Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune thrombocytopenia with a usually benign clinical course. Bleedings are mostly of the mucocutaneous type with mild symptoms. Massive bleedings requiring transfusion are rarely seen, unless the number of platelets decreases to extremely low levels. In this case, bilateral perirenal hematoma and bilateral distal ureteral stones were detected on a non-contrast computed tomography scan of a 57-year-old male patient who developed macroscopic hematuria during his treatment in the clinics of internal medicine because of left flank pain and diffuse petechial rashes all over his body. The patient, who had been receiving chronic ITP treatment for 1 year, had a very low platelet count (4,000/mm3). The patient was prescribed bed rest, and his platelet count increased to a safe level for surgical intervention of above 50,000/mm3 with administration of prednisolone, intravenous immune globulin, and platelet suspension. A stone-free state was achieved after bilateral ureterorenoscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy. A conservative approach was followed for the perirenal hematoma. Upon regression of the perirenal hematoma, the patient was discharged at 9 weeks postoperatively.
Bed Rest ; Blood Platelets ; Exanthema ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Internal Medicine ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count ; Prednisolone ; Purpura ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Thrombocytopenia ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are two common findings on prostate biopsies. Knowing the frequency of a prostate cancer diagnosis on repeat biopsies would aid primary treating physicians regarding their decisions in suspicious cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-three patients in whom biopsies revealed ASAP or HGPIN or both were enrolled in the present study; prostate cancer was not reported in the biopsy specimens and at least one repeat biopsy was performed. Age, digital rectal examination findings, prostate volumes, and free and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the biopsy results of the patients were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 97 patients with ASAP on the first set of biopsies, prostate cancer was diagnosed in the second and third biopsies of 32 and 6 patients, respectively. Prostate cancer was not detected in the second or third biopsies of the 40 patients with HGPIN in the first biopsy. Of the 6 patients with ASAP+HGPIN in the first biopsy, prostate cancer was detected in 3 patients in the second biopsy and in 1 patient in the third biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of ASAP is a strong risk factor for prostate cancer. A repeat biopsy should be performed for the entire prostate subsequent to the diagnosis of ASAP. In patients with HGPIN according to the biopsy result, the clinical decision should be based on other parameters, such as PSA values and rectal examination, and a repeat biopsy should be avoided if the initial biopsy was performed with multiple sampling.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Risk Factors