OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID) was searched in order to identify all relevant disease-specific, population-specific, and domain-specific QOL instruments. Titles and abstracts of 27 articles related to QOL research conducted by Korean researchers were retrieved from MEDLINE and RICH database. These articles were comprehensively reviewed to analyse the cross cultural adaptation, validation and other aspects of application of Korean version of QOL measures. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 27 disease-specific and domain-specific articles, of which 22 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 5 in medical and public health journals 2. Search for QOLID resulted in 92 specific QOL measures. Thirty-six instruments of which 31 were disease-specific measures, 2 symptom-specific, 2 population-specific, and 1 domain-specific, were translated into Korean language among them. Four Korean version of specific QOL measures were used in articles in MEDLINE. They were Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). An article using Korean version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is in press. 3. The Korean validated instruments published at international academic articles were HAQ, WOMAC, CHAQ, and CHQ. 4. The Korean version of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia (FACTT), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT- F), Functional Assessment of Spiritual Wellbeing (FACT-Sp), and FACT-Anemia are going on Korean validation and data collection under the author contact and permission. 5. Twenty six studies out of 27 Korean articles reported the use of 16 kinds of Western instrument. There were some flaws such as omission of validation steps, deletion of items, arbitrary change of response scale, and absence of cultural adaptation and conceptual consideration in those articles. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes disease-specific instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Arthritis ; Child ; Child Health ; Chronic Disease ; Data Collection ; Fibromyalgia ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Ontario ; Parkinson Disease ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical, nursing and public health academy articles on health-related quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for wide use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: A comprehensive review of 116 Korean articles from www.richis.org was conducted. A review of the application, Korean validation, and publishment of Western quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. and Medline was conducted in the 116 Korean academic articles. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 116 articles, of which 81 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 35 in medical and public health journals 2. The 4 generic instruments were developed in Korea (1 for middle-aged adult in Seoul, 1 for geriatrics, Korean Quality of Life Scale, Catholic Medical Center Health Survey). The instrument for Korean middle-aged adult was used in 50 Korean articles, but the deletion of items and domains, and change of response scales without conceptual considerations showed. 3. The Korean articles used Western Instruments were 43, of which 13 used generic instruments, 24 used disease-specific, and 2 used domain-specific instruments. 4. The translated instruments in Korean were 4 instruments of COOP-chart, Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index-Generic version (QLI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12-Items Short Form (SF-12), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Items Short Form (SF-36) among 33 kinds of quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. There was no evidence of publishment internationally on Medline searching. The Korean version of Euro-Qol (EQ-5D) instrument is going on the publishment. 5. Thirteen studies out of 116 Korean articles reported the use of Western Instrument including QLI, WHQOL, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), COOP-C, COOP-WONCA, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and SF-36 among 33 generic quality of life instruments in Korean academic articles. The ommission of international validation step, deletion of items and domains, change of response scales without cultural adaptation and conceptual considerations showed in Korean studies used Western instruments. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Adult ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39). METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines: forward and backward translation, focus group meeting, and a field test. With Korean consensus translation produced, validation was assessed by evaluating reliability and validity. Ninety-three outpatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 89 healthy aged controls were recruited. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Validity was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, t test, factor analysis, and analysis of variance with Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS: In the PD group, mean age was 65.13 +/- 9.84 years, and mean duration of PD was 42.41 +/- 37.01 months. Ceiling and floor effects ranged 1.1%-2.2% and 1.1%-15.1%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha of eight dimensions ranged from .70 to .97. All dimensions were correlated with each other, except for the stigma dimension. PD patients had significantly lower quality of life than healthy aged controls did, except for the bodily discomfort dimension. Eight dimensions of Korean PDQ-39 loaded on one factor. PD patients with a Modified Hoehn and Yarh Staging score of 4 had the worst quality of life. The relationships among the eight dimensions of Koran PDQ-39 and the Modified Hoehn and Yarh Staging is fair to good, except for the stigma and social support dimension. CONCLUSION: The Korean PDQ-39 was proved to be reliable and valid. Our results suggest that Korean PDQ-39 could be used in clinical research to assess and evaluate the disease process and its impacts on health-related quality of life in Korean PD patients.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/*psychology ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Translations

