No abstract available.
Facial Asymmetry*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: Hyponatremia (Na<135 mEq/L) is associated with cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the incidence was reported as 9-34% of treated cases of SAH. This study was undertaken to clarify the clinical factors of hyponatremia in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: Total 170 consecutive patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were included in this study and the incidence and timing of hyponatremia were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical severity quantified by the Hunt and Hess grade and Fisher's grade at admission, location of ruptured aneurysm, presence of vasospasm, onset of hyponatremia, development of hydrocephalus and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were analyzed in patients with hyponatremia. RESULTS: Hyponatremia occurred in 32 (40.5%) of 79 patients with anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm group, in 18 (40.0%) of 45 patients with internal cerebral artery (ICA) aneurysm group and in nine (22.5%) of 40 patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm group. Hyponatremia occurred significantly more often in cases with vasospasm and hyrocephalus (p<0.05). Among vasospasm cases, hyponatremia was not associated with the location of aneurysm or hydrocepalus. Respective days of onset for symptomatic vasospasm and for hyponatremia were day 7.2+/-3.3 and day 9.9+/-5.5 following SAH (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia occurred more frequently in patients with vasospasm and hydrocephalus. The onset of hyponatremia was delayed by 3 days following symptomatic vasospasm. Since careful observation for hyponatremia is required during therapy in patients with vasospasm.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Brain Ischemia ; Cerebral Arteries ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hyponatremia* ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The Jarcho-Levin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a short neck, short trunk, and a constricted thorax, and is due to multiple vertebral and rib defects. The small size of the thorax frequently leads to respiratory insufficiency and death in neonates or infants. This syndrome also combines with various kinds of anomalies, especially renal anomalies. We report an infant with Jarcho-Levin syndrome combined with fusion of both kidneys who was referred from a local obstetric clinic for cyanosis and respiratory difficulty.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Cyanosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Neck ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ribs ; Thorax

An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(Bland-White-Garland syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation and sometimes fatal. It is caused by an abberant endothelial budding from or an anomalous division of the truncus arteriosus. Echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal) and angiographical imaging are essential for the diagnosis of this anomaly. Corrective Surgery is recommended due to its fatal natural course. A case was diagnosed in a 45-year-old man who presented with intermittent palpitation. This patient was successfully treated with closure of anomalous left coronary artery orifice combined with right saphenous vein graft anastomosis.
Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants ; Truncus Arteriosus

The authors retrospectively analysed the ultrasonographic findings of 43 cases of surgically confirmed hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and their postoperative findings of sonograms taken at 1 month(n=40) or 3 months( n=5) after pyloromyotomy. In preoperative study, the thickened pyloric muscle was isoechoic or slight hypoechoic relative to liver on the midline longitudinal view and appeared as a "nonuniform acoustic ring" on the transverse view. The results of measurement in the all cases with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were the pyloric thickness ≥3.8mm, the pyloric diameter ≥14mm, the pyloric channel length ≥16mm, the pyloric muscle volume ≥2.21Cm
Acoustics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Methods ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Renal graft mass has been known as a determinant of the outcome after kidney transplantation. We evaluated the correlation between the donated kidney weight and the recipient's creatinine clearance (Ccr), the donated kidney weight and serum creatinine (Scr) as well as the correlation between the donor traits and graft function after living-donor transplantation in adults. METHODS: The weight of a donated kidney was measured just after flushing during the operative procedures, and the recipient's Scr was measured on a daily basis postoperatively. When the Scr of the recipient reached the baseline level, we collected the recipient's 24-hour urine for the Ccr calculation. Based on the measured body weight and height, body surface area (BSA) and lean body weight (LBW) were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out using the SPSS. RESULTS: The weight of donated kidney was significantly correlated with the post-transplant recipient's Ccr (P=0.022). Scr was significantly correlated with the variable of graft weight/ recipient body weight ratio (P=0.047, Pearson correlation=-0.539), graft weight/recipient BSA ratio (P=0.028, Pearson correlation=-0.438), graft weight./recipient LBW ratio (P=0.001, Pearson correlation=-0.603), donor body weight/recipient body weight ratio (P<0.001, Pearson correlation= 0.667), donorBSA/recipient BSA ratio (P<0.001, Pearson correlation=0.743), donor LBW/recipient LBW ratio (p<0.001 Pearson correlation=0.759). CONCLUSIONS: It may be appropriate to select potential living donors based on the predicted size of the kidney, especially for the recipient who will likely to have higher metabolic demands.
Adult ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Flushing ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Living Donors* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: To evaluate useful findings and diagnostic value of TI-201 thyroid scan in differentiating benign from malignant nodules. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied 77 cold thyroid nodules proven histologically(27 malignat and 50 benign). Early (5--15rain) and delayed images(3--5hours) were obtained after intravenous injection of thallium 201. In these nodules, we retrospectively analyzed the degree of TI-201 uptake in early and delayed images, histopathologic type, size, and presence or absence of cystic change in the sonograms of 22 malignant nodules. RESULTS: Useful finding for diagnosis of malignant nodules was strong uptake of TI-201 in early and delayed images(specificity:98%, sensitivity:63%, positive predictive value:94.4%). Useful finding for benign nodules was no uptake of TI-201 in delayed image(specificity :88.9%, sensitivity :68%, positive predictive value :91.9%). The accuracy of TI-201 thyroid scan in differentiating benign from malignant nodules was 66.2%. The nodules with strong TI-201 uptake in early image and low TI-201 uptake in delayed image were malignant in 29.4%. Cystic changes were found in 40% of malignant nodules with atypical TI-201 uptake. TI-201 thyroid scan showed high specificity in follicutar neoplasm and adenomatous goiter in which differentiation of benignancy and malignancy is difficult with only cytologic examination. CONCLUSION: We consider that TI-201 thyroid scan is valuable in differentiating benign from malignant nodules and when combined with fine needle aspiration and ultrasound examination, it will enable more accurate differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Goiter ; Injections, Intravenous ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thallium* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. METHODS: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: “Plant foods & fish,” “Sweets,” “Meat & fish,” “Fruits & dairy products,” and “Wheat based.” RESULTS: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the “Sweets” category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between “Fruits & dairy products” and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Breakfast ; Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meals ; Mental Health ; Plants ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. METHODS: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: “Plant foods & fish,” “Sweets,” “Meat & fish,” “Fruits & dairy products,” and “Wheat based.” RESULTS: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the “Sweets” category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between “Fruits & dairy products” and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Breakfast ; Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meals ; Mental Health ; Plants ; Weights and Measures