OBJECTIVETo explore effects on allelopathic autotoxicity of Rehmannia glutinosa of different abatement measures.

METHODThe experiments for abating allelopathic effects of R. glutinosa were designed with the reducing rate as a indication, three measures of the treating soil with lime nitrogen, and water washing were employed, R. glutinosa- Achyranthes bidentata rotation system and using Achyranthes bidentata as green manure, and seedling transplant were also studied for the abatement effect.

RESULTEffect of seedling transplant was the best, reducing rate of transplant and bare root transplant on the 20th day after emergence was 76.80%, 71.70%, respectively. The reducing rate of the treating soil with microorganism reached 54.25%. The effects of water washing and R. glutinosa-A. bidentata rotation system and using A. bidentata as green manure were not satisfied. Especially only using A. bidentata as green manure without rotation system worsened the allelopathic effects of R. glutinosa.

CONCLUSIONAll measures can abate allelopathic effects of R. glutinosa to some extent except only using A. bidentata as green manure.

Crops, Agricultural ; Rehmannia ; growth & development ; toxicity ; Seedlings ; physiology ; Soil Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo research the relationship between the seedling grade of angelica and the biomass accumulation, output and quality of product, so as to provide base for establishing seedling standard.

METHODThirty seedlings of Angelica were collected from the main production area in Gansu province, such as Minxian, Zahngxian, Dangchang and Weiyuan county, all the samples were measured with weigh of single seedling and the seedling were divided into three grade by the clustering analysis results, the grade were made to treatment to do field test and laboratory experiment.

RESULTThe weigh of dry root, above ground and the whole plant in growth period of treatment 2 (the weigh of single seedling between 0.74-1.38 g) were all superior to other treatments and the ck. The treatment 2 had low bolting percentage, the weigh of single root was higher and the yield was the highest. The characters of product from the treatment 2 was well and the content of ferulic acid was higher than the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 year part 1).

CONCLUSIONThe plant from the grade 2 seedling with larger growth increment, higher output and better quality, which can be the best seedling in production.

Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Biomass ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Seedlings

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of seedling quality on growth, yield and quality of Rehmannia glutinosa at harvest and build a basis for its GAP.

METHODThe seedling quality of R. glutinosa in main producing regions was surveyed to understand the current status of seedling quality. Field experiments with different varieties and seedling quality were conducted to measure dry matter accumulation with different growth of R. glutinosa and oligosaccharide content, and economic yield at harvest.

RESULTThe seedling was randomly selected by farmers in R. glutinosa producing regions. Seedling quality could significantly improve on seedling emergence rate, and promote seedling growth, especially with early stage R. glutinosa, finally increase yield at harvest. At harvest, 63% and 50% of yield with A and B seedling could be improved for variety of 85-5, and 50% and 47% of yield could be increased for variety of Beijing No. 1, compared to the C seeding.

CONCLUSIONIn cultivation, the seedlings with the diameter > 1.5 cm should be transplanted firstly.

Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; physiology

OBJECTIVEThe experiments were conducted to study specialty of seed germinating, plant growing and developing and cultural practices of A. edgeworthii.

METHODThe germinating and sowing test, growth habitants, photosensitive reaction of seedling from subterraneous seeds and above ground seeds on A. edgeworthii were studied in this experiment.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that (1) The water could not be absorbed by seed from plant above ground; (2) The underground and above ground seeds could normally germinate, grow, blossom and bear fruits, A. edgeworthii sowed in early May, blossomed in early September and matured in the last ten days of October; (3) The seed leaf of seedling grew underground; (4) The underground seed was produced from subterraneous branch stem which developed from node of seed leaf; (5) A. edgeworthii was shade demanding, high-temperature sensible short-day light plant. The flowering could be greatly advantaged by short-day light treatment (12, 10, 8, 6 h). Cultural practices were studied also in this experiment.

Fabaceae ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Sunlight

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibition effect of winter seedling raising in sunlight-greenhouse on premature bolting of Angelica sinensis.

METHODOne factor of sowing date with 4 levels was tested at random design with 3 repeats.

RESULTSowing date of winter seedling raising had an important effect on seedling growth, seedling mature, plant growth, premature bolting, yield, quality, and extreme significant effect on yield. The bolting date of winter raised seedlings started in middle of July, 50 d later than tranditional seedlings, and bolting peck date was in the last ten days of July, 40 d later than the traditional seedlings. The highest ratio of premature bolting for winter raised seedlings was 1%, and the lowest was 0. A. sinensis roots sowed in November 28 had the highest yield, root dry ratio, ethanol extract, essential oil and ferulic acid contents compared to that in other sowing dates. The best sowing time was from end of November to middle of December.

