In May 1974, authors encountered a 37 year old Korean male who was suffering from very serious condition of acute abdomen. On exploratory laparotomy, a ruptured granulomatous mass in the proximal portion of the ileum showing extensive inflammatory and gangrenous changes was found and about 4 ft. long of the bowel was resected. From the honey-combed fibrous capsules in the mass, four plerocercoid larvae, spargana, measuring about 3 to 7 cm in lengths were extirpated. The patient had a past history of having eaten the raw flesh of a snake as a tonic about 7 months prior to admission. Four cases of intra-abdominal sparganosis reported previously in Korea and the present case were discussed briefly. Snakes and frogs in Korea are very important second intermediate hosts for the 1arva, Sparganum stage. It is most preferable that the habitual ingestion of the raw fleshes of them should be avoided in this country.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Spirometra sp. ; sparganum ; sparganosis ; laparatomy ; intestine ; perforation ; case report

No abstract available.
Radionuclide Imaging*

We performed clinical and virological studies on 79 children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) who had been admitted or visited to the department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center from February to August, 1990. The results were as follows; 1) There were total of 79 cases with hand, foot and mouth disease during this period. The aseptic meningitis was combined in 18 cases (22.8%). 2) The male-to-female ratio of HFMD was 2.03 to 1, but that of aseptic meningitis was 8 to 1. 3) Hand, foot and mouth disease occurred more frequently in under the age of 5 years, and the aseptic meningitis in under the age of 1 year. 4) Hand, foot and mouth disease and the aseptic meningitis occurred mostly in May and June. 5) In addition to the skin manifestations characteristic in hand, foot and mouth disease, some of the patients with aseptic meningitis had the following symptoms: change of consiousness, seizure, monoparesis in the upper extremity, paraparesis in the lower extremity. 6) The causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease associated with the aseptic meningitis in Seoul in 1990 seemed to be enterovirus 71 according to the serologic study.
Animals ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Enterovirus ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Hand* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Paraparesis ; Paresis ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Seoul* ; Skin Manifestations ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: Extraocular muscle (EOM) consists of two layers, orbital and global layers which are readily distinguished by their histology. This study was conducted to investigate the changes of histology, myosin heavy chain (MHC), and MHC isoforms of the global and orbital layers of EOM after tenotomy. METHODS: Forty-two New Zealand white rabbits were used. The rectus muscles were harvested at day 3, week 1, week 2, week 4, and week 8 after EOM tenotomy. EOM mass change was measured. The EOM were serially sectioned in coronal plane and stained with Masson's trichrome. The diameters of muscle fibers and cross sectional areas of two layers were measured in the middle of the muscles. Changes of MHC isoforms were also measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The EOM mass was decreased at all periods of surgery especially at day 3 and week 1, increased maximally at week 8. The diameters of EOM fibers in global layer were decreased at day 3, week 1, and week 2 after EOM tenotomy and increased maximally at week 8. The immunohistochemical stains of fast and slow MHC were weakened in the global layer at week 1 after tenotomy. CONCLUSIONS: EOM changes due to atrophy appeared at day 3, week 1, and week 2 after EOM tenotomy while EOM atrophy was recovered at week 4 and week 8 after the surgery. These changes did not appear on the EOM orbital layer but was shown in EOM global layer. These results were due to the histological and functional differences between the EOM global and orbital layers.
Atrophy ; Coloring Agents ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscles ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Orbit ; Protein Isoforms ; Rabbits ; Tenotomy*

One of the most serious complications following strabismus surgery is the formation of adhesions that may result in restrictive ocular motility dysfunction. Management of the postoperative adhesions is often difficult. We investigated the effect of mitomycin c(MMC) and daunorubicin(DR) on postoperative would healing in rabbit extraocular muscle surgery after single intraoperative application. Sixteen white rabbits(32 eyes), weighing 2.0~2.5kg were used. These rabbits were divided into 4 groups; control group(BSS for 5 minutes exposure), group 1 (0.5mg/ml MMC for 1 minute exposure), group 2 (0.5mg/ml MMC for 5 minutes exposure), and group 3(25microgram/ml DR for 5 minutesexposure). Histopathologically, there was a more significant reduction of fibroblast and collagen fiber proliferation in group 1 and 2 than the control group. In group 3, these effects were better than the control group, but less than group 1 or 2. Immunohistochemically, group 1 and 2 showed greater effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) than the control group. In group 3, less effect was shown than group 1 or 2, but no difference was noted compare with the control group. These results suggest that intraoperative application of mitomycin c in strabismus surgery can increase a surgical success rate. However, daunorubicin is still controversial and more studies are needed on the dose and exposure time.
Collagen ; Daunorubicin* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Fibroblasts ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: There have been some efforts to diagnose intracranial aneurysm through a non-invasive method using MRA, although the process may be difficult when the lesion is less than 3mm. The present study prospectively compare the results of high resolution, fast speed slice interpolation MRA and DSA therapy examing the potentiality of primary non-invasive screening test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 cerebral aneurysm lesions from 14 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm (RA) and 5 patients with unruptured aneurysm(UA). In all subjects, MRA was taken to confirm the vessel of origin, definition of aneurysm neck and the relationship of the aneurysm to nearby small vessels, and the results were compared with the results of DSA. The images were obtained with 1.5T superconductive machine(Vision, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) on 4 slabs of MRA using slice interpolation. the settings include TR/TE/FA=30/6.4/25, matrix 160x512, FOV 150x200, 7minutes 42seconds of scan time, effective thickness of 0.7mm and an entire thickness of 102.2mm. The images included structures from foramen magnum to A3 portion of anterior cerebral artery. MIP was used for the image analysis, and multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) technique was used in cases of intracranial aneurysm. RESULTS: A total of 26 intracranial aneurysm lesions from 19 patients with 2 patients having 3 lesion, 3 patients having 2 lesions and the rest of 14 patients having 1 lesion each were examined. Among those, 14 were RA and 12 were UA. Eight lesions were less than 2mm in size, 9 lesions were 3-5mm, 7 were 6-9mm and 2 were larger than 10mm. On initial exams, 25 out of 26 aneurysm lesions were detected in either MRA or DSA showing 96% sensitively. Specificity cannot be estimated since there was no true negative of false positive findings. When MRA and MPR were used concurrently for the confirmation of size and shape, the results were equivalent to those of DSA, while in the confirmation of aneurysm neck and parent vessels, the concurrent use of MRA and MPR was far superior to the sole use of either MRA or DSA. CONCLUSION: High resolution MRA using slice interpolation technique showed equal results as those of DSA for the detection of intracranial aneurysm, and may be used as a primary nin-invasive screening test in the future.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography* ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Foramen Magnum ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mass Screening ; Neck ; Parents ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Signal Transduction*

