PURPOSE: Beginning in the eighth week of fetal life the neuroblasts migrate from the midline to the periphery to form the gray matter of the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities of cell migration are characterized by ectopic location of neurons in the cerebral cortex. This broad group of anomalies include lissencephaly, schizencephaly, cortical dysplasia, gray matter heterotopia, and unilateral hemimegalencephaly. The purpose of this study was to correlate clinical data with anatomic data, which was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance imaging characteristics that are most useful in predicting clinical METHODS: The clinical records, EEG, and MRI findings of 20 patients with neuronal migration disorders were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The 20 patients with neuronal migration disorders consisted of 11 with lissencephaly, 7 with cortical dysplasia, 2 with heterotopia, and 2 with schizencephaly. Clinically, seizure was the most common symptom in 85%, next developmental delay in 50%, and then delayed speech in 25%, motor deficit 15% in order. The main associated brain anomalies included absence of septum pellucidum in 20%, periventricular leukomalacia in 15%, and corpus callosal agenesis in 15% of Patients. Bilateral involvement of lesion in MRI was 60%, comparing to unilateral lesion in 40% of the patients. The most common involved lobes was frontoparietal region. An abnormality of EEG examination was showed in 11 cases of patients(68.7%). Patients with diffuse, bilateral lesion in MRI findings of neuronal migration disorders had significantly developmental delay than those with unilateral lesion(p=0.0007). Patients with unilateral lesion had significantly motor deficit than those with bilateral lesion(p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Seizures were the most common symptoms among neurological manifestations of neuronal migration disorders. Statistically significant correlations of delayed developement with bilateral lesion and motor deficit with unilateral lesion were found.
Brain* ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Neuronal Migration Disorders* ; Neurons* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Septum Pellucidum

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Takayasu Arteritis*

PURPOSE: We reported the CT and MR findings of 2 cases with Sturge-Weber syndrome which were not accompanied by facial nevi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: They were examined with both CT and MR in one case and with MR only in the other case. RESULTS: CT was better than MR in the demonstration of the characteristic cortical calcification. MR was superior to CT in the depiction of the abnormalities of the surrounding parenchyma and the intense enhancement of pial angiomatosis with Gd-DTPA enhancement. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging could be useful in the demonstration of the presence and extent of pial angiomatosis in patients with suspected Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Angiomatosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nevus* ; Sturge-Weber Syndrome*

We decribe the CT findings in a case of mediastinal hemangioma. Precontrast enhanced CT demonstrated a homogeneous soft tissue mass with weveral nodular calcifications indicating phleboliths. Contrast enhanced CT revealed some areas of enhancement similar to that of adjacent vascular structures. Hemangiomas of the mediastinum, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of enhancing mediastinal masses.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma* ; Mediastinum

A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. SAHs have significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since the 1970s, clipping of intracranial aneurysms has been the standard treatment for SAHs. In the 1990s, a detachable platinum coil device was introduced. This device led to the development of endovascular techniques and reduced the risk of further rupture without a craniotomy. Thus, endovascular coiling has become widely used in patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Regardless of the treatment technique (clipping or endovascular coiling), the goal of occluding aneurysms is the prevention of rebleeding in ruptured aneurysms and rupture in UIAs. These two treatment techniques have advantages and disadvantages. The question of which technique is more effective in patients with intracranial aneurysms remains controversial. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the effect of coiling versus clipping of intracranial aneurysms.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Comprehension ; Craniotomy ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Platinum ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Kallman syndrome is characterised by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia. T1 weighted MR coronal images show the bilateral absence or hypoplasia of olfactory bulbs, tracts, and sulci. We report the MR findings of Kallmann syndrome and revew the literature.
Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome* ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Bulb

A patient with symptomatic dural fistula involving the cavernous sinus did intermittant external manual compression of the cervical carotid artery and jugular vein. We observed complete closure of fistula with improvement of symptoms either clinically or at angiography done 6 weeks later, and recommend this technique with clinical follow up and angiography in selected cases before more definitive therapy is employed.
Angiography ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jugular Veins

No abstract available.
Blood Cells* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) with acute cerebral ischemic events and progression of stenosis using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2014 to December 2016, 53 patients underwent carotid plaque MR imaging, including magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence. A total of 66 carotid arteries in 53 patients had carotid stenosis, and they were included in this study. Carotid arteries were classified according to the presence of IPH, the age of hemorrhage, and degree of stenosis. We assessed ipsilateral cerebrovascular event rates and progression of stenosis between the IPH and no-IPH groups. RESULTS: Of the 61 carotid arteries assessed, 34 (56%) had IPH, and 27 (44%) had no IPH. Acute cerebral ischemic events were more frequent in the IPH group (47% vs. 22%, P = 0.045), especially in the < 30%-stenosis group (100% vs. 0%, P = 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ischemic events according to the age of hemorrhage (50% vs. 44%, P = 0.492). Among the 61 carotid arteries, 20 carotid arteries had previously undergone carotid artery imaging and were evaluated for plaque progression. The trend for progression of stenosis favored the IPH group versus the no-IPH group, with a marginal P-value (20% ± 12.7 vs. 9.6% ± 5.7, P = 0.063). CONCLUSION: IPH was associated with an increased incidence of acute ischemic events, especially in the mild-stenosis group and it was also associated with progression of stenosis. Evaluation of the carotid IPH by carotid plaque MR could improve discrimination of carotid plaques that cause ischemic events and progression of stenosis.
Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Stroke