Authors report a case of giant mucocele at frontal sinus. It was so large that almost whole portion of ipsilateral frontal lobe was compressed. Nevertheless presenting symptom was exceptionally trivial. With brief review of literatures, we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and so on.
Frontal Lobe ; Frontal Sinus* ; Mucocele*

This study was designed to identify the ultrastructural changes of mouse endometrum during peri-implantation period and obtain the fundamental information for the establishment of 3-dimensional culture system of mouse endometrial cells in vitro. The used female ICR mice (6~8 wks) were conducted on pregnant. The biopsies were obtained from whole uterus at cycle day 1 (D1) and day 5 (D5) after hCG injection and mating. The biopsies materials were fixed 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide. Subsequently, for observation using light and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM), they were dehydrated and embedded in Epon and the embedded biopsies were sectioned and stained. For scanning electron microscypy (SEM), the fixed specimens were dehydrated, dried and coated with gold. 1)For LM, the biopsied materials at D5 (late secretory phase) were appeared the extended stromal layer by increased connective tissues and the fully developed endometrial glands and vessels compared with D1 (early secretory phase). 2) For TEM, the mouse endometrium was consisted of 3-layers, a simple polarized columnar epithelial cells, basement membrane and stromal cells. At D5, the distribution of microvilli, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lipid and glycogen deposits, secretory granules and surface area of basement membrane were increased. 3) For SEM, the degree of folding and microvilli of surface of mouse epithelial cells was became more and more according to the process of secretory phase, and at D5, implantation time of mouse, the appearance of pinopodes as a specific marker of uterine receptivity was found. The uterine pinopodes of mouse were found in narrow sites at the luminal surface, irregularity and appeared the different stages in the same sample. Therefore, these results indicated that the mouse endometrium was experienced dramatic morphological changes during peri-implantation period.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Connective Tissue ; Endometrium* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Glutaral ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microvilli ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Phenobarbital ; Secretory Vesicles ; Stromal Cells ; Uterus

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of laser-assisted zona thinning (LAZT) at one or four-points on the blastocyst formation and hatching process in mice with respect to female age. METHODS: Eight-cell or morula embryos collected from superovulated C57BL female mice with different ages (6-11 and 28-31 weeks) were treated with LAZT at one-point (LAZT1) or four-points (LAZT4). The zona pellucida was thinned to more than 70% of its initial thickness by making two holes of 15-20 microm. RESULTS: In the young mice, LAZT resulted in a significant increase in early hatching and hatching rates compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in the old mice, LAZT significantly increased blastocyst formation as well as early hatching and hatching compared to the controls (p<0.05). These effects were more remarkable in LAZT4 than in LAZT1 and in aged mice than in young ones. CONCLUSION: These results show that multi-point LAZT leads to a significant improvement of blastocyst formation and hatching in mice compared to controls.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Mice* ; Morula ; Zona Pellucida

OBJECTIVES: The aim of study was to examine the prevalence of night eating syndrome(NES) and its correlates in schizophrenic outpatients. METHODS: The 14 items of self-reported night eating questionnaire(NEQ) was administered to 201 schizophrenic patients in psychiatric outpatient clinic. We examined demographic and clinical characteristics, body mass index(BMI), subjective measures of mood, sleep, binge eating, and weight-related quality of life using Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Binge Eating Scale(BES) and Korean version of Obesity-Related Quality of Life Scale(KOQoL), respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of night eaters in schizophrenic outpatients was 10.4%(21 of 201). Comparisons between NES group and non-NES group revealed no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status and BMI. Compared to non-NES, patients with NES reported significantly greater depressed mood and sleep disturbance, more binge eating pattern, and decreased weight-related quality of life. While 'morning anorexia' and 'delayed morning meal'(2 of 5 NES core components in NEQ) were not differed between groups, 'nocturnal ingestions', 'evening hyperphagia', and 'mood/sleep' were more impaired in NES group. CONCLUSION: These findings are the first to describe the prevalence and its correlates of night eaters in schizophrenic outpatients. These results suggest that NES has negative mental health implications, although it was not associated with obesity. Further study to generalize these results is required.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Bulimia ; Depression ; Eating* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Obesity ; Outpatients* ; Prevalence* ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) as a measure of the night eating syndrome (NES) in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The behavioral and psychological symptoms of NES were assessed with the 14-item self-report questionnaire (NEQ). Body weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Subjective estimates of depression, binge eating patterns, sleep quality and weight-related quality of life were evaluated using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Korean version of Obesity-related Quality of Life (KOQoL) Scale. RESULTS: Among 165 schizophrenic outpatients who completed the NEQ, 15 (9.1%) patients screened as having NES (total NEQ > or =25). The NEQ demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.72), and the item-total correlations (r=0.29-0.75 ; p<0.001, respectively) were acceptable, except for morning anorexia. A principal components analysis revealed five factors (nocturnal ingestions, evening hyperphagia, mood/sleep, morning anorexia, and delayed morning meal), which explained 65.7% of the total variance. Although the NEQ total score was not correlated with BMI, age at onset, duration of illness, or use of atypical antipsychotics, it was significantly correlated with total scores on the BDI, BES, PSQI and KOQoL. Test-retest reliability was also good (r=0.74, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the NEQ appears to be an efficient, valid measure of NES in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Anorexia ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bulimia ; Depression ; Eating ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Outpatients ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia

We have analysed 111 cases of subdural hygroma that were development after various neurosurgical conditions including head injuries. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The peak incidence was the age of 50's and occured most frequently in male. 2) Causes were head injuries(91 cases), traumatic intracranial hematoma removal(10 cases), operation for intracranial aneurysms(4 cases), hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation(2 cases), ventriculoperitoneal shunt(2 cases), brian tumor removal(1 cases), arachnoid cyst excision(1 cases), and cerebral infarction(1 cases). 3) Acute subdural hematoma was most often associated with complex subdural hygrom. 4) Clinical manifestations were headache, altered mental state, disorientation, nausea in order. 5) Operation were underwent in 27 cases and surgical complications were reaccumulation and pneumocephalus in order. 6) Mortality rate was 6.3%. 7) The prognois of the simple hygroma was very good, but the complex was not.
Arachnoid ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Male ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Pneumocephalus ; Subdural Effusion*

Actinomycosis is a disease caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces species (predominantly Actinomyces israelii), which is a common and normally nonpathogenic organism found in the nose and throat. The four major clinical presentations of actinomycosis include the cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic region. Actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose because of variable presentation and fastidious nature of the organism in culture. A high index of suspicion and biopsy are often necessary to make the diagnosis, because the disease can mimic neoplasm or a chronic granulomatous infection. We present, with the appropriate review, a case of actinomycosis in the mandibular angle area which was mistaken for a parotid abscess.
Abscess* ; Actinomyces ; Actinomycosis ; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Nose ; Pelvis ; Pharynx

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric oxide (NO) production in the respiratory epithelium and the demonstration of inducible nitric oxide synthase in ciliated epithelium of the upper airway have recently been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the nasal epithelium after capsaicin treatment, which stimulates the substance P innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo treatment -Capsaicin (112 nM) was applied to the nasal cavities of the rat and guinea pig, and 30 nl of normal saline was applied for the control groups. After 2 hours, animals were sacrificed with cardiac perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde and septal mucosa were removed. The 8 nm serial frozen tissue sections were made, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was determined using nicotinamide adenine diphosphate-diaphorase histochemistry. In vitro treatment- The nasal septum of the rats and the trachea of the guinea pigs were incubated in DMEM culture media with or without 112 nM capsaicin for experimental or control groups. After 0, 30 or 120 minutes of incubation, the tissues were fixed and processed for nicotinamide adenine diphosphate-diaphorase histochemistry. RESULTS: Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the strong positive histochemical reactivity were observed in the respiratory epithelium of the rats and guinea pigs after capsaicin treatment compared to control groups. CONCLUSION: These data imply that capsaicin induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and that the substance P innervation of the nasal mucosa may have a protective role in the airway defense mechanism through nitric oxide production.
Adenine ; Animals ; Capsaicin* ; Culture Media ; Epithelium* ; Guinea Pigs ; Guinea* ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Septum ; Niacinamide ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II* ; Perfusion ; Rats* ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Substance P ; Trachea

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial factors influencing suicidal ideation of community dwelling elderly, using the senior community center in Jeonnam Province.METHODS: A total of 2,202 subjects (369 males, 1,833 females) were recruited. We evaluated sociodemographic factors, using a self-reporting questionnaire. Subjects completed the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form Korean Version (SGDS), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean version of the General Health Questionale-12 (GHQ-12) and Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS), to assess psychosocial factors affecting suicidal ideation.RESULTS: Among 2,202 subjects, 179 (8.1%) reported recent suicidal ideation. Self-perceptive health status (p < 0.001) and physical disease (p=0.002) revealed differences between two groups. The scores of four scales in the suicidal group were significantly different from the control group: SGDS (p < 0.001) and GHQ-12 (p < 0.001) were higher, while MSPSS (p < 0.001) and SWLS (p < 0.001) were lower, in the suicidal ideation group than the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that physical disease (OR 2.575, 95%CI 1.022–6.492), SGDS (OR 1.181, 95%CI 1.120–1.246) and GHQ-12 (OR 1.192, 95%CI 1.108–1.283), were significantly associated with suicidal ideation.CONCLUSION: Findings support that physical disease, depression, and general mental health may correlate to suicidal ideation in the elderly.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Jeollanam-do ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Health ; Psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: This study examined how mental health status influenced suicidal ideation among community-dwelling elderly at senior citizen centers in Korea.METHODS: Data were obtained from a survey on elderly mental health in Jeollanam-do (a southwest province in Korea) conducted by the Jeollanam-do Provincial Mental Health and Welfare Center. In total, 4,113 people were recruited from all 22 cities in Jeollanam-do. We evaluated sociodemographic factors and mental health status using self-reported questionnaires, namely, the Suicidal Ideation Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form Korean Version, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Korean version of the General Health Questionale-12, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, to assess psychosocial factors affecting suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the factors associated with suicidal ideation.RESULTS: Among the 4,113 subjects, 325 (7.9%) reported recent suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that depression (p<0.001), low-level social support and life satisfaction (p=0.006), poor general mental health (p<0.001), physical disease (p=0.009), and poor self-perceived health status (p=0.039) were significantlyassociated with suicidal ideation.CONCLUSION: The presence of physical disease, poor self-perceived health status, depression, and poor general mental health conditions increase the risk of suicide ideation among the elderly. Social support and life satisfaction affected their suicidal ideation independently of depression.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide