No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Collagen* ; Female ; Humans

One of the most serious complications following strabismus surgery is the formation of adhesions that may result in restrictive ocular motility dysfunction. Management of the postoperative adhesions is often difficult. We investigated the effect of mitomycin c(MMC) and daunorubicin(DR) on postoperative would healing in rabbit extraocular muscle surgery after single intraoperative application. Sixteen white rabbits(32 eyes), weighing 2.0~2.5kg were used. These rabbits were divided into 4 groups; control group(BSS for 5 minutes exposure), group 1 (0.5mg/ml MMC for 1 minute exposure), group 2 (0.5mg/ml MMC for 5 minutes exposure), and group 3(25microgram/ml DR for 5 minutesexposure). Histopathologically, there was a more significant reduction of fibroblast and collagen fiber proliferation in group 1 and 2 than the control group. In group 3, these effects were better than the control group, but less than group 1 or 2. Immunohistochemically, group 1 and 2 showed greater effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) than the control group. In group 3, less effect was shown than group 1 or 2, but no difference was noted compare with the control group. These results suggest that intraoperative application of mitomycin c in strabismus surgery can increase a surgical success rate. However, daunorubicin is still controversial and more studies are needed on the dose and exposure time.
Collagen ; Daunorubicin* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Fibroblasts ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: We compared the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with that of transurethral needle ablation(TUNA) of the prostate in patient with BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1996 to April 1997, 21 patients were treated with TURP and 25 with TUNA. In TURP group, the mean age was 67.2 years and mean prostatic volume was 52.7ml. In TUNA group, the mean age was 67.2 years and mean prostatic volume was 32.1ml. Assessment parameters were International Prostate Symptom Score(1-PSS), quality of life question, uroflowmetry and complications. Post-treatment morbidity was noted if the patients experienced erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation or urinary incontinence. Patients were examined at 3 months from the day of treatment. RESULTS: At 3 months, the maximum flow rate improved from the mean of 10.2+/- 3.2m1/sec to 20.5+/-10.7m1/sec for the TURP group and 9.3+/-1.9m1/sec to 12.5+/-4.3 for the TUNA group. 1-PSS improved from the mean 22.0+/-7.6 to 6.4+/-4.6 for the TURP group and 21.2+/-6.6 to 13.1+/-6.8 for the TUNA group. Quality of life improved from the mean 3.8)1.6 to 1.3+/-1.0 for the TURP group and 4.3+/-0.9 to 2.9+/-1.1 for the TUNA group. Erectile dysfunction was reported in 43% (9/21) of TURP and 5%(1/20) of TUNA. Retrograde ejaculation was reported in 57%(12/21) and urinary incontinence was in 5%(1/21) of TURP. Retrograde ejaculation and urinary incontinence was not reported with TUNA. The mean operation time, hospital stay and a catheterization time in the TUNA group were 45.4min, 1.2days, 4.4days in comparison with 58.7min, 7.0days, 3.6days in the TURP group. CONCLUSIONS: After TURP and TUNA, there was significant improvement in all clinical parameters. But TURP was more effective in improving maximum flow rate, 1-PSS and quality of life. TUNA, however, produced minimal morbidity with no serious complication. With acceptable low morbidity, TUNA appears to be a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of BPH.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Ejaculation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Needles* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Tuna ; Urinary Incontinence

Intermittent exotropia occurs commonly in Korea and its clinical characteristics are relatively well known. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia and studied the relationship among them. We examined 229 patients(92 males and 137 females( who first visited three strabismic clinics. The age of onset, frequency, family history and symptoms of intermittent exotropia were examined. The angle and type of deviation were studied and sensory tests were done. The mean age of onset was 32.4 months and frequency ws 39.1% and family history was 8.7%. Photophobia was the most common symptom of intermittent exotropia. The distant angle of deviation was 26.7 prism diopters in average and the near angle was 25.3 prism diopters in average. The most common type of intermittent exotropia was basic type. followed by simulated divergence excess type, convergence insufficiency type, and divergence excess type. In statistical study, there was no significant relationship among clinical characteristics of intermittent exotroia.
Age of Onset ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Photophobia ; Statistics as Topic ; Strabismus

OBJECTIVE: To understand the difference of defecation physiology between postpartum and postoperative women. METHODS: Between July 1998 to April 1999, we performed defecogram and pudendal nerve motor latency to 31 women, who were 8 postoperative women, 9 post cesarean-section state women, and 14 normal vaginal delivery-state women. RESULTS: According to the defecogram results, only squeezing angles of the anorectal angle were significantly increased(96.0 vs 72.3, 74.9 degree) in normal vaginal delivery-state women compared to post cesarean-section state and postoperative women, but rest and evacuation angles were not. And to pudendal nerve latency, there were no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the pudendal plexus was damaged during labor, therefore its ability to control puborectalis muscle was damaged. So, the anorectal angles of squeezing of postpartum women were significantly increased, compared to those of post cesarean section women or postoperative women.
Cesarean Section ; Defecation* ; Female ; Humans ; Physiology* ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Pudendal Nerve*

