1.Effect of fexofenadine, a mast cell blocker, in infertile men with significantly increased testicular mast cells.
Selahittin CAYAN ; Duygu Dusmez APA ; Erdem AKBAY
Asian Journal of Andrology 2002;4(4):291-294
AIMTo investigate the role of fexofenadine, a mast cell blocker, on semen quality in the treatment of infertile men.
METHODSThe study included 16 Turkish idiopathic infertile men with azoospermia or oligozoospermia who underwent testicular biopsy to examine mast cells containing tryptase. In all patients, a complete medical history, clinical examination, semen analysis and serum hormone assay were carried out. The biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained with antihuman tryptase for mast cells. The number of total mast cells per seminiferous tubule was calculated and recorded as mast cell index. The patients were divided into two groups according to their mast cell index: the higher (> or =1, n=9) and the lower (<1, n=7) index groups. Fexofenadine was administered orally at a dose of 180 mg/day for 4 to 9 months. Pre- and post-treatment semen parameters, including total motile sperm counts (TMC) were recorded and compared. Spontaneous pregnancies after the treatment were registered.
RESULTSThere was no statistically significant difference in TMC between the pre-treatment and post-treatment values in patients with higher and lower mast cell index (P> or =0.05). In both groups, nobody had a significant response to the treatment and there was no spontaneous pregnancy after the treatment.
CONCLUSIONAlthough testicular dysfunction is closely associated with increased number of testicular mast cells, fexofenadine, a mast cell blocker, appears not having any benefit in the treatment of Turkish infertile men with a significant increase in testicular mast cells.
Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Histamine H1 Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Semen ; drug effects ; physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Terfenadine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Testis ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Tryptases ; Turkey
2.Impact of Varicocele Repair on Assisted Reproductive Technique Outcomes in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayad PALANI ; Rossella CANNARELLA ; Ramadan SALEH ; Gianmaria SALVIO ; Ahmed M. HARRAZ ; Andrea CRAFA ; Fahmi BAHAR ; Kadir BOCU ; Naveen KUMAR ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Germar-Michael PINGGERA ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Giovanni M. COLPI ; Widi ATMOKO ; Rupin SHAH ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):344-348
Purpose:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated assisted reproductive technology (ART) success in infertile men with clinical varicocele and abnormal semen parameters who underwent varicocele repair (VR) before the ART procedure as compared to those who did not.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using a specific query string to identify studies examining the impact of VR on ART outcomes, including fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live-birth rate, until October 2023. Outcomes were analyzed based on the type of ART. Studies on VR in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and those who underwent ART only due to female factor infertility were excluded from the study.
Results:
Out of 1,554 articles reviewed, only 9 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the included articles were observational studies. The variability in study quality in the included literature resulted in a moderate overall risk of bias. Data analysis showed that for intrauterine insemination, there was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 2.45; p=0.97). However, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), men with VR showed a significant improvement in fertilization rate (mean difference 10.9, 95% CI: 5.94, 15.89; p<0.01), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.78; p=0.01) and live-birth rate (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97; p<0.01), compared to men who did not undergo VR.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VR has a positive impact on pregnancy and live birth rates after ICSI. However, biases like small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations highlight the need for larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate these findings.
3.Impact of Varicocele Repair on Assisted Reproductive Technique Outcomes in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayad PALANI ; Rossella CANNARELLA ; Ramadan SALEH ; Gianmaria SALVIO ; Ahmed M. HARRAZ ; Andrea CRAFA ; Fahmi BAHAR ; Kadir BOCU ; Naveen KUMAR ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Germar-Michael PINGGERA ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Giovanni M. COLPI ; Widi ATMOKO ; Rupin SHAH ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):344-348
Purpose:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated assisted reproductive technology (ART) success in infertile men with clinical varicocele and abnormal semen parameters who underwent varicocele repair (VR) before the ART procedure as compared to those who did not.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using a specific query string to identify studies examining the impact of VR on ART outcomes, including fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live-birth rate, until October 2023. Outcomes were analyzed based on the type of ART. Studies on VR in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and those who underwent ART only due to female factor infertility were excluded from the study.
