No abstract available.
Contrast Media* ; Glass* ; Syringes*

CT is the most accurate and reliable method for the diagnosis of intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage. The precise anatomic extent of the hematoma, associated cerebral edema, ventricular deformity anddisplacement, and hydrocephalus are all readily assessed. Aside from head trauma, the principal cause ofintracerbral hematoma is hypertensive vascular disease. Although hematomas from various causes may present similarCT appearances frequetnly the correct etiology may be suggested by considereation of patient's age, clinicalhistory, and the location of the hematoma. The analytical study was performed in 180 cases of intracerebralhamorrhages by CT from Oct. 1981 to Jan. 1983. The results were as follows; 1. The most prevalent age group was6th decade(37.2%) Male was prevalent to female at the ration of 1.6 to 1. 2. The most common symptom and sign wasmental distrubance (48.7%), motor weakness(23%), headache(10.6%), nausea and vomiting (9.8%). 3. The causes ofhemorrhage were hypertension (53.9%), head trauma (30.6%), aneurysm(6.1%) and A-V malformation (7.2%). 4. Thefrequent locations of hemorrhage were basal ganglia and thalamus(40.4%), lobes(35%), ventricles(21.8%). 5. Thedistribution of hemorrhage was intracerebral hemorrhage(65.6%), intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage(30.3%), intraventricular hemorrhage(4.4%).
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Edema ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Male ; Methods ; Nausea ; Vascular Diseases ; Vomiting

Amipaque is a water soluble, non-ionic myelographic contrast media, and owing to its high diagnostic accuracy and safety, its use is gradually increasing. The authors studied the complications after Amipaque lumbermyelography in 61 patients with low back pain during the period from Jan. 1981 to Nov. 1981 in Chung Ang University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Total complication rate was 52%(32 of 61) and there was nosexual difference in its occurrence. 2. In total, no difference in complication rate was found between head-up positioned group with a degree of 30degrees (group I) after procedure and head-up positioned group with a degree of 70degrees (group II) but female patients had more complication rate in group I than in group II (75% vs 50%).Headache was more common in group I and nausea was more common in group II. 3. Headache was most common complicaiton (44%) and there was no sexual difference in its occurrence. 4. No significant difference in complication rate was found between patients proved to have HBP and patients to have not. 5. Complications were less common in patients with punctured level of L4-5 than in patients with L2-3 or L3-4 level puncture.
Contrast Media ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Nausea ; Punctures ; Water

No abstract available.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Statistics as Topic*

This prospective study was done to investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness before excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in myopic eyes and clinical factors including age, sex, left or right eye, myopic degree, and preoperative contact lens wearings, and also the relationship between the changes in postoperative central corneal thickness and age, sex, and myopic degrees. The average values of preoperative groups of less than -6.0D and over -6.0D were 519.78+/-29.87micrometer and 514.63+/-3 0.5 3 micrometerrespectively, showing much thinner value in high degree myopic eyes with statistical significance(p=0.02). Female patient's value was much thinner than male patient's value with statistical significance(p=0.016). The postoperative changes according to time process in central corneal thickness in 79 eyes which were followed up for more than six months were statistically significant(p=0.046). Among the changes in postoperative central corneal thickness, the recovery pace had no relations with age but female patient and over -6.0D in myopic degree showed faster recovery paces than male patient(p=0.035) and under -6.0D in myopic degree respectively during follow up period(p=0.001).
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Male ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Prospective Studies

Based on the 10 domestic theses which conducted a case-control study of elderly gra-vida over 35, meta analysis was made of the postpartum maternal outcome and fetal-neon-atal outcome with elderly gravida over 35 as cases and with gravida under 35 as controls. The findings are as follows: As for fetal-neonatal outcomes, the frequency of low birth weight was twice as high for cases , compared with controls, intrauterine growth retardation 2.4 times as high, macrosomia about 30% higher , congenital anomaly 16% higher , intrauterine fetal death 2.6 times as high, admission to newborn intensive care unit twice as high , and perinatal mortality twice as high. In case of neonatal sex , cases produced 28% more male babies than controls. As for postpartum maternal outcomes , the frequency of cesarean delivery was 2.9 times as high, compared with controls and postpartum hemorrhage 62% higher. Vaginal wall laceration, 3rd degree laceration, 4th degree laceration and cervix laceration all didn`t happen to cases as frequently as controls, while postpartum anemia was observed in cases 2.3 times as often as controls, wound infection 57% more often , bladder dysfunction 32% more , urinary tract infection 72% more and DIC about twice as often. In case of postpartum cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, respiratory infection, hepatitis and sepsis respectively, cases showed 7.4 times higher rate of an attack. Finally , it should be admitted that there are some problems in this study such as controversial hospital data used in analysis, the lack of clear operational definition , the lack of precise P-value, omitted standard deviation and uncontrolled confounding variables.
Aged* ; Anemia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Case-Control Studies ; Cervix Uteri ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dacarbazine ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Lacerations ; Male ; Perinatal Mortality ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sepsis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Wound Infection

