1.Clinical Features of Seizures in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Hyun Kyung KIM ; Bum Sik CHIN ; Hyoung Shik SHIN
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(6):694-699
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a higher burden of seizures, but few studies have examined seizures in HIV-infected individuals in Korea. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of seizures in patients with HIV infection. Among a total of 1,141 patients, 34 (3%) had seizures or epilepsy; 4 of these individuals had epilepsy before HIV infection, and the others showed new-onset seizures. Most patients exhibited moderate (200 to 500, n = 13) or low (below 200, n = 16) CD4 counts. The most common seizure etiology was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (n = 14), followed by other HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications (n = 6). Imaging studies revealed brain lesions in 21 patients. A total of 9 patients experienced only one seizure during the follow-up period, and 25 patients experienced multiple seizures or status epilepticus (n = 2). Multiple seizures were more common in patients with brain etiologies (P = 0.019) or epileptiform discharges on EEG (P = 0.032). Most seizures were controlled without anticonvulsants (n = 12) or with a single anticonvulsant (n = 12). Among patients with HIV infection, seizures are significantly more prevalent than in the general population. Most seizures, with the exception of status epilepticus, have a benign clinical course and few complications.
Adult
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Aged
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Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
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Causality
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Comorbidity
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Electroencephalography/*statistics & numerical data
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Female
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HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology
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Humans
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Incidence
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Longitudinal Studies
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Republic of Korea/epidemiology
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Risk Factors
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Seizures/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control
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Treatment Outcome