Purpose: To compare the results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia, and the clinical efficacy of lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia before endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and dacryoscintigraphy. Methods: The study included 148 eyes of 82 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube intubation from August 2018 to April 2019. The patients were examined with lacrimal syringing in clinical practice and re‐examined under general anesthesia. Based on the change in lacrimal syringing, the patients were assigned to inconsistent and consistent groups. The inconsistent group was subclassified into complete (‘regurgitation’ of lacrimal syringing changes to a ‘passage’ pattern) and partial improvement groups (the degree of regurgitation improves under general anesthesia). Results: Twenty (13.5%) eyes showed inconsistent results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia; all showed improved passage under general anesthesia. The surgical results did not differ significantly (p = 0.336) between the consistent and inconsistent groups, but did between the complete and partial improvement groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions Lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia may enable an accurate preoperative diagnosis of the degree of obstruction. The combined results of dacryoscintigraphy and lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia allow surgeons to evaluate the lacrimal drainage anatomy precisely and may be useful for predicting the functional success of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the causes, success rate, and the changes of Jones tube length in endoscopic conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) reoperation cases. METHODS: The medical records of 40 patients (41 eyes, a total of 52 cases) who underwent reoperation of CDCR with Jones tube reinsertion using an endoscope from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the success rate, causes of reoperation, changes in lengths of used tubes, and the average interval times between operations. RESULTS: The most common cause of reoperation was medial tube migration (53.8%). As in other causes, tube loss (17.3%), obstructions related with conjunctival overgrowth or granulation (13.46%), lateral tube migration (11.53%), iatrogenic removal (1.92%), and acute dacryocystitis (1.92%) followed. In patients with medial tube migration, the average tube length used in reoperations decreased by approximately 1.11 mm compared to prior operations. In cases of lateral tube migration, the average tube length increased approximately 1.00 mm after the reoperation. The success rate of reoperations was 78.04%. The average interval time between the initial operation and the first reoperation was 52 months. In cases with several reoperations, the interval time decreased as the number of reoperations increased. CONCLUSIONS Because medial tube migration was found to be the most common cause of reoperations, it should be considered as a potential problem when performing surgery. The changes in the lengths of inserted Jones tubes were related to certain types of complication, which affected the prognoses. In endoscopic CDCR reoperations, the success rate was favorable. In recurrent cases, the average interval time between reoperations decreased as the number of operations increased.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences of Scores for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP) in between neonates with bronchopulmonay dysplasia (BPD) and control group, and to utilize SNAP as an early predictive tool for development of BPD. METHOD: A retrospective chart review was done for a total of 30 neonates who were admitted to Pochun CHA University neonatal intensive care unit between April, 1995 and May, 2001. A study group included 15 neonates with BPD and a control group included 15 neonates matched for gestational age and birth weight. SNAP and cumulative SNAP were obtained at 1st, 4th, 6th postnatal day for each group. A comparative analysis of cumulative SNAP scores of various parameters was done in two groups. RESULTS: SNAP of 10.86 and 6.86 were obtained at 4th postnatal day for BPD and control group, respectively (P<0.05). Cumulative SNAP for 1st, 4th, 6th postnatal day were 30.40 and 21.93 in BPD and control group (P=0.059). A comparison of cumulative SNAP of various parameters between two groups showed that respiratory rate and apnea to be significant parameters as well as for blood pressure and arterial oxygen tension in neonates with BPD. CONCLUSION: Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology could be utilized as a tool to predict the development of BPD although larger study is needed to simplify its scoring system to be used easily and better predict the development of BPD.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Oxygen ; Physiology ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Defects caused by excision of benign lid margin tumors are conventionally repaired by reconstructive surgery. However, second intention healing is another option for managing wounds on the lid margin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of second intention healing after a shave excision of benign tumors on the lid margin. METHODS: Lid defects following a shave excision of the lid margin tumor were allowed to heal by second intention in 25 patients (26 lesions). The epithelialzation period was calculated, and cosmetic and functional results and complications were evaluated by photographs and ophthalmological examination. RESULTS: The locations of the defects were as follows: upper lid (n=13), lower lid (n=11), and both upper and lower lids (n=1). The mean tumor size was 3.8x3.6 mm, and the mean epithelialization period by second intention was 6.1+/-1.2 weeks. Pathological examinations revealed intradermal nevus (12 cases), compound nevus (five cases), squamous papilloma (five cases), and epidermal cyst (three cases). No patients had a corneal erosion, trichiasis, or hypertrophic scar, except loss of cilia in two cases. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory in all patients. CONCLUSION: Healing by second intention is a safe and effective alternative to surgical reconstruction after a shave excision of benign lid margin tumors.
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Cilia ; Cosmetics ; Epidermal Cyst ; Humans ; Intention ; Nevus ; Nevus, Intradermal ; Papilloma ; Trichiasis

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular and triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI > or =25 kg/m2, nonobese: BMI<25 kg/m2). The data was analyzed by chi-square, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. RESULT: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (P=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). CONCLUSION: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.
Adult ; Anthropometry ; *Blood Pressure ; *Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Waist-Hip Ratio

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is histologically characterized by nonspecific osteitis. This inflammatory disorder, which lacks an infectious origin, typically presents with chronic pain and swelling at the affected site that can persist for months or even years. However, it is rare for CNO to affect the mandible. A 10-year-old girl presented with a primary complaint of pain in her left mandible. She had no significant medical or dental history. On examination, swelling was visible on the left buccal side, and imaging revealed radiolucent bone deterioration within the left mandible. This case report presents the radiological changes observed over a 12-year follow-up period. Variations in radiopacity, radiolucency, and periosteal reactions were noted periodically. This case highlights the radiological characteristics and findings that are crucial for the diagnosis of CNO, a condition for which no clear diagnostic criteria are currently available.

Insoles are used to treat various foot diseases, including plantar foot, diabetic foot ulcers, and refractory plantar fasciitis. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-dimensional image-based (3-D) insole in healthy volunteers with no foot diseases. Additionally, the comfort of the 3-D insole was compared with that of a custom-molded insole. A singlecenter, randomized, open clinical trial was conducted to address the effectiveness of insole use in a healthy population with no foot or knee disease. Two types of arch support insoles were evaluated for their effectiveness: a 3-D insole and a custom-molded insole. Fifty Korean volunteers participated in the study and were randomly allocated into the “3-D insole” (n = 40) or “custom-molding insole” (n = 10) groups. All subjects wore 3-D insoles or custommolded insoles for 2 weeks. The sense of wearing shoes (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and score) and fatigue of the foot were used to assess the insole effects at the end of the 2-week study period. The 3-D insole groups showed significantly improved sense of wearing shoes (VAS, p = 0.0001; score, p = 0.0002) and foot fatigue (p= 0.0005) throughout the study period.Although the number of subjects was different, the custom-molding insole group showed no significant changes in the sense of wearing shoes (VAS, 0.1188; score, p = 0.1483). Foot fatigue in the 3-D insole group improved significantly (p = 0.0005), which shows that a 3-D insole might have favorable effects on foot health in a healthy population.