The axolotl has extraordinary regeneration capacity compared to other vertebrates. This remarkable potential has been attributed to its life-long neoteny, characterized by the exhibition of embryonic characteristics at the adult stage. A recent study provided a detailed morphological analysis of the sperm morphology of the Ambystoma mexicanum using routine and detailed histological techniques. The primary purpose of the present study is to describe a simple and inexpensive method for evaluating the morphology of axolotl sperm. In this study, spermatophore structures were collected and spread on slides and air-dried. The slides were stained with periodic acid Schiff, toluidine blue, Masson’s trichrome, Giemsa, Spermac, and Diff-Quik dye for a morphological examination. The slides were coated with gold/palladium for a scanning electron microscopy examination. The sperm of the axolotl consisted of an elongated head, a neck, and a flagellum covered with an undulating membrane. The lengths of the midpiece, tail, and head were 8.575 µm, 356.544 µm, and 103.661 µm, respectively. In the flagellum part, the wavy membrane structure, whose function has not been explained, surrounds the tail. The data obtained from this study will constitute an important step in designing future research on the reproductive and regeneration capacity of the axolotl.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of injection of conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-CM) in a surgically created varicocele model in comparison with varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, varicocele group, varicocelectomy group, and ADMSC-CM injection group. Sperm parameters were analyzed in samples taken from the epididymis after treatment. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood samples were examined by biochemical analysis. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination (Johnsen’s Score). Additionally, Western Blot analyzes were performed to detect Claudin-11 levels, the functional protein of the blood-testis barrier, in testicular tissues. Results: Varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM treatments significantly improved mean sperm parameters (concentration, progressive motility, motility, normal sperm morphology) (p≤0.05 for all). Both treatment groups had increased SOD levels along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (p≤0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the ADMSC-CM group and the varicocelectomy group in preserving normal testicular histology according to Johnsen’s Score (p=0.114). Levels of Claudin-11 were significantly higher in the varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM groups compared to the varicocele group (p≤0.05 for all). Conclusions The therapeutic effects of ADMSC-CM in varicocele model may involve secretion of anti-inflammatory and regenerative factors from ADMSC. ADMSC-CM injection appears to be a promising new strategy in the treatment of varicocele.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of injection of conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-CM) in a surgically created varicocele model in comparison with varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, varicocele group, varicocelectomy group, and ADMSC-CM injection group. Sperm parameters were analyzed in samples taken from the epididymis after treatment. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood samples were examined by biochemical analysis. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination (Johnsen’s Score). Additionally, Western Blot analyzes were performed to detect Claudin-11 levels, the functional protein of the blood-testis barrier, in testicular tissues. Results: Varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM treatments significantly improved mean sperm parameters (concentration, progressive motility, motility, normal sperm morphology) (p≤0.05 for all). Both treatment groups had increased SOD levels along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (p≤0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the ADMSC-CM group and the varicocelectomy group in preserving normal testicular histology according to Johnsen’s Score (p=0.114). Levels of Claudin-11 were significantly higher in the varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM groups compared to the varicocele group (p≤0.05 for all). Conclusions The therapeutic effects of ADMSC-CM in varicocele model may involve secretion of anti-inflammatory and regenerative factors from ADMSC. ADMSC-CM injection appears to be a promising new strategy in the treatment of varicocele.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of injection of conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-CM) in a surgically created varicocele model in comparison with varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, varicocele group, varicocelectomy group, and ADMSC-CM injection group. Sperm parameters were analyzed in samples taken from the epididymis after treatment. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood samples were examined by biochemical analysis. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination (Johnsen’s Score). Additionally, Western Blot analyzes were performed to detect Claudin-11 levels, the functional protein of the blood-testis barrier, in testicular tissues. Results: Varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM treatments significantly improved mean sperm parameters (concentration, progressive motility, motility, normal sperm morphology) (p≤0.05 for all). Both treatment groups had increased SOD levels along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (p≤0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the ADMSC-CM group and the varicocelectomy group in preserving normal testicular histology according to Johnsen’s Score (p=0.114). Levels of Claudin-11 were significantly higher in the varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM groups compared to the varicocele group (p≤0.05 for all). Conclusions The therapeutic effects of ADMSC-CM in varicocele model may involve secretion of anti-inflammatory and regenerative factors from ADMSC. ADMSC-CM injection appears to be a promising new strategy in the treatment of varicocele.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of injection of conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-CM) in a surgically created varicocele model in comparison with varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, varicocele group, varicocelectomy group, and ADMSC-CM injection group. Sperm parameters were analyzed in samples taken from the epididymis after treatment. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood samples were examined by biochemical analysis. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination (Johnsen’s Score). Additionally, Western Blot analyzes were performed to detect Claudin-11 levels, the functional protein of the blood-testis barrier, in testicular tissues. Results: Varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM treatments significantly improved mean sperm parameters (concentration, progressive motility, motility, normal sperm morphology) (p≤0.05 for all). Both treatment groups had increased SOD levels along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (p≤0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the ADMSC-CM group and the varicocelectomy group in preserving normal testicular histology according to Johnsen’s Score (p=0.114). Levels of Claudin-11 were significantly higher in the varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM groups compared to the varicocele group (p≤0.05 for all). Conclusions The therapeutic effects of ADMSC-CM in varicocele model may involve secretion of anti-inflammatory and regenerative factors from ADMSC. ADMSC-CM injection appears to be a promising new strategy in the treatment of varicocele.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of injection of conditioned medium of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-CM) in a surgically created varicocele model in comparison with varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, varicocele group, varicocelectomy group, and ADMSC-CM injection group. Sperm parameters were analyzed in samples taken from the epididymis after treatment. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood samples were examined by biochemical analysis. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination (Johnsen’s Score). Additionally, Western Blot analyzes were performed to detect Claudin-11 levels, the functional protein of the blood-testis barrier, in testicular tissues. Results: Varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM treatments significantly improved mean sperm parameters (concentration, progressive motility, motility, normal sperm morphology) (p≤0.05 for all). Both treatment groups had increased SOD levels along with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels (p≤0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the ADMSC-CM group and the varicocelectomy group in preserving normal testicular histology according to Johnsen’s Score (p=0.114). Levels of Claudin-11 were significantly higher in the varicocelectomy and ADMSC-CM groups compared to the varicocele group (p≤0.05 for all). Conclusions The therapeutic effects of ADMSC-CM in varicocele model may involve secretion of anti-inflammatory and regenerative factors from ADMSC. ADMSC-CM injection appears to be a promising new strategy in the treatment of varicocele.