No abstract available.
Aortic Valve ; Bicuspid ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Valve Diseases

Objectives: To determine the effect of hot bathing on blood circulation, we analyzed pressure wave using Wave Intensity (WI), which is defined as changes in blood pressure (dP)×changes in blood flow velocity (dV) during hot bathing, as the index for assessment.
Methods: Using a combined Doppler and ultrasonic echo-tracking system, we recorded changes in vascular diameter (dD) and dV of the common carotid artery simultaneously in six healthy subjects before (Pre-bathing), during (Bathing), and 10 minutes after bathing (41°C) (Post-bathing). We then measured the product of their changes at fixed intervals as WI and evaluated the positive component of the early systolic phase (FE) (representing the forward-traveling pressure wave), negative components following FE (B) (representing the reflection pressure wave), and the appearance time of (RT). RT was measured as the percentage ratio.
Results: 1) The magnitudes of FE and B tended to decrease during 10min of bathing (Bathing) and recover to the level of the pre-bathing stage after 10min of bathing. 2) The value of RT measured after 10min of bathing (Post-bathing) was significantly longer than the level before bathing (Pre-bathing).
Conclusion: The effect of the reflection pressure wave (i. e., the after load on the vascular system) decresses during hot bathing. We can thus conjecture that the time phase of appearance of the reflecting pressure wave is delayed when the arrival time of the forwardtraveling pressure wave to the periphery is delayed and the propagation of the reflection pressure wave from the periphery slows down due to the expansion of vessels during hot bathing. Hot bating can therefore be expected to reduce after loads of healthy adult subjects.

PURPOSE: To introduce a new simple technique using suture anchors and ceramic spacers to stabilize the elevated laminae in open-door cervical laminoplasty. Although ceramic spacers were placed in the opened laminae and fixed with nylon threads in this series, it was occasionally difficult to fix the nylon threads to the lateral mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study 1: A preliminary study was conducted using a suture anchor system. Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy were prospectively examined. Study 2: The second study was performed prospectively to evaluate the feasibility of this new technique based on the result of the preliminary study. Clinical outcomes were examined in 45 consecutive patients [cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)] and 43 consecutive patients (OPLL). The Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system (JOA score), axial neck pain, and radiological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) In one case, re-operation was necessary due to dislodgement of the ceramic spacer following rupture of the thread. 2) In all patients, postoperative CT scans showed that the anchors were securely inserted into the bone. In the CSM group, the average JOA score improved from 9.5 points preoperatively to 13.3 at follow-up (recovery 51%). In the OPLL group, the average JOA score improved from 10.1 (5-14) points preoperatively to 14.4 (11-16) at follow-up (recovery 62%). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: The use of the suture anchor system made it unnecessary to create a hole in the lateral mass and enabled reliable and faster fixation of the HA spacers in open-door laminoplasty.
Adult ; Aged ; *Ceramics ; Cervical Vertebrae/radiography ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminoplasty/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases/*surgery ; Suture Anchors ; *Sutures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. PURPOSE: We considered the relationship between spinal alignment and skeletal muscle mass on clinical outcomes following a surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There are no reports of preoperative factors predicting residual low back pain following surgery for LSS. METHODS: Our target population included 34 women (mean age, 74.4 years) who underwent surgery for LSS. Prior to and 6 months after the surgery, systemic bone mineral density and lean soft tissue mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated as the sum of the arm and leg lean mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. The spinal alignment was also measured. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system, leg and low back pain Visual Analog Scale, and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Additionally, we examined the bone mineral density, skeletal muscle mass, and spinal alignment before and after the surgery. We used the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the associations among clinical outcomes, preoperative muscle mass, and spinal alignment. RESULTS: Sarcopenia (SMI <5.46) was observed in nine subjects (26.5%). Compared with normal subjects (SMI >6.12), RDQ was significantly higher in subjects with sarcopenia (p=0.04). RDQ was significantly negatively correlated with SMI (r=−0.42, p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between postoperative RDQ and pelvic tilt (PT; r=0.41, p<0.05). SMI and PT were significantly negatively correlated (r=−0.39, r<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Good postoperative outcomes were negatively correlated with low preoperative appendicular muscle mass, suggesting that postoperative outcomes were inferior in cases of decreased appendicular muscle mass (sarcopenia). Posterior PT due to decreased limb muscle mass may contribute to postoperative back pain, showing that preoperatively reduced limb muscle mass and posterior PT are predictive factors in the persistence of postoperative low back pain.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Arm ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Back Pain ; Bone Density ; Extremities ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Observational Study ; Orthopedics ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcopenia ; Spinal Stenosis ; Visual Analog Scale

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between toe muscular strengths and single and/or repetitive jump performances on different directions (vertical or horizontal) in athletes. Thirty two male collegiate students participated (athletes group n=24, control group n=8). Two types of measurements were performed to evaluate toe muscular strengths: toe pushing force (TPF) with the metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) at neutral position (0°) and the MPJ in the dorsiflexed position (45°). Jump performances were assessed by press jump (vertical jump and standing broad jump) that measures jumping height or distance, and rebound jump (rebound jump and repetitive hopping) that measures “RJ-index” (the jumping height divided by the contact time). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the toe muscular strengths and the performances of each jumping test. There were significant correlations between TPF with the MPJ in the dorsiflexed position and the performances of the repetitive hopping and rebound jump in athletes (P<0.05), but no significant correlations were found in controls. Also, there were no significant correlation between TPF and the performances of vertical jump and standing broad jump of all groups. These results suggest that, TPF in the dorsiflexed positions is one of the indicators that affect repetitive jump performance.

PURPOSE: The pathological mechanism of lumbar spinal stenosis is reduced blood flow in nerve roots and degeneration of nerve roots. Exercise and prostaglandin E1 is used for patients with peripheral arterial disease to increase capillary flow around the main artery and improve symptoms; however, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), an estimation of blood flow in the main artery in the leg, does not change after treatment. Lumbar spinal nerve roots contain somatosensory, somatomotor, and unmyelinated autonomic nerves. Improved blood flow by medication with prostaglandin E1 and decompression surgery in these spinal nerve roots may improve the function of nerve fibers innervating muscle, capillary, and main vessels in the lower leg, resulting in an increased ABI. The purpose of the study was to examine whether these treatments can improve ABI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seven patients who received conservative treatment such as exercise and medication (n=56) or surgical treatment (n=51) were included. Low back pain and leg pain scores, walking distance, and ABI were measured before treatment and after 3 months of conservative treatment alone or surgical treatment followed by conservative treatment. RESULTS: Low back pain, leg pain, and walking distance significantly improved after both treatments (p<0.05). ABI significantly increased in each group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first investigation of changes in ABI after treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Improvement of the spinal nerve roots by medication and decompression surgery may improve the supply of blood flow to the lower leg in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alprostadil/therapeutic use ; *Ankle Brachial Index ; Decompression, Surgical/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/drug therapy/physiopathology/surgery/*therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/surgery ; Spinal Nerve Roots/physiopathology ; Spinal Stenosis/physiopathology/*surgery/*therapy ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of conservative and surgical treatments for nocturnal leg cramps in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Nocturnal leg cramps is frequently observed in patients with peripheral neuropathy. However, there have been few reports on the relationship between nocturnal leg cramps and LSS, and it remains unknown whether conservative or surgical intervention has an impact on leg cramps in patients with LSS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 130 LSS patients with low back and leg pain. Conservative treatment such as exercise, medication, and epidural block was used in 66 patients and surgical treatment such as decompression or decompression and fusion was performed in 64 patients. Pain scores and frequency of nocturnal leg cramps were evaluated based on self-reported questionnaires completed before and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: The severity of low back and leg pain was higher and the incidence of nocturnal leg cramps was significantly higher before treatment in the surgically treated group compared with the conservatively treated group. Pain scores improved in both groups after the intervention. The incidence of nocturnal leg cramps was significantly improved by surgical treatment (p=0.027), but not by conservative treatment (p=0.122). CONCLUSION: The findings of this prospective study indicate that the prevalence of nocturnal leg cramps is associated with LSS and severity of symptoms. Pain symptoms were improved by conservative or surgical treatment, but only surgery improved nocturnal leg cramps in patients with LSS. Thus, these results indicate that the prevalence of nocturnal leg cramps is associated with spinal nerve compression by LSS.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Leg/*pathology ; Low Back Pain/epidemiology/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/*epidemiology/*etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Questionnaires ; Spinal Stenosis/*complications/*physiopathology/surgery