Results:
Out of 1,554 articles reviewed, only 9 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the included articles were observational studies. The variability in study quality in the included literature resulted in a moderate overall risk of bias. Data analysis showed that for intrauterine insemination, there was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 2.45; p=0.97). However, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), men with VR showed a significant improvement in fertilization rate (mean difference 10.9, 95% CI: 5.94, 15.89; p<0.01), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.78; p=0.01) and live-birth rate (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97; p<0.01), compared to men who did not undergo VR.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VR has a positive impact on pregnancy and live birth rates after ICSI. However, biases like small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations highlight the need for larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate these findings.
4.Impact of Varicocele Repair on Assisted Reproductive Technique Outcomes in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayad PALANI ; Rossella CANNARELLA ; Ramadan SALEH ; Gianmaria SALVIO ; Ahmed M. HARRAZ ; Andrea CRAFA ; Fahmi BAHAR ; Kadir BOCU ; Naveen KUMAR ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Germar-Michael PINGGERA ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Giovanni M. COLPI ; Widi ATMOKO ; Rupin SHAH ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):344-348
Purpose:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated assisted reproductive technology (ART) success in infertile men with clinical varicocele and abnormal semen parameters who underwent varicocele repair (VR) before the ART procedure as compared to those who did not.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using a specific query string to identify studies examining the impact of VR on ART outcomes, including fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live-birth rate, until October 2023. Outcomes were analyzed based on the type of ART. Studies on VR in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and those who underwent ART only due to female factor infertility were excluded from the study.
Results:
Out of 1,554 articles reviewed, only 9 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the included articles were observational studies. The variability in study quality in the included literature resulted in a moderate overall risk of bias. Data analysis showed that for intrauterine insemination, there was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 2.45; p=0.97). However, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), men with VR showed a significant improvement in fertilization rate (mean difference 10.9, 95% CI: 5.94, 15.89; p<0.01), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.78; p=0.01) and live-birth rate (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97; p<0.01), compared to men who did not undergo VR.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VR has a positive impact on pregnancy and live birth rates after ICSI. However, biases like small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations highlight the need for larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate these findings.
5.Impact of Varicocele Repair on Assisted Reproductive Technique Outcomes in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayad PALANI ; Rossella CANNARELLA ; Ramadan SALEH ; Gianmaria SALVIO ; Ahmed M. HARRAZ ; Andrea CRAFA ; Fahmi BAHAR ; Kadir BOCU ; Naveen KUMAR ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Germar-Michael PINGGERA ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Giovanni M. COLPI ; Widi ATMOKO ; Rupin SHAH ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):344-348
Purpose:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated assisted reproductive technology (ART) success in infertile men with clinical varicocele and abnormal semen parameters who underwent varicocele repair (VR) before the ART procedure as compared to those who did not.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using a specific query string to identify studies examining the impact of VR on ART outcomes, including fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live-birth rate, until October 2023. Outcomes were analyzed based on the type of ART. Studies on VR in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and those who underwent ART only due to female factor infertility were excluded from the study.
Results:
Out of 1,554 articles reviewed, only 9 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the included articles were observational studies. The variability in study quality in the included literature resulted in a moderate overall risk of bias. Data analysis showed that for intrauterine insemination, there was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 2.45; p=0.97). However, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), men with VR showed a significant improvement in fertilization rate (mean difference 10.9, 95% CI: 5.94, 15.89; p<0.01), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.78; p=0.01) and live-birth rate (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97; p<0.01), compared to men who did not undergo VR.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VR has a positive impact on pregnancy and live birth rates after ICSI. However, biases like small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations highlight the need for larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate these findings.