CONCLUSIONPremature bolting of A. sinensis could be greatly inhibited by winter seedling raising, end of November to middle of December would be the best sowing time for winter seedling raising in greenhouse.

Angelica sinensis ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo provide the basis for standardization cultivation of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium, the relationship between the seedling grading and plant growth, yield and quality were studied.

METHODThe morphological index of the seedlings was measured and the method of principal component and correlation analysis were used to determine the grading index, and step-wise cluster analysis was applied for clustering analysis. Pot experiments were used to measure the indicators of plant growth and development, yield and quality.

RESULTThe height and ground diameter were determined for the quality indicators of the seedlings grading, and the standard quality grading of seedlings of Ch. morifolium was initially set up. The ground diameter of the class I and II were larger than that of the class III, and the number of branches of class I and II was more than that of the class III, on the contrary, the plant height of the class III was higher than that of the class I and II. The shape and appearance of the plant had no effect on the intrinsic quality. Flower center diameter and tubular floret number of the class I and II were significantly larger than those of the class III, so as the yield. The seedling grading had no obvious effect on the internal quality of medicinal material.

CONCLUSIONSeedlings of the class I and class II were suitable for transplanting.

Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; Flowers ; growth & development ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Seedlings ; growth & development

Current study was carried out to optimize the priming condition of Oldenlandia diffusa seeds, and improve germination rate and seed vigor of 0. diffusa seeds under drought conditions. Uniform design was used to optimize the concentration and priming time of three priming materials (PEG, KNO3, GA3). Different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to simulate drought stress. The seedling was cultured in 1/4 Hoagland medium for 30 d. The results showed that seed priming treatment with 366 mg x kg(-1) GA3 for 1h resulted in significant increase in germination rate, germination index, vigor, root length, plant height and biomass of O. diffusa seeds under drought stress (15% PEG), while seed priming with 3.0% KNO3 for 1 h showed little effect on germination and growth of O. diffusa seeds under drought stress. Seed priming treatment with appropriate GA3 concentration and priming time could enhance seed germination and drought resistance of O. diffusa in seedling stage.
Droughts ; Germination ; Oldenlandia ; growth & development ; physiology ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; physiology ; Seeds ; growth & development ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo study the salt stress tolerance of Hongxinju, Huangju and F1 seedlings from orthogonal and reciprocal cross under different salt treatments. Grope for transmissibility of salt tolerance between parents and F1 seedlings, and relativity between flavone, chlorogenic acid contents and salt tolerance.

METHODThe materials were put in 5 different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mmol x L(-1)) containing NaCl, keeping grads while raising the consistency of NaCl day by day. The injured leaf area per plant, proline, betaine, MDA, flavones and chlorogenic acid contents were measured and analyzed after treatment.

RESULTAs NaCl concentration was below 120 mmol x L(-1), the salt tolerance of Hongxinju was higher than that of Huangju, the salt tolerance of Hongxinju x Huangju higher than that of parents, the salt tolerance of Huangju x Hongxinju was at the level of parents. As NaCl concentration between 120 to 160 mmol x L(-1), the salt tolerance of Huangju was higher than that of Hongxinju, the salt tolerance of Huangju x Hongxinju higher than that of parents and the salt tolerance of Hongxinju x Huangju was at the level of parents.

CONCLUSIONSalt tolerance of F1 is more influenced by female parent, relativity showed between flavonoids, chlorogenic acid contents and salt tolerance.

Breeding ; China ; Chlorides ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Salt-Tolerance ; Seedlings ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology

The morphological indexes of the Scuophularia ningpoensis seedlings including the longth, diameter and weight were measured, clustering analysis was used to set up the standard quality grading of seedlings of S. Ningpoensis by SPSS. Field experiment was carried out to measure the indicators of plants growth and development, the yield and the quality. The results showed that the growth and yield of class I seedlings were better than those of class II and III. The content of main active ingredients was affected barely by seedlings classification. To ensure the quality, class II seedlings or above should be used for plantation. The established quality classification standard of S. ningpoensis seedlings was scientific and feasible, and provides the basis for the standardized cultivation of S. ningpoensis.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Quality Control ; Scrophularia ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development

Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes (7, 8 and 9 mm) on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars (AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99). Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses of cultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaCl concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship (P<0.01) between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.
Cicer ; growth & development ; Linear Models ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology