No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

The suture techniques to anastomose successfully small vassels of 1mm in diameter were continuous suture and interrupted suture, and patency rate of them has been estabilished by orthopaedic surgeon. In 1962, Chase and Schwarz reported better results with interrupted suture than with a continuous suture, Firsching reported less time using with continuous suture than with interrupted suture, but no difference in flow rate, in 1984 Lilly reported that interrupted suture does no result in stenosis of venous end to end anastomoses by continuous suturing technique, Mao reported that there was no statically significant difference between two suture methods in patency rate. The authors have experimentally studied the patency rate and histopathological findings of two suture techniques in the 20 Newzealand white rabbit at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital and can be obtained the following results. l. In arterial patency, the interrupted suture and continuous suture were 100% in rate and patency rate in veins were 95% in interrupted suture and 75% in continuous suture. 2. Subintimal hyperplasia occured earlier in arteries than in veins and it may be due to the medial component of vessel. 3. In anastomoses of small vessel the accurate apposition of cut vessels edges decreased the thrombi formation of vessel.
Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hyperplasia ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Veins

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Genetic Counseling*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of discordant fetal growth and perinatal outcome in relation to dichorionic and monochorionic twin for different degrees of birth weight difference. METHODS: Between Jan. 1992 and Dec, 1997, 154 twin pairs were born at Yonsei medical center and there were 36 pairs of twins which had 20% or more birth weight difference. The placental examination were performed routinely on all multiple births and 13 pairs of dichorionic twins and 23 pairs of monochorionic twins were consisted of the study population. These twin pairs were divided into three groups based on birth weight difference: 20-29%(as group A), 30-39%(as group B), and 40% or more(as group C). Gestational age, birth weight, gender and perinatal outcomes were observed for each twin pairs. RESULTS: The perinatal death in the monochorionic twin pairs showed 9(34.6%) as group A, 4(50%) as group B, and 5(41,7%) as group C and in the dichorionic twin paus 1(10.0%) as youp A, 0 as group B and 5(62.5%) as group C. Up to 40% of birth weight difference, dichorionic twin pairs showed good perinatal outcomes compared with monochorionic twin pairs but over 40% or more of birth weight diffaence, however there were no significant difference of perinatal outcomes by chorionicity. In the monochorionic twin pairs, the cause of perinatal death showed 3 cases of prematurity, 2 cases of congenital anomalies and 2 cases of IIOC and 2 cases of cord lesions in group A whenas in the group B and C 3 cases of prematurity and 6 cases of congenital anomalies. In the dichorionic twin pairs, different-sex twin pairs showed no perinatal death in all three groups but in same-sex twin pairs there were 6 perinatal deaths. CONCLUSION: More recent improved fetal ultrasonographic surveillance such as determination of chorionicity, identification of fetal sex and evaluation of fetal anomalies help to make a clinical decision in growth discordant twin up to 40% of weight difference each other.
Birth Weight ; Chorion ; Fetal Development* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Multiple Birth Offspring ; Pregnancy, Twin

