No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to examine the gap between predicted cesarean section rate and real cesarean section rate and it's determining factors of 44 tertiary hospitals. METHOD: This study is a cross-sectional analysis using the data of 25,623 deliveries in 2009 drawn from homepage of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Data were analyzed with t-test, F-test, Scheffe? test, and logistic regression. RESULT: There were statistically significant differences in the gap of cesarean section rate (more gap indicates higher quality of delivery) by grade of nurse staffing and delivery cases. Hospitals with nurse staffing grade 1 to 2 had more possibility to be classified into higher grade in quality of delivery (OR 5.67, 95% CI 1.07~30.08). Also hospitals with over 500 delivery cases had more possibility be classified into higher grade in quality of delivery (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.14~21.23, respectively). CONCLUSION: The finding suggests that grade of nurse staffing may influence the real cesarean section rate because nurses do a vital role to prevent unnecessary cesarean section. Further study is required to provide evidence that nurse staffing influence on patient outcome and cost-effectiveness in order to obtain adequate number of nursing staffs.
Cesarean Section ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Nursing Staff ; Pregnancy ; Tertiary Care Centers

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate new graduate nurses' perceptions of nursing professionalism, job involvement and turnover intention and to identify factors influencing turnover intention in new graduate nurses. METHODS: Participants were 179 new graduate nurses working in general hospitals and small and medium-sized hospitals in Gyungnam province. Data were collected from August 10 to September 16, 2015 through a survey with self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean scores were; for nursing professionalism, 3.62±0.73, for job commitment, 3.22±0.89. and for turnover intention, 3.25±0.95. There were significant correlations between nursing professionalism and job involvement (r=.47, p<.001), nursing professionalism and turnover intention (r=-.36, p<.001), job involvement and turnover intention (r=-.46, p<.001). For turnover intention of new graduates 25.1% of the variance was explained by nursing professionalism (β=-.16, p=.034), job involvement (β=-.36, p<.001), and frequency of night shifts (β=.03, p=.022). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that nursing professionalism and job involvement of new graduate nurses had significant influence on their turnover intention. Therefore, to reduce turnover intention of new graduate nurses, it is necessary to enhance their nursing professionalism and job involvement with organizational supports.
Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, General ; Intention* ; Nursing* ; Professionalism*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Infant, Newborn

Background: Spontaneous pneumopericardium is a very rare condition. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have been reported to be associated with an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, spontaneous pneumopericardium has not yet been reported in association with IPF. Here we report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a patient with acute exacerbation of IPF with a review of the relevant literature.
Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Pneumopericardium* ; Pneumothorax

PURPOSE: In the present study, an unusual case of traumatic retinopathy presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy was reported. CASE SUMMARY: A 69-year-old male was involved in a car accident and experienced a left 5th rib fracture. There was no direct ocular trauma. However, after the accident he noticed paracentral scotoma and loss of vision in his left eye. At initial examination 4 days after the trauma, central visual acuity was hand motion and visual field test revealed central scotoma in the left eye. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed hyper-reflectivity of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. Fluorescein angiography did not show any leakage or vascular damage but near-infrared autofluorescence imaging showed a dark lesion in the macular area. Visual acuity was improved to 0.2 at 2 weeks after trauma and 0.6 at 6 months after trauma while mild ellipsoid zone defect and visual field defect persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic retinopathy presenting as acute macular neuroretinopathy is an uncommon disease causing paracentral scotomas after non-ocular trauma, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Korea.
Aged ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Optical Imaging ; Rib Fractures ; Scotoma ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) was measured in normal children using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the effect of various factors on the RNFL thickness was examined. METHODS: From April 2006 to January 2007, the RNFL thickness of 74 normal children (148 eyes) between the ages of 4 and 17 years old was measured by OCT, and the effect of factors such as age, gender, refractive error, C/D ratios, cooperation, and laterality on the peripapillary RNFL thickness was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 10.2 years (4~17 years), and the mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was 106.3+/-12.8 micrometer. As to the thickness of the different peripapillary locations, the superior side was thickest (135.3+/-20.6 micrometer), followed in order by the inferior side (130.9+/-23.0 micrometer), the temporal side (86.3+/-18.9 micrometer), and the nasal side (71.9+/-20.8 micrometer). The refractive error was correlated positively with RNFL thickness (r=0.277, p=0.001), and age correlated negatively with RNFL thickness (r=-0.194, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness in normal children increases as the refractive error becomes hyperopic and decreases with age. The data about RNFL thickness of normal children obtained in this study may provide useful information for an early diagnosis of pediatric neuroophthalmologic disease and for monitoring its progression.
Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nerve Fibers ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Objectives: This research probes into the characteristics of modern type depression (MTD) in South Korea, drawing parallels to Japan’s hikikomori state. It aims to bridge cultural value gaps and highlight its significance in South Korea, given the observed reclusive youth behaviors. Methods: Participants undertook a semi-structured interview assessing hikikomori tendencies and MTD. Also, self-reports were done using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25), 22-item Tarumi’s Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), Smartphone Addiction ScaleShort form Version (SAS-SV), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS), Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Scores were analyzed by group (MTD, control) using and logistic regression was done. Additional analysis was done by group (modern type with hikikomori and modern type without hikikomori). Results: Of 59 participants, 29 had MTD. In both groups, age and sex were matched with differences in education years. The MTD group contained 14 hikikomori individuals. Logistic regression identified the HQ-25 as a significant predictor for MTD. Notably, specific components like “low self-esteem” in TACS-22 and “isolation” in the HQ-25 significantly influenced MTD status. HQ-25 and RULS were significantly different between modern type with hikikomori and modern type without hikikomori. Conclusions Using Japanese diagnostic criteria, this study illuminated MTD in Korean patients. The findings underscore isolation and low self-esteem predicted diagnosis of MTD. As MTD shares common pathological traits with hikikomori, the therapeutic interventions are important in Korea.

BACKGROUND: Histological analysis of tuberculosis shows a spectrum of findings, from well formed granulmatous inflammation with few bacilli in patient with normal immune response to M. tuberculosis to poorly formed granulomatous inflammation with many bacilli in patient with defective immune response. To evaluate the degree of immune response to M. tuberculosis, we studied the histologic features, including the presence of acid fast bacilli(AFB) in lymph node of patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, and compared them with clinical characteristics. METHODS: We reviewed the histologic features of 33 cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis and processed the excised nodes for auramine-rhodamine staining to detect AFB. The AFB positivity in tissue was compared with the histologic features(degree of granuloma formation, presence of caseation necrosis, presence of neutrophilic infiltration) and clinical characteristics (lymph node size, duration of symptom, presence of local symptom or radiologic evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis). RESULTS: 1) The mean age at diagnosis was 42.4 years, and male to female ratio was 1 : 45. 2) Histologically, all cases showed well formed granuloma and variable degrees of caseation necrosis, and 39% of the cases showed neutrophilic infiltration in the granulomatous inflammation. 3) AFB were confirmed in 52% of the cases, and they were found extracellularly and at the periphery of caseation necrosis. 4) There was no association between AFB Positivity and histological features or clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis showed well formed granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, and there was no association between AFB positivity in the tissue and histological or clinical characteristics.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node*

No abstract available.