The cranial CT is a new radiological technique with which, for the first time, minimal differences anattenuation by intracranial soft tissue can be measured exactly. Th basic physical principles of CT have beenextensively presented by Hounsfield (1973). It is well established that the attenuation of extravasated blood measures between 35 and 45 houns field units. Therefore no difficulty should be encoutered in the recognition anddiagnosis of extra-axial hematoma and cerebral contusion since the density of the brain parenchyma never measures more than 25 units. As the constant increase in high velocity accidents and violence, the problem of acute headinjury is one of the matters of great importance in today's medical practice. Therfore it is very important to figure out the method that would allow us to diagnose easily and precisely the effects of trauma upon the brain inorder to institute the proper treatment at the earliest possible moment . CT allows us to make a diagnosis quickly and in a non-invasive manner. The CT scan was carried out on 310 head trauma cases in the department of radiology, St. Mary's and Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, for 16 months from June 1979 to Oct. 1980.All the scans were obtained with the Hitachi CT-H2 scanner and the scans were repeated following intravenous injection of high dose of contrast media(roughly 1.8cc per kg body weight of 60% Conray). We have reviewed the CTscans of 310 patients got acute head injury in order to assess the location of brain lesions, the relationshipbetween the CT scans of 310 patients got acute head injury in order to assess the location of brain lesions, the relationship between the CT densities of hematomas and their stage, the shape mass effect of the extra-axialhematomas, and the effect of contrast enhancement. The resuls were as follows; 1. Of all 310 cases of the headinjuries, epidural hematoma was 13.5%, subdural hematoma was 8.7%, subdural hygroma was 10%, cerebral contusion was 39%. hydrocephalus and atrophy was 3.9% and negative finding was 24.9%. 2. The extra-axial hematoma waslocated on the right side in 49.3% and the left side in 39.1% and bilaterally in 11.6%. Therfore unilateral lesion was much more than bilateral one. 3. The extra-axial hematoma was getting decreased in density as time gone by. 4. The shape of epidural hematoma was biconvex in 88.1% and planoconvex in 11.9%. 5. The shape of subdural hematoma was crescent in 88.9% and biconvex in 11.9% in chronic stage. 6. The mass effect of extra-axial hematoma was getting slowly decreased as time gone by. 7. The extra-axial hematoma was enhanced by the contrast media in allacute, subacute and chronic stages as well as in the cerebral contusion, but there was a tedency that the contrast enhancement of hematoma was getting increased as time gone by.
Atrophy ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Contrast Media ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Injections, Intravenous ; Methods ; Subdural Effusion ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Violence

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*

Decentralization to local governments and amending of Health center Law are to promote the efforts of health planning at the level of local agencies. In the health facility planning, it is important to take into account that what to be built, where to be located, how far should be service area and so forth, because health facilities are immovable, and require capital as well as personnel and consumable supplies. The aim of our study, answering to the question of 'where to be located?`, is to determine the best location of urban health sub-center. At the local level, planning is the matter of finding the best location of specific facility, in relation to population needs. We confine the accessibility, which is basic to location planning, to geographic one. Location-Allocation Model is used to solve the problem where the location is to maximize geographic accessibility. To minimize the weighted travel distance, objective function, Rk= aijwidij is used. Distances are measured indirectly by map measure-meter with l:25,000 Suwon map, and each potential sites, 10 administrative Dongs in Kwonson Gu, Suwon, are weighted by each number of households, total population, maternal age group, child age group, old age group, Relief for the livelihood, and population/primary health clinics. we find that Kuwoon-Dong, Seodun-Dong, Seryu3-Dong, according the descending orders, are best sites which can minimize the weighted distance, and conclude that it is reasonable to determine the location of urban health sub-center among those sites.
Child ; Equipment and Supplies ; Family Characteristics ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Facilities ; Health Facility Planning ; Health Planning ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Maternal Age ; Politics ; Urban Health*

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Female ; Fetal Proteins* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

