This paper introduced some major calamities on the sea in the world during 1904- 1988 and in Vietnam during 1985-1999 and some traffic accidents on the sea. The diseases related with the accidents on the sea included the water- drowning, trauma and burn. The salvage and first aid reduced mortality and life are saving. It should prepare ready the salvage team under-multisector combination.
Seafood ; sea

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Sea Urchins* ; Sports*

Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin lesion caused by injury with sea urchin. Two types of sea urchin reaction have been noted: immediated and delayed. It has been known to form granuloma in most cases of delayed reaction histopathologically. However, 30% of cases are non-granulomatous inflammation. We describe two cases of delayed skin reaction by sea urchin. One showed a predominant inflammatory reaction with features of non-specific chronic inflammation. We recommend to use other name for delayed reaction of sea urchin rather than 'sea urchin granuloma'.
Granuloma ; Inflammation ; Sea Urchins* ; Skin*

We examined the child-rearing environmental factors that affect the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) using a nationwide survey. Infants who died due to SIDS between January 1996 and June 1997 in Japan were identified from death certificates. Controls of the same gender, birthplace, and birth months as the corresponding SIDS were chosen from birth certificates. Interviews of both cases and controls were undergone in January and February, 1998 by public health nurses. The following child-rearing factors exhibited a significant relationship with the occurrence of SIDS: Concerning the sleeping position, the prone position was associated with increased risk compared with the supine position, with an odds ratio of 3.02 (95% c.i. 2.07~4.65). Regarding the feeding method, artificial feeding alone demonstrated a higher risk than breast feeding alone, with an odds ratio of 4.92 (95% c.i. 2.78~9.63). With regard to smoking, infants with both parents who smoked exhibited a higher risk than infants where neither parent smoked, with an odds ratio of 3.50 (95% c.i. 1.74~8.32).
Sudden infant death syndrome ; occurrence ; Lower case sea ; Risk ; Affect

The signaling pathways leading to cellular protection or cell death following exposure to heavy metals have not been fully clarified. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), i.e., extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK transmit extracellular signals into the nucleus, and have been shown to participate in a diverse array of cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Treatment with cadmium, inorganic mercury or tributyltin can activate ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, and induces the expression of c-fos and c-jun genes prior to the development of apoptosis. However, the members of the MAPK family appear to be differentially activated depending on the heavy metal and the cell type exposed. Consequently, various cellular responses may be caused by the distinct pattern of MAPKs activation. MAPKs may be one of the important cellular signal transduction pathways affected by various environmental pollutants, including heavy metals.
Metals, Heavy ; Cellular biology ; Protein Kinases ; activate ; Lower case sea

Sea-blue or ceroid histiocytosis is a storage phenomena associated with a variety of conditions especially abnormal lipid metabolism and particularly hyperlipoproteinemia. It is characterized by histiocytic proliferation in the bone marrow and spleen, contain-ing sea-blue inclusions by Romanovsky stain. The present case is a 1 1/2 year-old Korean boy who had marked enlargement of the spleen which was eventually removed. Aspirates of the bone marrow and histology of the spleen disclosed an enormous proliferation of histiocytes containing numerous cytoplasmic inclusions which stained sea-blue with Wright stain, was strongly positive to PAS and weakly positive to oil red-O and Sudan black B in frozen and in paraffin embedded section. Ultrastructually histiocytes were marked1y hypertrophic and contained numerous cytoplasmic inclusions which showed three distinct types and conglomeration of all three types, presumably representing age or maturation steps of the inclusions. The ear1y type consisted of a high electron dense core or deposits within a low electron dense matrix, evolving into homogeneous moderately electron dense inclusion and finally a well developed finger print-like internal structure. Analysis of the plasma lipid disclosed type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Types of hyperlipoproteinemia previously reported in association with sea-blue histiocytosis were type-I, III, IV and V, and this is the first case of type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia.
Child, Preschool ; Human ; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial/complications* ; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial/pathology ; Male ; Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome/complications* ; Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome/pathology ; Spleen/pathology

Sea anemone dermatitis, caused by the toxin of sea anemones (member of phylum Cnidaria), is characterized by erythematous papules, wheals, or vesicles, accompanied by pain and itching. A 25-year old woman presented with multiple erythematous papules on her right forearm, after contact with a sea anemone while scuba diving. She took both courses of an acute toxic reaction and a delayed allergic reaction.
Adult ; Cnidaria ; Dermatitis* ; Diving ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Pruritus ; Sea Anemones*

Two rare cases of human infection with parvum (dwarf) type of Diphyllobothrium latum [syn. D parvum (Stephens,1908)], were discovered in Korea. The first case was a 46-year old houseife, from whom a kind of pseudophyllidean tapeworm eggs was detected in the feces. She was treated with praziquantel and purged, and a complete strobila with scolex, 120 cm in total length, was recovered. She recalled that she had eaten raw trouts at a raw-fish restaurant near the Chungju Lake. Another patient was a 22-year old medical student (male), who used to eat raw sea-foods. He discovered a chain of tapeworm proglottids, 15 cm in length, discharged spontaneously in his stool and brought it for identification. The worms from the two cases were compatible with D. parvum (Stephens, 1908) of which the taxonomic significance has long been questioned. After a detailed morphological study and review of literature, we designated the worms as D. latum parvum type. This is the first report on the occurrence of this rare type of D. latum infection in Korea.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Diphyllobothrium latum parvum type ; sea-food ; human ; case report

Seabather's eruption (SBE) is characterized by pruritic erythematous papules on the covered areas of the body that appear within 24 hours after exposure to seawater. SBE is known to be caused by the planula of a thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata) or a sea anemone (Edward siellalineata). We report cases of two adult male triathletes who developed pruritic erythematous papules on the chest and back after a swim training along the coastal waters of Samal island, Davao City. Examination of samples of the seawater revealed multiple planulae or larval forms of cnidarians. The histopathologic examination revealed moderately dense superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrates consisting predominantly of lymphocytes, few eosinophils and neutrophils. Treatment with a short course of systemic corticosteroids proved beneficial in both patients. A review of published literature regarding this interesting aquatic sports dermatosis was also conducted.

Human ; Male ; Adult ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Eosinophils ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Scyphozoa ; Sea Anemones ; Seawater ; Skin Diseases

OBJECTIVETo identify the variety of the sea cucumber sold in market.

METHODFigure and bone pieces observed for the microstructures.

RESULT8 varieties were identified as Lessonothurea Deichmann, Thymiosycia Pearson, Microthele Brandt and Metriatyla Rowe of Holothuria, Bohadschia, Stichopus and Thelenota.

CONCLUSIONThe bone pieces in ora, anus, back, abdomen and tentacle of sea cucumber are different. They are the important bases to identify sea cucumber.

Animals ; Materia Medica ; classification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Sea Cucumbers ; anatomy & histology ; classification