6.Impact of Varicocele Repair on Assisted Reproductive Technique Outcomes in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayad PALANI ; Rossella CANNARELLA ; Ramadan SALEH ; Gianmaria SALVIO ; Ahmed M. HARRAZ ; Andrea CRAFA ; Fahmi BAHAR ; Kadir BOCU ; Naveen KUMAR ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Germar-Michael PINGGERA ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Giovanni M. COLPI ; Widi ATMOKO ; Rupin SHAH ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):344-348
Purpose:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated assisted reproductive technology (ART) success in infertile men with clinical varicocele and abnormal semen parameters who underwent varicocele repair (VR) before the ART procedure as compared to those who did not.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using a specific query string to identify studies examining the impact of VR on ART outcomes, including fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live-birth rate, until October 2023. Outcomes were analyzed based on the type of ART. Studies on VR in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and those who underwent ART only due to female factor infertility were excluded from the study.
Results:
Out of 1,554 articles reviewed, only 9 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the included articles were observational studies. The variability in study quality in the included literature resulted in a moderate overall risk of bias. Data analysis showed that for intrauterine insemination, there was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 2.45; p=0.97). However, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), men with VR showed a significant improvement in fertilization rate (mean difference 10.9, 95% CI: 5.94, 15.89; p<0.01), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.78; p=0.01) and live-birth rate (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.97; p<0.01), compared to men who did not undergo VR.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VR has a positive impact on pregnancy and live birth rates after ICSI. However, biases like small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations highlight the need for larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate these findings.
7.Regenerative Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction:A Survey on Current Global Practice Trends and GAF Expert Recommendations
Manaf Al HASHIMI ; Germar-M PINGGERA ; Taymour MOSTAFA ; Amarnath RAMBHATLA ; Taha HAMODA ; Rupin SHAH ; Eric CHUNG ; Ahmed HARRAZ ; Mohamed ARAFA ; Tuncay TOPRAK ; Omer RAHEEM ; Carlo GIULIONI ; Ponco BIROWO ; Luca BOERI ; Yassir JASSIM ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Ranjit VISHWAKARMA ; Bahadir SAHIN ; Widi ATMOKO ; Safar GAMIDOV ; Cesar ROJAS-CRUZ ; Darren KATZ ; Adriano FREGONESI ; Nazim GHERABI ; Armand ZINI ; Christopher Chee Kong HO ; Mohamed S. AL-MARHOON ; Marlon MARTINEZ ; Giorgio Ivan RUSSO ; Ayman RASHED ; Gian Maria BUSETTO ; Edmund KO ; Hyun Jun PARK ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Ramadan SALEH ; Osvaldo RAJMIL ; Dong Suk KIM ; Giovanni COLPI ; Ryan SMITH ; Maged RAGAB ; Ates KADIOGLU ; Quang NGUYEN ; Kadir BOCU ; Ahmed EL-SAKKA ; Charalampos THOMAS ; Hussain M ALNAJJAR ; Hiva ALIPOUR ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):359-375
Purpose:
This study aimed to examine current global practices in regenerative therapy (RT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and to establish expert recommendations for its use, addressing the current lack of solid evidence and standardized guidelines.
Materials and Methods:
A 39-question survey was developed by senior Global Andrology Forum (GAF) experts to comprehensively cover clinical aspects of RT. This was distributed globally via a secure online Google Form to ED specialists through the GAF website, international professional societies, and social media, the responses were analyzed and presented for frequencies as percentages. Consensus on expert recommendations for RT use was achieved using the Delphi method.
Results:
Out of 479 respondents from 62 countries, a third reported using RT for ED. The most popular treatment was low-intensity shock wave therapy (54.6%), followed by platelet-rich plasma (24.5%) and their combination (14.7%), with stem cell therapy being the least used (3.7%). The primary indication for RT was the refractory or adverse effects of PDE5 inhibitors, with the best effectiveness reported in middle-aged and mild-to-moderate ED patients. Respondents were confident about its overall safety, with a significant number expressing interest in RT’s future use, despite pending guidelines support.
Conclusions
This inaugural global survey reveals a growing use of RT in ED treatment, showcasing its diverse clinical applications and potential for future widespread adoption. However, the lack of comprehensive evidence and clear guidelines requires further research to standardize RT practices in ED treatment.
