No abstract available.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Cell Line* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans*

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between first-year (n=97) and second-year medical students (n=102) in their reactions to a community-based early clinical exposure program. Questionnaires completed after their participation in the program showed that first-and second-year students did not differ in their interest in practical training in nursing homes and wards of the university hospital or in a presentation given by a family member of a cancer patient who had died in the hospital (Chi square test, p<0.05). However, second-year students were more likely to report that they understood the family's presentation well, whereas first-year students were more likely to report they could communicate with elderly or disabled persons. Several facilities in the community criticized the students' attitudes toward practical training. We believe the reason for the criticism was insufficient advance preparation.

We verified the educational outcomes and effects of the practice of Problem-based learning (PBL) on the theme of Kampo medicine and the continuous academic support. From 2013 to 2021, we conducted Kampo PBL for second-year medical students, and compared the results of Kampo exams in the fourth year between Kampo PBL participants and non-participants. Moreover, the learning obtained through subsequent academic activities was extracted from their free-form text. Kampo PBL was performed for a total of 26 groups. Participants who underwent Kampo PBL (n = 72) scored significantly higher than those who did not (n = 734) (p<0.05). In addition, academic support resulted in 5 academic presentations in an academic conference and 3 articles published in academic journals. The lessons learned included “concretization of understanding of Kampo medicine,” “valuable experience in academic activities,” and “promoting motivation and its impact on the future.” Kampo PBL improved knowledge about Kampo medicine, and academic activities cultivated the research mind.

Purpose: Naldemedine is a peripheral µ-opioid receptor antagonist, including the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) . However, diarrhea is known as its side effect. We conducted a study focusing on the administration period of opioid analgesics before the start of naldemedine to clear predictors of diarrhea due to Naldemedine. Method: All data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical record system. We investigated patients who initially administrated naldemedine at Nagasaki University Hospital from June 1 2017 to March 31 2019. Result: One hundred thirty-two patients were subject of investigation. The incidence of diarrhea was 25.0%. The result of the multivariate analysis showed that significant predictors of diarrhea were associated with the opioid analgesics usage period longer than 7 days before naldemedine initiation (odds ratio: 3.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.53-9.20, p=0.004). Discussion: When naldemedine was used for OIC, diarrhea may be avoided by using within 7 days after opioid analgesics.