suppresses the inflammatory process. However it was found to be ineffective in histopathological and macroscopic examinations performed on the 10th day.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Cecum ; Colon ; E-Selectin ; Hemorrhage ; Interleukin-1 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Models, Animal ; Morphological and Microscopic Findings ; Mortality ; P-Selectin ; Pathology ; Porifera ; Rats ; Selectins ; Stem Cells

Accumulation of leukocytes within the glomerulus is a key event in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. This process is mediated by pairs of adhesion molecules. We have examined the expression pattern of selectins (E and P), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in 30 renal biopsies with IgA nephropathy, diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis, and minimal change disease. Normal controls were obtained from four nephrectomy specimens with renal cell carcinoma. ICAM-1 expression was significantly increased in the glomerular endothelial and mesangial cells in cases with IgA nephropathy compared with normal controls. VCAM-1 was expressed in glomerular mesangial cells in all cases with IgA nephropathy and diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis, but faintly expressed in 3 cases with minimal change disease and not expressed in normal controls. P-selectin was faintly expressed in the glomeruli in cases with IgA nephropathy and diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. E-selectin was only expressed in the vascular endothelium in one case with IgA nephropathy and in the other with diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were strongly expressed in the crescents. However, selectin was not expressed in the crescent. These results suggest that adhesion molecules, particularly ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular damage and crescent formation in primary glomerular diseases.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; E-Selectin ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Leukocytes ; Mesangial Cells ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; P-Selectin ; Selectins ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early in inflammation, adhesion occurs between leukocytes and endothelium where selectins bind to sialyl Lewis x(Sle,) and related oligosaccharides. We tested glycerrhetinic acid(GA), msjor anti-inflammmatory component of licorice, for its ability to inhibit selectin-mediated adhesion of human eosinophils and neutrophils in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Neutrophils and eosinophils were isolated by density grsdient centrifugation and eosinophils were further purified by immunomagnetic negative selection. Adhesion to unstimulated or IL-1 p-stimulated(5ug/ml, 4-6hr, 37C) umbilical vein endothelial monolayers was tested under static or rotating conditions, where adhesion is E- or L-selectin dependent, respectively. P-selectin-dependent adhesion was tested on immobilized platelets treated with or without TPA(10-7M, 10mins, RT). Stimulus-induced adhesion was always at least four-fold higher than without stimulus, and selectin dependence was confirmed with specific blocking monoclonsl antibody RESULT: All three kinds of selectin-mediated eosinophil and neutrophil adhesion were inhibited by GA and they were reversible without affecting viability. CONCLUSION: The ability of GA to interfere with the selectin mediated adhesion may contribute the one of the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects by licorice.
Centrifugation ; Endothelium ; Eosinophils ; Glycyrrhiza* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; L-Selectin ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils* ; Oligosaccharides ; Selectins ; Umbilical Veins

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The selectins play a role in the initiation of endothelium-leukocyte interaction; endothelial expression of E-selectin is induced by ischemia-reperfusion-like conditions in vitro. Neutrophils accumulate in post-hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat brain prior to the evolution of necrosis and neutrophil depletion attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; the mechanisms leading to post-hypoxic-ischemic neutrophil accumulation are unknown. We hypothesized that E-selectin might mediate post-hypoxic-ischemic injury in the immature brain, thus, we evaluated E- selectin gene expression by RT-PCR and protein accumulation by immunocytochemistry in post-hypoxic-ischemic neonatal (postnatal day 7) rat brain. METHODS: Neonatal rats (n=48) underwent right carotid ligation followed by 2h in 8% O2; this procedure typically produces ipsilateral striatal, hippocampal and cortical infarction. Controls included carotid ligation alone, hypoxia alone, and neither hypoxia nor ligation. For RNA extraction, rats were killed 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post-hypoxia-ischemia. For immunocytochemistry, rats were killed at 4 and 8 h. RESULTS: Ipsilateral(right-sided) E-selectin mRNA was markedly elevated in cortex, striatum and hippocampus at 4 and 8 h post-hypoxia-ischemia; expression decreased at 12 and 24 h and was no longer detectable at 48 h. E-selectin protein was detected predominantly in right striatum 8 h post-hypoxia-ischemia, in a pattern consistent with a vascular distribution. E-selectin mRNA was barely detectable in any controls. CONCLUSION: The temporal and spatial profiles of post-hypoxic-ischemic E-selectin mRNA and protein expression are consistent with a role in post-hypoxic-ischemic neutrophil recruitment and in the evolution of subsequent brain injury.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; E-Selectin* ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infarction ; Ligation ; Necrosis ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; Rats* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger* ; Selectins

No abstract available.
E-Selectin* ; Humans ; P-Selectin*

Selectins, carbohydrate-binding molecules, bind to fucosylated and sialylated glycoprotein ligands, and are found on endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets. They can be classified into E-, L- and P-selectins, and are involved in trafficking of cells of the innate immune system, T lymphocytes and platelets via binding with specific ligands. An absence of selectins or selectin ligands has serious consequences in mice or humans, leading to recurrent bacterial infections and persistent disease. Selectins are involved in constitutive lymphocyte homing and chronic and acute inflammation processes, including post-ischemic inflammation in muscle, kidney, heart, skin inflammation, atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis and lupus erythematosus. Selectin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, recombinant soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and small-molecule inhibitors of selectins have been tested in clinical trials on patients with multiple trauma, cardiac indications and pediatric asthma, respectively. Anti-selectin antibodies have also been successfully used in preclinical models to deliver imaging contrast agents and therapeutics to sites of inflammation. The contributions of selectins and selectin ligands to signalling deserve further study, which will allow a much more detailed analysis of the contributions of selectins in models of inflammation, haemostasis, haematopoiesis, wound healing, atherogenesis, and tumor metastasis.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asthma ; Atherosclerosis ; Bacterial Infections ; Contrast Media ; Endothelial Cells ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glycomics* ; Glycoproteins ; Heart ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Immune System ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Leukocytes ; Ligands ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Multiple Trauma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; P-Selectin ; Selectins ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes ; Wound Healing

Animals ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligosaccharides ; metabolism ; Selectins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Fucoidan is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds, with a wide variety of biological features, especially the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan related to its capacity to interact with the selectin or scavenger receptor on the cell membrane. Fucoidan can also inhibit the synthesis and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as promote its clearance, showing the anti-oxidative activity.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptors, Scavenger ; metabolism ; Seaweed ; chemistry ; Selectins ; metabolism

The interactions between blood cells and blood cells or blood cells and endothelium of blood vessel are mainly mediated by adhesion molecules. The role of adhesion molecules is diverse in vivo, which involved in adhesion, migration, differentiation and signal transduction of blood cells. The function of adhesion molecules is necessary to maintain the normal structure and fulfill many physiological processes of these cells. Therefore, the abnormal or deficiency of their expression and function will disrupts normal physiological processes and results in clinical disease. In this paper, several generic classes of adhesion molecules, including the integrins, the selectins, the immunoglobulin superfamily and others are introduced, and a lot of related physiopathological status, such as inflammation, hemostasis, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and stem cell homing are discussed. The studies on the adhesion molecules of blood cells will contribute not only to understand the pathogenesis of some disorders, but also to search new targets in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Arteriosclerosis ; etiology ; Blood Cells ; chemistry ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; etiology ; Integrins ; physiology ; Selectins ; physiology ; Thrombosis ; etiology

<p>OBJECTIVETo observe dynamically the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin (Ps) in the vascular endothelium in rats with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and the effect of Safflower Injection (SI).p><p>METHODSRats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group and the treatment group. PTE model was induced by intravenous injection of auto-blood clots, and SI was injected intravenously immediately after modelling with 2 ml/(kg d) for 5 days to the rats in the treatment group. Animals were sacrificed in batches at the 1st, 3rd, 24th, 72nd and 120th h after embolization to observe the pathological changes and detect the protein and mRNA expressions of ICAM-1 and Ps in pulmonary vascular endothelium by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively.p><p>RESULTSPathological observation showed obvious embolism in pulmonary arteries and inflammatory reaction after modelling, which was abated after SI treatment. ICAM-1 and Ps expressions were elevated at the 3rd and the 1st h after embolization respectively (both P < 0.01), which also were abated in the treatment group.p><p>CONCLUSIONSI may alleviate pulmonary injury in PTE rats by down-regulating the expressions of ICAM-1 and Ps.p>
Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Embolism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Selectins ; blood