To stydy the parameters of preload, afterload, and contractility of the heart, we evaluated 10 mitral stenosis, 5 mitral stenoinsufficiency, and 5 mitral stenosis with aortic insufficiency by measuring the external energy potential, external mechaical work, and external energy potential to PVa(Pressure-volume Area) ratio with non-invasive method, echocardiography and carotid pulse tracting. The results are summarized as follows; 1) External energy potential of mitral stenosis was significantly higher than that of MSI or MS with AI. 2) External mechanical work of MSI or MS with AI was significantly higher than that of Ms. 3) External energy potential to PVA ratio was signifiantly higher in the MS, but there was no significantly difference between the MSI and MS with AI. According to the above results, external energy potential to PVA ratio with echocardiogram and carotid pulse tracting was good parameters of preload, afterload, and contractility. And this method may used bed-side monitoring in the clinical area.
Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

The neurobehavioral cognitive status examination(NCSE), a screening examination tool that assesses cognitive funtion in a brief but quantitative fashion, is used as an independent test of five major areas: language, constructions, memory, calculation and reasoning. The examination also separately assesses levels of consciousness, orientation, and attention. This instrument quickly identifies the intact areas of functioning, yet provides more detailed assessment in the areas of dysfunction. To determine whether the neuro behavioral cognitive status examination is a more sensitive instrument for the detection of cognitive impairment than the minimental state examination(MMSE), we performed these test simultaneously in 26 patients with stroke. The sensitivities were 88.5% for NCSE and 53.8% for MMSE respectively. The sensitivity of NCSE was derived from two features of its design: the use of independent tests to assess skills within five major areas of cognitive functioning, and the use of graded tasks within each of these cognitive domains.
Consciousness ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Stroke

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Although adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of gastric cancer is a popular practice in Korea, there are still controversies about the effectiveness of the treatment. The fact that the relatively less effective drugs have been used and the rarity of large-scaled controlled studies may be partially responsible for the controversies. FP(5-FU, Cisplatin) combination is one of the most active regimen against advanced gastric cancer, consistently showing a response rate of 50~60%. We tried the FP chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment for high-risk patients after curative resection of gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 1992 and June 1996, 35 patients with completely resected high-risk gastric cancer(postoperative stage III or IV except thase with M1) received six courses of FP chemotherapy. Endpoints were toxicities of treatment, relapse free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 17.1 months, Kaplan-Meier estimates of 2-year overall survival was 63.3% and relapse free survival estimates was 49%. There were no differences between stage III and IV patients in terms of overall survival or relapse free survival. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were tolerable for most of the patients. CONCLUSION: Postoperative FP combination chemotherapy was tolerable for patients with high-risk(stage III and IV) gastric cancer. It is too early to determine the long term survival rates for this patients, but 2-year overall and relapse free survival were comparable to that of historical non-cisplatin containing regimens. Randomized phase III studies are warranted.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fluorouracil* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Tooth*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Tooth*

We compared the success rate of filtering surgery of a single 5-minute intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (MMC) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Animal experiment and clinical study were done. In animal study, thirty pigmented rabbits (60 eyes) weighing 2.0 to 2.5 Kg were enrolled. We divided into 4 groups, such as BSS, 5-FU 50 mg/ml, MMC 0.2 mg/ml and MMC 0.4 mg/ml subconjunctival soaked group. Each group consisted of 15 eyes. In each group, 10 eyes was for examination of bleb survival and complications, 3 eyes for light microscopic examination and 2 eyes for electron microscopic examination. Bleb was survived 6.1 days (3 to 13 days) for BSS treated group, 16.3 days (9 to 23 days) for 5-FU 50mg/ml treated group, 32.7 days (17 to 55 days) in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group, and 64.4 days (49 to 84 days) in MMC 0.4 mg/ml treated group. Duration of bleb survival was significantly prolonged in 5-FU, MMC 0.2 mg/ml and MMC 0.4 mg/ml group respectively. In clinical study, fifty-five eyes of 40 patients were enrolled. 29 eyes of 21 patients were treated with MMC 0.2 mg/ml and 26 eyes of 19 patients were treated with 5-FU 50 mg/ml. The success rate was 89.7% in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group and 84.6% in 5-FU 50 mg/ml treated group at postoperative 3 months, and postoperative 6 months 89.7% in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group and 76.9% in 5-FU 50 mg/ml treated group. There was no statistical significance at postoperative 3 months (P > 0.05), but statistical significance at postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05). There was no serious complications using a MMC 0.2 mg/ml or 5-FU 50mg/ml.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; *Filtering Surgery ; Fluorouracil/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/*surgery ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Ostomy ; Rabbits ; Sclera/pathology ; Sclerostomy

We compared the success rate of filtering surgery of a single 5-minute intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (MMC) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Animal experiment and clinical study were done. In animal study, thirty pigmented rabbits (60 eyes) weighing 2.0 to 2.5 Kg were enrolled. We divided into 4 groups, such as BSS, 5-FU 50 mg/ml, MMC 0.2 mg/ml and MMC 0.4 mg/ml subconjunctival soaked group. Each group consisted of 15 eyes. In each group, 10 eyes was for examination of bleb survival and complications, 3 eyes for light microscopic examination and 2 eyes for electron microscopic examination. Bleb was survived 6.1 days (3 to 13 days) for BSS treated group, 16.3 days (9 to 23 days) for 5-FU 50mg/ml treated group, 32.7 days (17 to 55 days) in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group, and 64.4 days (49 to 84 days) in MMC 0.4 mg/ml treated group. Duration of bleb survival was significantly prolonged in 5-FU, MMC 0.2 mg/ml and MMC 0.4 mg/ml group respectively. In clinical study, fifty-five eyes of 40 patients were enrolled. 29 eyes of 21 patients were treated with MMC 0.2 mg/ml and 26 eyes of 19 patients were treated with 5-FU 50 mg/ml. The success rate was 89.7% in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group and 84.6% in 5-FU 50 mg/ml treated group at postoperative 3 months, and postoperative 6 months 89.7% in MMC 0.2 mg/ml treated group and 76.9% in 5-FU 50 mg/ml treated group. There was no statistical significance at postoperative 3 months (P > 0.05), but statistical significance at postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05). There was no serious complications using a MMC 0.2 mg/ml or 5-FU 50mg/ml.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; *Filtering Surgery ; Fluorouracil/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/*surgery ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Ostomy ; Rabbits ; Sclera/pathology ; Sclerostomy

Epithelial cyst formed from downgrowth of the epithelium into the submucous tissue in chronic inflammatory condition is the commest type of the conjunctival cysts. The cyst frequently occur in the upper lid and fornix coniunctiva, but they also have been noted in the lower fornix or in the bulbar conjunctiva. A 11 years old Korean boy was found to have small, soft, slightly bluish mass in the lower fornix (OD) which showed an epithelial cyst of the conjunctiva histopathologically.
Child ; Conjunctiva ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Male