sodium hyaluronate in beagle dogs. METHODS:In group 1, hGH(Eutropin, r-hGH) 0.29mg/kg was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs everyday for 7 days. In group 2, 1mg/kg in sustained- release formulation using sodium hyaluronate(SR-hGH), was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. In group 3, 2mg/kg of the same formulation(SR-hGH) was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. Blood samplings were done for the measurement of GH and IGF-1 concentrations with ELISA kit(Diagnostic Systems laboratories, Inc., USA) RESULTS:GH concentration in group 1 was below 0.5ng/ml before injection and elevated to 98.1+/-15.7 at 1 hr, 124.2+/-15 at 2 hr, 57.8+/-18.1 at 4 hr, 23.8+/-4.8 at 6hr, 10.8+/-3.7 at 8 hr, 2.8+/-1.6 at 10 hr, 1.0+/-0.7 at 12 hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 24hr after injection. Peak GH concentration was observed in 2 hr and thereafter decreased progressively and returned to basal level at 10 hr after injection. From the 2nd day GH concentration was measured only at 6 hr after daily GH injection, indicating the values of 20.9+/-8.7, 16.2+/-14.9, 23.1+/-8.5, 34.3+/-9.9, 16.1+/-7.0, and 21.8+/-13.0ng/ml at 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th 6th, and 7th day, respectively. GH concentrations in group 2(SR- hGH 1mg/kg) were 136.7+/-22.8 at 1hr, 149.3+/-29.9 at 2hr, 110.6+/-17.8 at 4hr, 103.7+/-18.2 at 6hr, 108.3+/-21.0 at 8hr, 91.4+/-21.4 at 10hr, 79.6+/-15.9 at 12hr, 23.7+/-8.3 at 24hr, 5.5+/-1.5 at 30hr, 0.7+/-0.2 at 48hr, 1.4+/-1.4 at 54hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 72hr after injection. GH concentration was elevated above the basal level for 72hr with the peak at 2hr after injection of SR-hGH of 1mg/kg. GH concentrations in group 3(SR-hGH 2.0mg/kg) were 196.7+/-45.2 at 1hr, 219.4+/-39.8 at 2hr, 198.1+/-38.0 at 4hr, 196.0+/-31.4 at 6hr, 179.2+/-28.3 at 8hr, 151.8+/-19.5 at 10hr, 141.3+/-23.1 at 12hr, 72.9+/-14.7 at 24hr, 43.7+/-14.2 at 30hr, 3.8+/-1.6 at 48hr, 1.6+/-0.5 at 54hr, 0.8+/-0.5 at 72hr, 0.5+/-0.1 at 78hr, and 0.5+/-0.2ng/ml at 120hr. Peak GH concentration occurred at 2hr after injection and remained high concentration till 72hr and returned to basal level thereafter. IGF-1 concentrations in group 1 changed from 190.5+/-68.1ng/ml before injection, to 326.4+/-96.2, 346.4+/-79, 391.4+/-86.9, 417.0+/-96.1, 422.1+/-92.0, 429.9+/-86.4, and 478.0+/-90.2ng/ml at 12hr, 30hr, 54hr, 78hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively. IGF-1 concentrations in group 2 were 128.5+/-37.0 ng/ml before and 268.0+/-64.2, 307.6+/-63.1, 374.8+/-55.3, 335.5+/-39.4, 301.9+/-44.8, 288.5+/-42.5, 272.8+/-51.8, 273.9+/-46.0, 251.1+/-40.9, and 239.2+/-45.0ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was measured at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150hr after injection. IGF-1 concentrations in group 3 were 116.0+/-68.9ng/ml before and 365.5+/-118.6, 400.0+/-135.1, 463.6+/-138, 450.2+/-140.0, 337.2+/-122.4, 301.4+/-113.4, 236.3+/-89.1, 226.3+/-75.5, 148.9+/-55.2, and 129.8 48.4ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150 hr after injection. There was no significant difference in IGF-I conc between group I and group 3. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release form(1mg or 2mg/kg) of hGH with sodium hyaluronate released GH for 72 hours with the peak level at 2 hours and higher concentration of IGF-I above baseline maintained for 150 hour after injection with peak level at 48 hour. There was no difference in IGF-1 concentration between SR-hGH 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg injection. So sustained release form 1mg/kg will be more effective for GH therapy as weekly injection mode. More extensive study is needed to permit for new therapeutic application.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Growth Hormone* ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Sodium

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First*

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the location of leptin and receptors of ovary specimens obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy by immunohistochemical staining and to determine the effect of leptin on the steroidogenesis of cultured granulosa cells. METHOD: In the culturing process of the granulosa cells, FSH (1 IU/ml)and leptin (50 ng/ml), IGF-I (50 ng/ml) was administered to each study group (Group I: FSH; Group II: FSH, leptin; Group III: FSH, IGF-I, leptin), and the levels of estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione in the culture media was measured by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA with Scheffe test. RESULTS: The results showed that leptin and leptin receptors were both found to be strongly stained in granulosa and theca cells, and also in some interstitial cells. Leptin receptors were also observed in cultured granulosa cells. While there was no statistically significant difference in the androstnedione concentrations between the groups, estradiol concentrations was significantly decreased in Group IV (2202.0+/-151.14 pg/ml) compared to Group III (2859.0+/-122.6 pg/ml), and progesterone concentrations were also significantly decreased in Group II(4696.3+/-190.6 ng/ml) and Group IV (4517+/-206.78 ng/ml) compared to Group III(5546.0+/-179.5 ng/ml). CONCLUSTION: The study result of this study suggest that leptin is directly involved in the regulation of ovarian functions, in particular steroidogenesis.
Androstenedione ; Culture Media ; Estradiol ; Female ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans* ; Hysterectomy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Leptin* ; Ovary ; Progesterone ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Leptin ; Theca Cells

No abstract available.
Electrocoagulation* ; Laparoscopy*