Mantle cell lymphoma is a subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and usually presents in advanced stages. When treated with a regimen such as CHOP, the median survival is about three years. More aggressive front-line therapy with the hyper-CVAD regimen or high-dose therapy with stem cell support has shown encouraging results in several trials. The addition of rituximab to the chemotherapy regimens, or high-dose therapy, increased the response and survival rates in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. We report a case of mantle cell lymphoma that was successfully treated with aggressive front-line treatment strategies. The patient achieved complete remission with initial hyper-CVAD regimen, and was consolidated with autologous stem cell transplantation and subsequent rituximab.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Survival Rate ; Rituximab

The excitotoxic effect of kainic acid on dendrites and neuronal cell bodies of hippocampus and dentate gyrus was studied with time (1, 4, 8, 16 hours, 2, 7, 14 days) light and electron microscopically by intraperitonial injection into rat. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The acute dendrotoxic effect was observed as laminar pattern of swelling along pyramidal cell body layer and dendritic fields and was most prominently at 2-4 hours after kainic acid injection. In ultractructural study, the acute change occurred in dendrites of pyramidal cells in hipocampus because the synapses between nerve terminals and swollen components were not destroyed and remained intact and, identified the swollen structures as dendrites. So, it was obvious from the results that the acute change by kainic acid was osmolysis and was continued till initial 4 hours but was finally faded out. 2) The distribution of kainic acid receptor within hippocampus was different because the prominent dendritic swelling occurred in proximal basilar dendritic field of CA 3 and 4 and the proximal and distal basilar dendritic fields of CA 1 and 2, and no change was observable in dentate granule cell. The sensitivity of hippocampal dendritic fields to kainic acid could be put in decreasing order as CA3, CA4, CA1, CA2 and dentate granule cell 3) With the elapse of time, the acute change disappeared and pyramidal cells began to degenerate by the chronic reaction about 7 days after kainic acid injury, and the pyramidal cell density in CA regions greatly decreased. Almost all pyramidal cells degenerated the dentate granule cells were not affected to kainic acid throughout the time. In conclusions, hippocampal neurons were postulated to be very sensitive to kainic acid, and in contrast to the gradual disappearance of acute change within several hours, the degeneration of pyramidal neurons by chronic change was developed within several days regardless of acute change.
Animals ; Brain* ; Dendrites ; Dentate Gyrus ; Hippocampus ; Kainic Acid* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats* ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Synapses

OBJECTIVES: To establish prevalence of hypertension in rural area of Korea, we surveyed adult residents older than 30 years, based on the recommendation and classification of JNC-5(Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure). METHODS: From December 1996 to February 1997, we studied 4,209 persons in 41 rural areas purposely sampled nationwide. Blood pressure was checked twice at the time of the first visit and again checked twice after one week later for the person fell under hypertension criteria at the first visit. Persons fell under hypertension criteria at the first visit without second visit for recheck were categorized as suspected hypertension. For the suspected hypertension, we predicted whether fell under criteria by logistic regression model. RESULTS: 1) The distributions of blood pressures show unimodal curve, skewed to the right. The peaks of the systolic blood pressure was between 120~129mmHg, tending to move to the right for the age of 50-and-over in male, 70-and-over in female. But peaks of the diastolic blood pressure were consistent between 80~84mmHg in both sexes. The distributions of blood pressures for male were slightly deviated to the right compared with those of the female. 2) The crude prevalence rate of hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure > or =140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > or =90mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication, was 25.94%. And the prevalence rate of suspected hypertension was 5.54%. Through the logistic regression model, the prevalence of hypertension was estimated as 29.94%. Age-sex-adjusted prevalence rate for the rural area-Myon regions- was 25.94%, if adjusted to the age-sex composition of the 1995 national census population. 3) Prevalence rate was 27.76% in male and 30.03% in female, if adjusted to the age-sex composition of the base population of this study. Prevalence rate progressively increased with age, higher in men than women before about age 60. 4) Prevalence rates among eight Provinces(Do) was different. Unadjusted rates for Kyonggi Province was 24.74%, and rates for Chonnam Province was 34.18%. But there was no significant differences of the prevalence rate between inland and seaside. 5) By logistic regression model, 65.39% of stage 1 hypertension and 75.51% of stage 2 hypertension at the first visit were estimated as to be included in hypertension criteria. 6) By the JNC-5 classification, only 22.33% of the patients taking anti-hypertensive medication was being controlled. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of hypertension by classification of JNC-5 at rural area was 25.94%. We could not find significant differences of prevalence rate between inland and seaside. Follow-up measurement of blood pressures will be needed to establish more valid prevalence rates of hypertension.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Censuses ; Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population