The bipolar endoprosthesis was first reported by Giliberty, as well as Bateman in 1974. There were several reports indicating less acetabular erosion in bipolar endoprosthesis than in unipolar, Even if there was a problem of dislocation and valgus position of cup of initial design, the prosthesis of nowadays is useful in failed total hips with erosion of the acetabulum as well as hip with normal acetabular cartilage. The authors reviewed and analysed 44 cases of cementless bipolar endoprosthesis (Self Centering Universal Hip replacement utilizing the Tri-Lock total hip femoral stem), operated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Hanyang University Hospital from June 1984 to May 1987. The following results were obtained. 1. There were 18 males and 25 females. 2. 22 cases were idiopathic avascular necrosis with relatively good acetabulum, 21 cases of fracture of femoral neck and 1 case of metastatic adenocarcinoma. 3. Average operation time eas 1 hour and 10 minutes and average amount of transfusion; 650cc. 4. We used 42 Watson-Jones approach and 2 Charnley's. 5. The common size of metal cup was 45–53mm in men and 43–47mm in women. 6. The size of prosthetic femoral head was equal to normal head in 16 cases, larger than normal in 14 cases, smaller than normal in 14 cases. 7. There were 2 case of intraoperative undisplaced fracture of femur and one case of heterotopic ossification. 8. There were motion of outer and inner bearing when the extremity was abducted and adducted on serial roentgenogram during a period between 2 years and 5 years. 9. Average Harris hip rating score was 38.5, preoperatively and 95.2, postoperatively.
Acetabulum ; Adenocarcinoma ; Arthroplasty ; Cartilage ; Dislocations ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Prostheses and Implants

No abstract available.
Hydrops Fetalis*

A clinical observation was made on 127 patients with bladder tumor, admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School Hospital during the period from January, 1979 to December, 1984. The following results were obtained: 1. There were 127 patients with bladder tumor, being 5.4 percent of a total of 2,360 in-patients during the period. 2. Of the patients with bladder tumor, 106 were males and 21 females with a ratio of 5 to 1 Ages were ranged from 6 months to 84 years with a mean age of 51.9 years and 81.1 percent of the patients being over 50 years of age. 3. The most common symptom was gross hematuria in 94.5 percent of the patients and frequency in 15.7 percent painful urination in 12.6 percent and dysuria in 10.2 percent were observed in order. Seventy four percent of the patients came with 1 year of their first trouble and only 3.1 percent delayed more than 5 years. 4. Of 124 patient, 40 (32.3 percent) had tumors in the posterior wall of the bladder and 83 (66.9 percent) had single tumor when first seen. 5. Of 114 patients on which an IVP was performed, 78 (68.4 percent) revealed normal upper urinary tracts and 85 (74.6 percent) showed filling defects in the bladder. 6. The most common of the associated diseases were hypertension in 11 cases and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 10. Concurrent transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis and/or ureter or urethra were found in 11 patients (8.7 percent) of 127 patients with bladder tumor. Different malignancies developed in other organs except the bladder were associated in 10 patients (7.9 percent) of 127 patients with bladder tumor all their lives. 7. Pathologic examination of specimens from 111 cases revealed transitional cell carcinoma in 102 (91.9 percent). Classified according to the grade and stage, the most common was grade II found in 49 cases (44.2 percent) and stage A observed in 49 cases (44.2 percent). 8. A total of 155 operations, including 39 subsequent operations for recurrences was performed on 116 patients. They were 55 TUR, 36 open resection, 43 partial cystectomy, 20 total cystectomy with ileal conduit and 1 suprapubic cystostomy. 9. There were 47 recurrences in 35 (41.7 percent) of 84 patients initially operated and followed up. Of these recurrences, 24 (51.1 percent) occurred within 1 year of followup. Tumor recurrences were observed in 31 (81.6 percent) of 38 patients treated by surgery only, but in 16 (32.0%) of 50 patients treated by surgery plus intravesical chemotherapy.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Cystostomy ; Drug Therapy ; Dysuria ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Recurrence ; Schools, Medical ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urination ; Urology

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Trisomy*

No abstract available.
Lymphatic Diseases*