The purpose of this study was to identify the Effect of Hand Reflexology on Saeng-chi of physiologic, emotional & motivational responses and Immunity in ESRD patients who received hemodialysis in two general hospital from June to September, 2001. A two group quasi-experimental research with pre and post test design was used. The number of participants in the experimental group was 23, and in the control group, 20. The Hand Reflexology Intervention was developed by the researcher based on hand reflexology by Carter & Weber and Chi-massage by Chia. The Hand Reflexology was applied to both hands for 10 minutes per day, and 5 days by 5 times. To evaluate the effects of the program, pre and post evaluations were done. In the physiologic response, the PR was decreased at the 1st times post treatment and at the 5th. In addition BP was decreased at the 1st time, but not the 5th. After 5 treatments, there were significant increase in Hb and significant decreases in the BUN and Cr. levels in the experimental group. In the emotional and motivational responses, there were significant increases in vigor, mood, uplifts and self care agency scores in the experimental group. but there was no significant difference in the Rosenberg's self esteem score.In the experimental group, significantly increased CD4, and h/s ratios were found, also NK cells were significantly decreased, and there was a decrease in the CD8. However, no significant differences between groups were observed. There were significant increases in CD32, CD33, CD34 in the experimental group. The self care agency score correlated negatively with the CD8. From the above results, Hand Reflexology is shown to be an effective mind-body nursing intervention for enhancing Saeng-chi responses and affecting some of the immune responses. However, Immune cell activation and differentiation with hand reflexology will be achieved with future study.
Hand* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Massage* ; Nursing ; Renal Dialysis ; Self Care ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of self-administered hand reflexology on level of fatigue in college student nurses during clinical practice. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental research with pre and post-test design was used. Forty-seven student nurses in clinical practice were assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed self-hand reflexology for 10 minutes once a day during the 5 days of clinical practice. RESULTS: 1. While there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue and fatigue scores in the experimental group over time, there was no significant difference between the two groups. 2. Vigor score for the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group during the 5 days except for day 5, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Levels of fatigue for the experimental group increased after 1 hour in the 1st post time, but there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Self-administered hand reflexology was not found to be an effective method for relieving fatigue for student nurses in clinical practice. Also physiological effects were not identified in this study, and so further research is needed.
Complementary Therapies ; Fatigue* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of Qi hand reflexology on autonomic nerve activity in patients admitted to hospital. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group and quasi-experimental research with pre/post test design were used and 59 patients on a medical ward were assigned to either the experimental group (32) or the control group (27). The study variables included vital signs, autonomic nerve activities (ALF (absolute low frequency), AHF (absolute high frequency), nLF (normalized low frequency), nHF (normalized high frequency), SDNN (standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals)) and were evaluated using the QECG-3 system. The experimental group was treated with Qi hand reflexology for 10 minutes per day, for 3days. RESULTS: Skin temperature and systolic blood pressure in the experimental decreased with treatment. ALF, AHF and SDNN for the experimental group increased with regulating proportion (nLF: nHF=6:4) and a significant difference between the groups was observed. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that application of Qi hand reflexology for patients in the hospital is effective in regulating the autonomic nervous system activation. Implication of finding should be useful for future research.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways ; Blood Pressure ; Hand ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Massage ; Qi ; Skin Temperature ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

We performed clinical and virological studies on 79 children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) who had been admitted or visited to the department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center from February to August, 1990. The results were as follows; 1) There were total of 79 cases with hand, foot and mouth disease during this period. The aseptic meningitis was combined in 18 cases (22.8%). 2) The male-to-female ratio of HFMD was 2.03 to 1, but that of aseptic meningitis was 8 to 1. 3) Hand, foot and mouth disease occurred more frequently in under the age of 5 years, and the aseptic meningitis in under the age of 1 year. 4) Hand, foot and mouth disease and the aseptic meningitis occurred mostly in May and June. 5) In addition to the skin manifestations characteristic in hand, foot and mouth disease, some of the patients with aseptic meningitis had the following symptoms: change of consiousness, seizure, monoparesis in the upper extremity, paraparesis in the lower extremity. 6) The causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease associated with the aseptic meningitis in Seoul in 1990 seemed to be enterovirus 71 according to the serologic study.
Animals ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Enterovirus ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Hand* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Paraparesis ; Paresis ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Seoul* ; Skin Manifestations ; Upper Extremity

The authors have intended to measure intrinsic dose distribution by Farmer dosimeter in irregularly shaped fields such as L.M. and T shape models in order to determine dose in homogeneity in those models. We made 2 off-xis points in each model and measured the depth dose at 1.5, 5 and 9cm below surface. The results showed 1~3% dose discrepancy between 2 points. We also measured the depth dose by geometric approximation and computer calculation in those models, and came to the conclusion that computer calculation using Clarkson's principle is simpler and the measurements are closer to the ideal data obtained by the experiment in three models of irregularly shaped fields than those of geometric approximation method.

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study attempts to determine the endocrinologic characteristics and changes in glucose metabolism before/during pregnancy according to different body weights in women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: 94 women dia with PCOS were evaluated through measuring serum hormone levels and oral glucose tolerance tests preconceptionally and gestationally. RESULTS: In patients who were of normal weight showed significantly increased serum LH levels compared to those who were overweight (12.8+/-0.9 Vs. 7.1+/-0.8 mIU/ml, p= 0.000), and the serum levels of insulin was increased significantly in the overweight group (7.1+/-0.7 Vs. 15.2+/-2.8 ulU/ml, p= 0.000). the IGFBP-I (32.8+/-10.6 Vs. 8.3+/-2.5 ng/ml, p=0.034) and SHBG (55.8+/-4.2 Vs. 37.1+/-3.1 nmol/ml, p= 0.001) were significantly lower in the ovnweight group. The oral glucose tolerance test before/after pregnancy showed increased frequency of abnormal glucose metabolism, in both of the non-obese group (38.8%, 26,9%) and the obese group (64.2%, 53.9%) compared with normal population. CONCLUSION: It is thought that in the normal weight group with polycystic ovarian syndrome androgen production is stimulated in the theca cells by abnormally high LH secretion, while in the overweight group the hyperinsulinemia state which decreases the SHBG and IGFBP-I, lead to increase biologically active hee androgens and IGF-I and increase insulin binding to its receptor. And during/before pregnancy, women with PCOS showed that incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly increased in both of non-obese and obese groups.
Androgens ; Body Weight ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Metabolism* ; Obesity ; Overweight* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy* ; Theca Cells

PURPOSE: To find the experience about clients with hypertension and to help them to care for themselves in the community. METHOD: All data was collected from August 1999 to October 1999, through in-depth interviews, observation, and telephone interview with 7 participants who have been diagnosed with hypertension for 1 to 10 years. According to Strauss and Corbin's Methodology, the data was continuously coded into concepts and categories, and then new data was analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method. RESULTS: There are 171 concepts, and then they were grouped into 34 the lower categories and 15 to the upper categories. The course of the coping of fear in hypertensive client consisted of 6 processes. The awareness of seriousness was context, and the fear was core phenomenon about the coping experience. We also found that hypertensive clients have 3 patterns, depending on the awareness degree of seriousness and the fear about hypertension. CONCLUSION: Our nurses should recognize the importance of effective management and seriousness about hypertension, offer clients the importance of family support and the information of etiology, symptoms and signs of hypertension, and provide the correct information on hypertensive medication. We should be able to guide their fear about hypertension to positive self-management, so that they may manage their disease thoroughly and effectively.
Humans ; Hypertension ; Interviews as Topic ; Self Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hand reflexology on the physiological?emotional responses and immunity of the patients with chronic illness. This study looked specifically at patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and cancer patients. METHOD: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre and post test. Subjects were 54 patients who received dialysis and chemotherapy in one hospital. Thirty-one patients were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. The hand reflexology was applied to both hands of the experiment group for ten minutes each time, 5 times during three days. For data collection, physiological lab levels, immune cells of blood and questionnaires for emotional responses were measured before and after the program. RESULT: BT of the experiment group was decreased significantly on both of the 1st and the 5th application. PR and BP were decreased significantly on the 1st times, but not 5th times. Hb levels of the experimental group were significantly increased. And emotional responses, vigor and mood scores of the experiment group were significantly increased. B cell and CD19 were increased significantly on the experiment group. Suppressor T cell and NK cell showed significant decrease after the program, but no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: We have found that the hand reflexology helps the chronic patients to improve physiological emotional responses and the immune reaction. Through this result, the hand reflexology is effective as a intervention of psychoneuroimmunologic function.
Chronic Disease* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dialysis ; Drug Therapy ; Hand* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Massage*