PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle.METHODS: This was a retrospective study that was carried out between June 2010 and October 2015. In this study, 3,224 intubated patients were included. The VAP bundle which was applied to Group 1 patients (n=470) included head-of-bed elevation to 30 degrees, cuff pressure monitorization, prophylaxis of peptic ulcer, and prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. The VAP bundle for Group 2 patients (n=1,914) included all the elements of the VAP bundle for Group 1 patients and one additional element which was oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine. The VAP bundle for Group 3 patients (n=870) added sedative interruption and assessment of readiness to extubate to the VAP bundle for Group 2.RESULTS: The numbers and incidences of VAP were significantly different among the three groups. Moreover, there were significant differences among groups in ICU length of stay and mortality.CONCLUSION: Three different VAP prevention bundles made different effects in patient outcomes.
Chlorhexidine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Patient Care Bundles ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Retrospective Studies ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify nurses' job satisfaction, patients' satisfaction, and direct nursing time according to the change in grade of nursing management fee.METHODS: Descriptive design was used in this study. Nurses (n = 200) and patients (n = 200) were recruited from one university hospital in Busan. Four aspects were measured: direct nursing time, overtime, nurses' job satisfaction, and patients' satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2-tests, and t-tests.RESULTS: There was a significant difference in patient satisfaction (t = -2.09, p = .038) and direct nursing time (t = -4.77, p < .001) when the nurse staffing grade was changed from the level two to the level one.CONCLUSION: The findings from this study showed that a higher nurse-to-patient ratio can provide a greater amount of direct nursing time for individual patients and increase patient satisfaction.
Busan ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing ; Patient Satisfaction