Ambulatory surgery is an established surgical system that all the procedures which are visiting hospital, undergoing surgery and recovery and returning home, performed on the same day. We evaluated our initial experiences to find out if there are any differences between ambulatory surgery and inpatient surgery especially during the perioperative period. We assessed the following 6 items: the degree of perioperative anxiety in parents, observation time in the recovery room, hospital charge, length of time to return to usual activities, postoperative complications and degree of postoperative satisfaction in parents. Between April 1995 and August 1996, we reviewed 30 patients who underwent ambulatory surgery (age: 1 mo-15.2 yrs, mean 5.8 yrs) - hydrocelectomy (16 cases), orchiopexy (10 cases), varicocelectomy (1 case), excision of cyst at urethral meatus (1 case) and circumcision (2 case). Then we compared the same parameters with those of 30 inpatient children who underwent similar surgical procedures (age: 7 mo-12 yrs, mean 3.8 yrs) - hydrocelectomy (15 cases) and orchiopexy (15 cases). The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference among the two groups in observation time at recovery room (p=0.381) and the time to return to normal activities (p=0.202).2. Ambulatory surgery group is more economical than the inpatient surgery group (p<0.05). 3. In ambulatory surgery group, the degree of perioperative anxiety in parents was higher than inpatient surgery group (p=0.001). However, postoperative satisfaction was higher than inpatient surgery group (p=0.001) with negligible complications, In conclusion, ambulatory surgery in pediatric urology was more advantageous than inpatient surgery with regards to postoperative satisfaction and alleviation of parental burden on time and money.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures* ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Male ; Orchiopexy ; Parents ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery Room ; Urology

PURPOSE: Mutation of the p53 gene seem to be the most common genetic changes in human malignancies. Recent studies have also shown p53 gene mutations in several premalignant conditions and preliminary data have suggested that p53 gene mutations may be involved in tumor progression. There is wide variation in reported incidence of p53 gene mutation in renal cell carcinoma, and its prognostic significance for this tumor is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective PCR-SSCP(the polymerase chain reaction of the single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis and immunohistochemical study were designed to investigate the role of p53 gene mutation in renal cell carcinoma and to examine association between p53 gene mutation and tumor grade, clinical behavior and DNA ploidy. RESULTS: Forty eight renal cell carcinoma(RCC) specimens were analyzed. Mutations of p53 gene were detected in 8.3%(4/48) of tumors. There were significant correlation between the presence of the mutation of p53 gene and high tumor grade and DNA aneuploidy(p-value=0.016. 0.019). But no significant correlation between the presence of the mutations of p53 gene and sex, symptom and tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the mutations of p53 gene may not be significant in development of RCC but may be related to its progression or malignant transformation.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; DNA ; Genes, p53* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ploidies ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the relationship between injury occurrence and workplace organization in small-sized, manufacturing factories in Korea. METHODS: Using data from the 2004 Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea, this study compared workplace organizational factors (general characteristics, employee characteristics and health and safety characteristics) with injury occurrence of 1,866 small-sized, manufacturing factories (65,921 population factories after weighting). General characteristics of factories comprised location, type and classification of industry. Employee characteristics comprised proportion of manual workers and female workers, average working hours per week and shiftwork. Health and safety characteristics comprised type of safety and health manager, committee for occupational safety and health, labor union, health and safety regulation, monthly health and safety training time, score of health and safety activity and score of safety culture. RESULTS: The following characteristics of injury-occurrence in small-sized, manufacturing factories were determined by multivariate analysis. In terms of general characteristics, the risk of injury-occurrence was higher in Jeolla area than Gyeongin area in outside associate than other enterprises and in coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel, wood and products of wood, food products and beverages and fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture industries than television and communication equipment and apparatus industries. In terms of employee characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with greater proportion of manual worker and with a higher rate of working hours per week. But significantly decreased in factories with a higher proportion of female workers. In terms of health and safety characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with a self-appointed safety manager, with unorganized union, with a more active committee for occupational safety and health, with unimplemented health and safety regulations, with longer monthly safety and health training time, and with a lower score of safety culture. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that several factors of workplace organization were significantly related with injury-occurrence in factories. These findings are supposed to raise the need for making efforts in workplace organization to improve injury prevention.
Beverages ; Classification ; Coke ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Korea ; Labor Unions ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occupational Health ; Petroleum ; Social Control, Formal ; Television ; Wood

PURPOSE: We designed a pig to canine liver xenotransplantation model to study the diverse immunologic and hemodynamic consequences that follow xenotransplantation and hyperacute rejection. METHODS: The animals were divided into two groups: the cobra venom factor and Gadolinium chloride treatment group (CVF+Gd group) (3 cases) and the control group (3 cases). The donor pig's whole liver was harvested, and then the harvested pig's whole liver was transplanted into a dog after the dog underwent left hepatectomy. After reperfusion of the graft, blood samples were taken 20, 40 and 60 minutes after reperfusion, and the liver, lung and kidney tissues were taken 1 hour after reperfusion. RESULTS: In the control group, the grafts showed a patchy hypoperfused liver surface and it felt rubbery solid compared to the CVF+Gd group. The serum total protein, albumin, fibrinogen and platelets decreased abruptly and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The serum PT, PTT and FDP were increased in both groups and the CVF+Gd group showed a more obtuse slope than the control group. We could not find any intravascular pathologic changes on the microscopic findings of the graft. Only scant intravascular fibrin deposition was found. Hepatocellular vacuolization and sinusoidal dilatation were also found. There were patches of necrosis without any zonal distribution, intrasinusoidal neutrophil sequestration and interstitial hemorrhage. These findings were milder in the CVF+Gd group. CONCLUSION: The pig to canine partial auxiliary liver xenotransplantation model is feasible and it is a good model before starting to perform pig to primate liver xenotransplantation. In the CVF+Gd group, pathologic findings like patch hepatocyte necrosis etc. were less severe. As there were no corresponding vascular pathologic findings, these findings are not the direct effect of CVF and gadolinium treatment, and so other factors like Ischemia- reperfusion injury should be considered.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Cobra Venoms ; Complement System Proteins ; Dilatation ; Dogs ; Fibrin ; Fibrinogen ; Fluconazole ; Formycins ; Gadolinium ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Primates ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Ribonucleotides ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplants