Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of progesterone combined with nifedipine in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi.Methods A total of 94 patients with upper ureteral calculi werc divided into control group and treatment group,47 cases in cach group.Patients in control group were given anisodamine hydrochloride injection 5-10 mg by intramuscular injection,qd.Patients in treatment group received progesterone injection 20 mg by intramuscular injection,bid and nifedipine tablets 10 mg by under tongue,tid.All patients were treated for 14 d.The clinical efficacy,C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy in treatment group was 95.74％ (45/47 cases),had significant difference with that in control group,which was 82.98％ (39/47 cases,P ＜0.05).The levels of CRP and IL-6 in treatment group were (2.17 ± 0.25) mg · L-1,(4.72 ± 0.51) ng · L-1,had significant difference with those in control group,which were(3.45 ±0.42) mg· L-1,(8.34±0.89) ng · L-1 (P ＜0.05).The main adverse drug reactions in treatment group were dry mouth,blurred vision and rashes,the incidence rate was 6.38％ (3/47 cases).The main adverse drug reactions were dry mouth,rapid heart beat,difficulty urinating and rashes in control group,the incidence rate was 10.64％ (5/47 cases,P ＞ O.05).Conclusion Progesterone combined with nifedipine in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi was effective with high safety.

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that ginseng modulate the nociceptive transmission. Authors examined the role of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the antinociceptive action of Korean red ginseng against the formalin-induced pain at the spinal level. METHODS: Catheters were inserted into the intrathecal space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty microl of 5% formalin solution was injected to the hindpaw for induction of pain and formalin-induced pain (flinching response) was observed. The role of spinal adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the effect of Korean red ginseng was assessed by antagonists (prazosin, yohimbine, atropine and mecamylamine). RESULTS: Intrathecal Korean red ginseng produced a dose-dependent suppression of the flinching response in the rat formalin test. All of prazosin, yohimbine, atropine and mecamylamine antagonized the antinociception of Korean red ginseng. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal Korean red ginseng is effective against acute pain and facilitated pain state evoked by formalin injection. All of alpha 1, alpha 2, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors may play an important role in the antinociceptive action of Korean red ginseng at the spinal level.
Acute Pain ; Animals ; Atropine ; Catheters ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Male ; Mecamylamine ; Pain Measurement ; Panax ; Prazosin ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Spinal Cord ; Yohimbine