Based on the 10 domestic theses which conducted a case-control study of elderly gravida over 35, meta analysis was made of the general and clinical characteristics of cases of elderly gravida over 35 and controls of gravida under 35 with the following result. The percentage of elderly primipara was 0.5 to 2.0 according to a researcher, and that of elderly gravida 3.3 to 4.5. The percentage of elderly primipara and elderly gravida tended to be in reverse proportion to school career. Elderly gravida was found to have twice as many experiences of spontaneous abortion and the same was true of induced abortion. The ratio of cases of controls in antepartum risk factors are as follows: Finally, it should be admitted that there are some problems in this study such as biased selection, the lack of clear operational definition, the lack of precise P-value, omitted standard deviation and uncontrolled confounding variables.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Aged* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Case-Control Studies ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

Authors recorded standard electroretinogram in two groups of diabetic patients. Group A, consisted of 60 eyes with no visible diabetic retinopathy and Group B, 30 eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The electroretinogram was recorded according to the standard electroretinogram procedure recommanded by the ISCEV. In rod and cone response, the amplitude of b wave were 329.0+/-46.9 microvoltin Group A and 308.8+/-37.8 microvoltin Group B. The implicit time of b wave were 40.5+/-3. 0microvoltin Group A and 45.8+/-5.4microvolti n Group B. The summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials were 125.7+/-38.7microvolt in Group A and 112.0+/-17.7microvoltin Group B. Above results indicate that for the disgnostic criteria for diabetic retinopathy, the amplitude and implict time of b wave, and the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials in maximal combined response were useful. On receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves in maximal combined response, cut off value for the amplitude and implicit time of b wave were 315 microvoltand 42ms espectively. Cut off value for the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentia-als was 118 microvolt. In results, on ROC curve, the implicit time of b wave in maximal combined response was most accurate, and the summed amplitude of oscillary potentials was the next, followed by the amplitude of b wave in the maximal combined response.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Early Diagnosis* ; Humans ; ROC Curve

The structure of the arterial wall is formed and controlled by various hemodynamic factors in the adults and fetuses. Furthermore, recent studies of human fetuses at varying stages confirmed that the number of elastic medial lamellar unit (MLU) increased with age and decreased along it length from arch to lower abdominal aorta. Using human fetuses between 9 to 28 week of development, we traced the change in the number of MLU along the arch of aorta from which 3 major branches, the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, arose. The number of MLU along the arch of aorta increased with age, but there were regional differences in the increase. Increase in the number of MLU was prominent in the proximal part of the arch before 15 week of development, but in the distal part after 15 week of development. Branch with greater diameter had more MLU. So the brachiocephalic trunk had the most MLU among 3 branches. When compare the sum of number of MLU in one branch (A) and in the arch after origin of branch (B) to the number of MLU in the arch before origin of brahch (C), A+B was always greater than C. This means that the MLU does not form a complete sheet along the aorta and new MLU is added to the wall of branch probably due to shear stress.
Adult ; Aorta* ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Fetus* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans* ; Subclavian Artery

Meckel's diverticulum is an embryologic derivative of the omphalomesenteric duct and the most commonly encountered congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting 1% to 2% of the general population. Although this prevalence is relatively low, Meckel's diverticulum is occasionally encountered as an incidental identification during abdominal exploration and can be associated with several life-threatening disease states, such as massive intestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, or on rare occasion, perforation. The management of a Meckel's diverticulum found incidentally on laparotomy is controversial because the rate of complications developing from the diverticulum remains uncertain. The data in this report are based on 18 cases of Meckel's diverticulum which were treated at the Department of Surgery, InJe University Sanggye Paik Hospital, during the 7 years between January 1990 and December 1996. The results are as follows: 1) The overall sex ratio of males to females was 5 : 1 and in the symptomatic group, the ratio was 6 : 1. 2) Ninety percent of the patients were under 40 years of age, and 56% were under 10. 3) The diverticula were located from 20 cm to 100 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, and the average range was 53 cm from the ileocecal valve. Fifteen cases were located at the antimesenteric border, and 3 cases at the mesenteric border of the ileum. 4) The lengths of the diverticula ranged from 1cm to 6cm, and the diameters ranged from 0.5 cm to 4.5 cm. 5) Appendicitis and intestinal obstruction were the most frequent preoperative diagnoses in the symptomatic group. 6) The common complications were intestinal obstruction and inflammation. 7) Heterotopic tissues were found in three patients and all of them were ectopic gastric mucosa. 8) The treatment was a diverticulectomy or a segmental resection of the involved bowel. 9) Postoperative complications were found in three of the asymptomatic group: two early intestinal obstructions and one wound infection.
Appendicitis ; Choristoma ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileocecal Valve ; Ileum ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Meckel Diverticulum* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Vitelline Duct ; Wound Infection