8.Regenerative Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction:A Survey on Current Global Practice Trends and GAF Expert Recommendations
Manaf Al HASHIMI ; Germar-M PINGGERA ; Taymour MOSTAFA ; Amarnath RAMBHATLA ; Taha HAMODA ; Rupin SHAH ; Eric CHUNG ; Ahmed HARRAZ ; Mohamed ARAFA ; Tuncay TOPRAK ; Omer RAHEEM ; Carlo GIULIONI ; Ponco BIROWO ; Luca BOERI ; Yassir JASSIM ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Ranjit VISHWAKARMA ; Bahadir SAHIN ; Widi ATMOKO ; Safar GAMIDOV ; Cesar ROJAS-CRUZ ; Darren KATZ ; Adriano FREGONESI ; Nazim GHERABI ; Armand ZINI ; Christopher Chee Kong HO ; Mohamed S. AL-MARHOON ; Marlon MARTINEZ ; Giorgio Ivan RUSSO ; Ayman RASHED ; Gian Maria BUSETTO ; Edmund KO ; Hyun Jun PARK ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Ramadan SALEH ; Osvaldo RAJMIL ; Dong Suk KIM ; Giovanni COLPI ; Ryan SMITH ; Maged RAGAB ; Ates KADIOGLU ; Quang NGUYEN ; Kadir BOCU ; Ahmed EL-SAKKA ; Charalampos THOMAS ; Hussain M ALNAJJAR ; Hiva ALIPOUR ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):359-375
Purpose:
This study aimed to examine current global practices in regenerative therapy (RT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and to establish expert recommendations for its use, addressing the current lack of solid evidence and standardized guidelines.
Materials and Methods:
A 39-question survey was developed by senior Global Andrology Forum (GAF) experts to comprehensively cover clinical aspects of RT. This was distributed globally via a secure online Google Form to ED specialists through the GAF website, international professional societies, and social media, the responses were analyzed and presented for frequencies as percentages. Consensus on expert recommendations for RT use was achieved using the Delphi method.
Results:
Out of 479 respondents from 62 countries, a third reported using RT for ED. The most popular treatment was low-intensity shock wave therapy (54.6%), followed by platelet-rich plasma (24.5%) and their combination (14.7%), with stem cell therapy being the least used (3.7%). The primary indication for RT was the refractory or adverse effects of PDE5 inhibitors, with the best effectiveness reported in middle-aged and mild-to-moderate ED patients. Respondents were confident about its overall safety, with a significant number expressing interest in RT’s future use, despite pending guidelines support.
Conclusions
This inaugural global survey reveals a growing use of RT in ED treatment, showcasing its diverse clinical applications and potential for future widespread adoption. However, the lack of comprehensive evidence and clear guidelines requires further research to standardize RT practices in ED treatment.
9.Regenerative Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction:A Survey on Current Global Practice Trends and GAF Expert Recommendations
Manaf Al HASHIMI ; Germar-M PINGGERA ; Taymour MOSTAFA ; Amarnath RAMBHATLA ; Taha HAMODA ; Rupin SHAH ; Eric CHUNG ; Ahmed HARRAZ ; Mohamed ARAFA ; Tuncay TOPRAK ; Omer RAHEEM ; Carlo GIULIONI ; Ponco BIROWO ; Luca BOERI ; Yassir JASSIM ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Ranjit VISHWAKARMA ; Bahadir SAHIN ; Widi ATMOKO ; Safar GAMIDOV ; Cesar ROJAS-CRUZ ; Darren KATZ ; Adriano FREGONESI ; Nazim GHERABI ; Armand ZINI ; Christopher Chee Kong HO ; Mohamed S. AL-MARHOON ; Marlon MARTINEZ ; Giorgio Ivan RUSSO ; Ayman RASHED ; Gian Maria BUSETTO ; Edmund KO ; Hyun Jun PARK ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Ramadan SALEH ; Osvaldo RAJMIL ; Dong Suk KIM ; Giovanni COLPI ; Ryan SMITH ; Maged RAGAB ; Ates KADIOGLU ; Quang NGUYEN ; Kadir BOCU ; Ahmed EL-SAKKA ; Charalampos THOMAS ; Hussain M ALNAJJAR ; Hiva ALIPOUR ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):359-375
Purpose:
This study aimed to examine current global practices in regenerative therapy (RT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and to establish expert recommendations for its use, addressing the current lack of solid evidence and standardized guidelines.
