An experimental study was performed on 16 rabbits to evaluate the toxicity of benzalkonium chloride(BAK) on the corneal endothelium. Each rabbit received two drops of 0.01% BAK in the right eye and BSS in the left eye as control. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: instillation of BAK 20 times at 6-minute intervals in normal cornea(group 1), instillation of BAK 40 times at 3-minute intervals in normal cornea (group 2), instillation of BAK 20 times at 6-minute intervals in de-epithelized condition with the size of 6mm diameter(group 3) and instillation of BAK 40 times at 3-minute intervals in deepithelized cornea(group 4). After the last instillation of BAK, histopathologic examination was performed with electron microscope. Group 1 showed nearly normal corneal endothelial findings, but group 2, 3 and 4 showed enlarged rough endoplasmic reticulum, partially distrupted Goigi apparatus and mitochodria, the presence of vacuoles and phagosomes. Group 4 showed severe destruction of subcellular structures. The results of this study indicate that an exaggerated use of topical drug containing 0.01% BAK may induce corneal endothelial damage, especially when the epithelium was already damaged.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Cornea ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Epithelium ; Phagosomes ; Rabbits* ; Vacuoles

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare tumor that usually arises from tarsal sebaceous gland. Because the clinical manifestations can masquerade as unilateral recurrent chalasion or chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, its diagnosis may be delayed. Therefore, early biopsy for diagnosis is needed for the persistently recurring unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis. The masquerade syndrome was first described in 1967 by Theodore and Irvine as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis due to an underlying conjunctival carcinoma. While the originally described neoplasms were squamous cell carcinomas, many of the tumors producing this clinical picture are believed to be sebaceous in origin. We experienced a case of pathologically confirmed sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid which originally masqueraded as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and was treated with topical antibiotics and steroids for 1 year and 8 months, finally being treated by partial orbital exenteration.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Conjunctivitis* ; Diagnosis ; Eyelids ; Orbit ; Sebaceous Glands ; Steroids

Photoablation with 193-nm excimer laser was performed on the corneal infiltration after induction of experimental Candida albicans keratitis and Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis in rabbits in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of excimer laser. The excimer laser eradicated the corneal infiltration in all eight eyes of the C, albicans group. In the A, fumigatus group, two corneas were perforated during treatment and one cornea left the fungal hyphae in the deep corneal stroma after treatment. Though it cannot remove the hyphae completely in the deeply invaded fungal keratitis because of corneal perforation during treatment, excimer laser photoablation may be an effective technique to eradicate early, localized, superficial fungal keratitis.
Aspergillus fumigatus ; Candida albicans ; Cornea ; Corneal Perforation ; Corneal Stroma ; Hyphae ; Keratitis* ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Rabbits

This prospective study was done to investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness before excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in myopic eyes and clinical factors including age, sex, left or right eye, myopic degree, and preoperative contact lens wearings, and also the relationship between the changes in postoperative central corneal thickness and age, sex, and myopic degrees. The average values of preoperative groups of less than -6.0D and over -6.0D were 519.78+/-29.87micrometer and 514.63+/-3 0.5 3 micrometerrespectively, showing much thinner value in high degree myopic eyes with statistical significance(p=0.02). Female patient's value was much thinner than male patient's value with statistical significance(p=0.016). The postoperative changes according to time process in central corneal thickness in 79 eyes which were followed up for more than six months were statistically significant(p=0.046). Among the changes in postoperative central corneal thickness, the recovery pace had no relations with age but female patient and over -6.0D in myopic degree showed faster recovery paces than male patient(p=0.035) and under -6.0D in myopic degree respectively during follow up period(p=0.001).
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Male ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Prospective Studies

Authors recorded standard electroretinogram in two groups of diabetic patients. Group A, consisted of 60 eyes with no visible diabetic retinopathy and Group B, 30 eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The electroretinogram was recorded according to the standard electroretinogram procedure recommanded by the ISCEV. In rod and cone response, the amplitude of b wave were 329.0+/-46.9 microvoltin Group A and 308.8+/-37.8 microvoltin Group B. The implicit time of b wave were 40.5+/-3. 0microvoltin Group A and 45.8+/-5.4microvolti n Group B. The summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials were 125.7+/-38.7microvolt in Group A and 112.0+/-17.7microvoltin Group B. Above results indicate that for the disgnostic criteria for diabetic retinopathy, the amplitude and implict time of b wave, and the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials in maximal combined response were useful. On receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves in maximal combined response, cut off value for the amplitude and implicit time of b wave were 315 microvoltand 42ms espectively. Cut off value for the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentia-als was 118 microvolt. In results, on ROC curve, the implicit time of b wave in maximal combined response was most accurate, and the summed amplitude of oscillary potentials was the next, followed by the amplitude of b wave in the maximal combined response.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Early Diagnosis* ; Humans ; ROC Curve