Materials and Methods:
A 39-question survey was developed by senior Global Andrology Forum (GAF) experts to comprehensively cover clinical aspects of RT. This was distributed globally via a secure online Google Form to ED specialists through the GAF website, international professional societies, and social media, the responses were analyzed and presented for frequencies as percentages. Consensus on expert recommendations for RT use was achieved using the Delphi method.
Results:
Out of 479 respondents from 62 countries, a third reported using RT for ED. The most popular treatment was low-intensity shock wave therapy (54.6%), followed by platelet-rich plasma (24.5%) and their combination (14.7%), with stem cell therapy being the least used (3.7%). The primary indication for RT was the refractory or adverse effects of PDE5 inhibitors, with the best effectiveness reported in middle-aged and mild-to-moderate ED patients. Respondents were confident about its overall safety, with a significant number expressing interest in RT’s future use, despite pending guidelines support.
Conclusions
This inaugural global survey reveals a growing use of RT in ED treatment, showcasing its diverse clinical applications and potential for future widespread adoption. However, the lack of comprehensive evidence and clear guidelines requires further research to standardize RT practices in ED treatment.
10.Regenerative Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction:A Survey on Current Global Practice Trends and GAF Expert Recommendations
Manaf Al HASHIMI ; Germar-M PINGGERA ; Taymour MOSTAFA ; Amarnath RAMBHATLA ; Taha HAMODA ; Rupin SHAH ; Eric CHUNG ; Ahmed HARRAZ ; Mohamed ARAFA ; Tuncay TOPRAK ; Omer RAHEEM ; Carlo GIULIONI ; Ponco BIROWO ; Luca BOERI ; Yassir JASSIM ; Priyank KOTHARI ; Ranjit VISHWAKARMA ; Bahadir SAHIN ; Widi ATMOKO ; Safar GAMIDOV ; Cesar ROJAS-CRUZ ; Darren KATZ ; Adriano FREGONESI ; Nazim GHERABI ; Armand ZINI ; Christopher Chee Kong HO ; Mohamed S. AL-MARHOON ; Marlon MARTINEZ ; Giorgio Ivan RUSSO ; Ayman RASHED ; Gian Maria BUSETTO ; Edmund KO ; Hyun Jun PARK ; Selahittin CAYAN ; Ramadan SALEH ; Osvaldo RAJMIL ; Dong Suk KIM ; Giovanni COLPI ; Ryan SMITH ; Maged RAGAB ; Ates KADIOGLU ; Quang NGUYEN ; Kadir BOCU ; Ahmed EL-SAKKA ; Charalampos THOMAS ; Hussain M ALNAJJAR ; Hiva ALIPOUR ; Ashok AGARWAL
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(2):359-375
Purpose:
This study aimed to examine current global practices in regenerative therapy (RT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and to establish expert recommendations for its use, addressing the current lack of solid evidence and standardized guidelines.
Materials and Methods:
A 39-question survey was developed by senior Global Andrology Forum (GAF) experts to comprehensively cover clinical aspects of RT. This was distributed globally via a secure online Google Form to ED specialists through the GAF website, international professional societies, and social media, the responses were analyzed and presented for frequencies as percentages. Consensus on expert recommendations for RT use was achieved using the Delphi method.
Results:
Out of 479 respondents from 62 countries, a third reported using RT for ED. The most popular treatment was low-intensity shock wave therapy (54.6%), followed by platelet-rich plasma (24.5%) and their combination (14.7%), with stem cell therapy being the least used (3.7%). The primary indication for RT was the refractory or adverse effects of PDE5 inhibitors, with the best effectiveness reported in middle-aged and mild-to-moderate ED patients. Respondents were confident about its overall safety, with a significant number expressing interest in RT’s future use, despite pending guidelines support.
Conclusions
This inaugural global survey reveals a growing use of RT in ED treatment, showcasing its diverse clinical applications and potential for future widespread adoption. However, the lack of comprehensive evidence and clear guidelines requires further research to standardize RT practices in ED treatment.