PURPOSE: To study the effect of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection into the bleb after the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant in rabbits. METHODS: Ahmed valve was implanted in normal 10 rabbits without previous ophthalmic history. In 4 of 10 rabbits, 5-FU (50 mg/ml, 0.1ml) was injected into filtering bleb in every two weeks for two times at postoperative 1 month and others were followed up as a control group. We obtained histological findings in 2 rabbis of control group at postoperative 1 month. In the control group and 5-FU injected 4 rabbit eyes, each 2 rabbit eyes were enucleated at postoperative 3 months and 6 months in both groups. The dissected bleb was examined through light microscopy with hematoxyline and eosin (H and E) stain and Masson-Trichrome (M-T) stain, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The bleb was relatively avascular on gross and histological examination in the 5-FU injected group, and collagen fibers of the 5-FU injected group were less compact than that of the control group at postopeative 3 months. The number of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and capillaris in outer layer was decreased in the 5-FU injected group. Under the electron microscopic examination, the density of collagen fibers was decreased and the space among them was widened. This change was more prominent in the 5-FU injected group. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the histological changes of blebs were made by the influx of aqueous humor through the Ahmed glaucoma valve and more stimulated by injection of 5-FU into the bleb after implantation of Ahmed glaucoma valve in a rabbit model.
Aqueous Humor ; Blister* ; Collagen ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorouracil* ; Glaucoma ; Hematoxylin ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rabbits

We have recently experienced a case of ependymoblastoma arising in the posterior fossa. 8 years old Korean boy suffered from headache, vomiting, diplopia and ataxic gait since 4 months prior to admission revealed drowsy mental state papilledema of both eyes, left abducens nerve paralysis, mild cerebellar syndrome in the neurologic examination. The radiological findings of skull revealed increased intracranial pressure and brain CT scan showed calcified round high density mass in the posterior fossa. After 3 weeks of V-P shunt operation, relatively well demarcated grayish-pink mass between the vermis of cerebellum and right cerebellar hemisphere was removed. The histological finding had a pattern of solid cord aroused thin walled blood vessel and typical ependymal rosette. The patient died at 6th postoperative day due to brain stem swelling.
Abducens Nerve ; Blood Vessels ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Diplopia ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Neurologic Examination ; Papilledema ; Paralysis ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

The brain computerized tomography, an epoch-making diagnostic procedure has caused a revolutionary change in the neurosurgical field;the correct localization of small space occupying lesion wherever it is in the brain without pain and harm to the patients. The brain CT findings of 3035 patients which were examined in this hospital during past 29 months from Oct. 1981 to March 1984 were analysed and the literature review was made. The results of analysis are as follows: 37.1% of total 3035 cases were observed abnormal, including 29% of head injured patients, 42.4% of non-trauma cases, 57.6% of emergency cases and 15.2% of non-emergency cases. 2) The rates of abnormal findings were proportional to the degree of consciousness disturbance in the head injured patients and severity of the neurological deficits in the other neurosurgical patients. 3) The follow up studies were performed for 287 patients among 1127 patients having abnormal findings in the first check and we found the improving process of various lesion and the resolving process of hematoma after operation. The follow up studies were performed for 138 patients having normal findings in the first check and 26% of these cases were observed abnormal, including 21.5% of head injured cases and 55% of the non-trauma cases. 4) 94% of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage showed bleedings chiefly in the basal cistern.
Brain* ; Consciousness ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The Na+ K+ ATPase activity, whose disturbance have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of disease processes, have been shown to be reduced in traumatized spinal cord and in ischemic brain made by decapitation or carotid artery occlusion by many authors, but MacMillan contrary documented the increase of this ferment in ischemic rat brain following the electrocautery of the bilateral vertebral arteries and carotid arteries. This experiment was intended to study the cause of the above two contradictory results and the effect of Naloxone to the Na+ K+ ATPase activity following experimental spinal cord injury. Thirty cats were divided to 3 groups : Control No. 1, control No.2 and Naloxone groups. The Na+ K+ ATPase activity was measured by variation of Kang & Lee method and the experimental spinal cord injury was made by falling 20 gm. of iron bar from 20 cm height to exposed thoracic cord. 1) In control No. 1 group the Na+ K+ ATPase activity increased 21.4% after 30 minutes of trauma showing significant difference(p<0.05). 2) In control No. 2 group it increased 13.8%(p<0.01) after 5 minutes, 11.6%(p<0.05) after 30 minutes showing significant difference. 3) In Naloxone group (10 mg/kg was injected I.V. before 30 minutes of trauma) it did not show any significant change after 5 and 30 minutes of trauma. 4) Discussion was made upon above experimental results with literature review.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Cats ; Decapitation ; Electrocoagulation ; Iron ; Naloxone* ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Vertebral Artery

The pathological manifestation of the patient with convulsive seizures has not been clearly proved mostly until the clinical use of brain computerized tomography. The brain C.T. findings, anamnesis, clinical diagnosis in the 133 consecutive patients who admitted to this hospital because of convulsive seizures from Oct. 1981 to Feb. 1983 were analyzed and literature review was made. 1) The C.T. scan revealed structural abnormalities in 46% of patients with seizure disorders, and cortical atrophy non-specific granuloma etc. 2) The older patients had a high rate of abnormal findings in the brain C.T. than younger patients. 3) The patients having short duration of disease history had higher rate of abnormal C.T. findings. 4) The patients with focal seizure had higher abnormal findings than generalized seizure. 5) The patients with seizure only showed C.T. abnormalities in 22% of cases inspite of patients with positive neurological findings showing C.T. abnormalities in 80% of cases. 6) The patients with temporal lobe lesion showed focal seizures usually in higher rate in compare with the patients with lesion in other part of brain.
Atrophy ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed