Multiple small air bubbles were introduced into the gallbladder (GB) during the endoscopic retrogradecholangio-pancreatography(ERCP). Prolonged appearance of movable small round filling defects in the GB weredetected for more than 18 hours in the GB. The importance of delayed GB films after ERCP and the differentiationbetween the stones and air bubbles are discussed.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Gallbladder

Exposure with the tibial tubercle osteotomy was done for ten revisions and one primary total knee replacements out of 200 total knee arthroplasties performed from 1985 to 1996. The cases were analyzed with regard to complications and technical considerations. The preoperative diagnoses were infected total knee arthroplasty in seven, aseptic loosening in three and one ankylosed knee. Eixtensive exposure was achieved enough for debridement and reimplantation. The tubercle was fixed with two or three 3.5mm screws. The average duration of follow up was 30 months. Post operative knee flexion averaged 87 degrees. There were two complications, one avulsion of the fragment and one tibial fracture. The advantage of this procedure included wide exposure for difficult knee surgeries and more proximal fixation for improved flexion.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee* ; Osteotomy* ; Replantation ; Tibial Fractures

PURPOSE: The residual intrahepatic stones with biliary strictures are difficult to remove percutaneously via T-tube tract after surgery in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. We evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The balloon dilatations with 6-12mm angioplasty balloon catheter and stone extractions were performed via a T-tube tract after surgical treatment in 15 patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. The balloons were inflated for 3-4minutes under 5 atm. until disappearance of waist of the stricture site, from one to seven session. After balloon dilatation, residual stones were extracted with saline irrigation or stone basket. RESULTS: Among total 42 strictures, the balloon dilatation was succesful in 27 strictures(64.3%), partially successful in 12 strictures(28.6%), and failed in three strictures(7.1%). Single or central biliary strictures were dilated easily rather than multiple ductal strictures. Of 26 sites with residual intrahepatic stones, stone extraction was complete in 17 sites(65.4%), incomplete in seven sites(26.9%) due to impacted or large stone and acute ductal angulation, and failed in two sites(7.7%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures is an effective procedure for extraction of residual intrahepatic stones associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
Angioplasty ; Catheters ; Cholangitis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Humans

The clinical entity of Dysplasia Epiphyseal Multiplex was first descrihed by Fairbank in 1935, characterized by the disturbance of endochondral ossification in hoth epiphyseal centers and regions of physeal growth. It manifests itself radiologically as late appearance and mottling of the ossification centers and clinically as short stature, stubby digits and painful stiffness of multiple joints. It is typically transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait though recessive forms have been described. The spine is normal apart from a mild increased lumbar lordosis. Many patients are referred to an orthopaedic surgeon for bilateral Perthes disease, as was one of the authors cases. This Paper reports four cases of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia which affected one family.
Animals ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Lordosis ; Osteochondrodysplasias* ; Spine

PURPOSE: Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy under the imaging guidance in the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases has become a standard practice. Core tissue obtained by automated gun biopsy(AGB) is believed to be more diagnostic than materials from fine needle aspiration(FNA) by many cytopathologists. The authors evauated the role of automated gun biopsy in localized pulmonary lesions with respect to the its accuracy and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 107 percutaneous biopsies in localized pulmonary lesions under fluoroscopic guidance among 107 patients:AGB using 18G or 20G was done in 81 patients, and both AGB and FNA was done in 26 patients. RESULTS: Biopsy samples sufficient for histologic diagnosis were obtained in 94(87.9%) of 107 patients, AG8 in 73(90.1%) of 81 patients and AGB and FNA in 21(80.8%) of 26 patients. 11 of 13 negative results were due to inadeguate specimen size for the histologic diagnosis or were composed of necrotic areas, and 2 of 13 negative results were obtained through nontarget tissue. 10 patients developed pneumothorax and 4 of them required chest tube insertion. Minimal hemoptysis was found in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous automated gun biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance was easy and simple method of obtaining specimens of good quality and quantity. It may be an useful procedure in the diagnosis of localized pulmonary lesions.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chest Tubes ; Diagnosis ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Needles ; Pneumothorax

PURPOSE: Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy under the imaging guidance in the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases has become a standard practice. Core tissue obtained by automated gun biopsy(AGB) is believed to be more diagnostic than materials from fine needle aspiration(FNA) by many cytopathologists. The authors evauated the role of automated gun biopsy in localized pulmonary lesions with respect to the its accuracy and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 107 percutaneous biopsies in localized pulmonary lesions under fluoroscopic guidance among 107 patients:AGB using 18G or 20G was done in 81 patients, and both AGB and FNA was done in 26 patients. RESULTS: Biopsy samples sufficient for histologic diagnosis were obtained in 94(87.9%) of 107 patients, AG8 in 73(90.1%) of 81 patients and AGB and FNA in 21(80.8%) of 26 patients. 11 of 13 negative results were due to inadeguate specimen size for the histologic diagnosis or were composed of necrotic areas, and 2 of 13 negative results were obtained through nontarget tissue. 10 patients developed pneumothorax and 4 of them required chest tube insertion. Minimal hemoptysis was found in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous automated gun biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance was easy and simple method of obtaining specimens of good quality and quantity. It may be an useful procedure in the diagnosis of localized pulmonary lesions.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chest Tubes ; Diagnosis ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Needles ; Pneumothorax

STUDY DESIGN: This case report presents a 50-year-old patient with tabetic Charcoal spinal arthropathy combined with spinal stenosis, and its management. OBJECTIVES: To present the case report and follow-up results of Charcoal arthropathy with spinal stenosis of the lumbosacral spine, which was treated by circumferential fusion with instrumentation and decompressive laminectomy. LITERATURE REVIEW: Most reports of Charcot spine mention the etiology, clinical characteristics, pathology, and management of the condition. Surgical management of Chariot spines with spinal stenosis are rare. There is no report of the two-stage procedure of circumferential fusion and decom-pression for Charcot spine with spinal stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient complained of back pain, radiating pain to both lower legs, and 100m neurologic claudication. Serologic testing was positive in VDRL and FTA-ABS tests. Surgical treat-nent consisted of anterior resection of the L5 body with an autogenous iliad bone graft. It was followed by a posterior wide laminectomy of L5 for spinal stenosis, and CD instrumentation with transpedicular screws was applied to L3-S1 with lateral bone graft. RESULTS: At 27 months follow-up, clinical symptoms of back pain and radiating pain were disappeared. The patient walked without claudication, and satisfied with her condition. Firm bony fusions from L3 to S1 were obtained. There was no evidence of further destruction or neural compromise in the 27 months following surgery. CONCLUSION: A case of Charcoal arthropathy of the lumbosacral spine with spinal stenosis of L3-5 and L5-S1 has been reported, and the pathology, clinical features, and management of this condition were discussed. Circumferential fusion for Charcot spine and wide decompressive laminectomy for spinal stenosis are advisable.
Back Pain ; Charcoal ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Pathology, Clinical ; Serologic Tests ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine* ; Transplants

High tibial osteotomy has been widely accepted as a method of treatments for middle-aged varus osteoarthritides with uncompartmental involvements. There have been several reports regarding the managements of fibula and their complications during the valgization procedure of tibia. They are, for example, osteotomy of fibular diaphysis or neck and excision of fibular head. Each level of fibular management is often complicated by nonunison, peroneal nerve palsy and lateral instability respectively. We have reviewed 20 cases of cases of high tibial osteotomy using proximal tibiofibular arthrolysis performed between March 1987 and February 1993. This method has proved excellent exposure of upper lateral tibia for the wedge removal, internal fixation and relief of the tethering effect of fibula. There was no peroneal nerve palsy relate to this degenerative change of the proximal tibiofibular was 3.4mm(range 1-11mm) and there was neither degenerative change of the proximal tibiofibular joint nor varus instability. In conclusion the arthrolysis of proximal tibiofibular joint can be highly recommended in high tibial osteotomy.
Diaphyses ; Fibula ; Head ; Joints ; Methods ; Neck ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy ; Paralysis ; Peroneal Nerve ; Tibia

The purpose of this study is to evaluate biomechanical stability of Korean Ilizarov fixator before clinical application. We measured the ultimate tensile load and stiffness of Ilizarov smooth wire and olive wire, bending stiffness of half-pin, ultimate compressive load and stiffness of Ilizarov ring using Instron 1331. Four types of Ilizarov assembly were tested for measuring stiffness of axial compression, anteroposterior bending, and lateral bending. There were group I fixed with only smooth wires; group II with only olive wires; group III with wires and half-pins; and group IV with only half-pins. The results of Korean Ilizarov apparatus were compared to those of American Ilizarov apparatus using unpaired t-test. The ultimate tensile strength of Korean smooth wire was greater than that of American wire. The ultimate tensile strength of Korean olive wire was lower than that of American wire. There was no significant difference of stiffness of axial compression, anteroposterior bending, and lateral bending between American and Korean apparatus. There was no significant difference of axial compression stiffness and bending stiffness between group III and group IV. In conclusion, Korean Ilizarov apparatus can be used with good stability for treatment of fracture, internal bone transport, and limb lengthening according to this biomechanical study.
Extremities ; Olea ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVES: Several researchers have shown that three dimensional (3D) distribution analysis of prostate cancer is helpful when initiating needle biopsy procedures. Knowledge regarding the distribution of prostate cancer could enhance understanding of the pathophysiology involved and improve detection of these malignancies. We propose utilizing digital processing techniques to analyze prostate cancer distribution in a 3D setting. METHODS: Pre-made radical prostatectomy sample slices were digitized with a resolution of 76 dpi. Slices of each sample were aligned and registered by deformation algorithm and interpolated for analysis of relative distribution statistics. We analyzed 80 samples saved in electronic medical record and compared the detection rate of preoperative needle biopsies and radical prostatectomies using our 3D analysis technique. RESULTS: The statistical 3D distribution of prostate cancer was evaluated using a 36-sector process. Results were represented in the following two ways: distribution of a single patient, and statistical distribution of prostate cancers of multiple patients. The overall concordance rate was 62.7% between the two methods; therefore a technique is needed which can raise this percentage. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest using the normalization method to develop a software tool which permits reconstruction of the 3D distribution of prostate cancer from 2D legacy images and reduces the loss of image quality as well. This application will facilitate detection of prostate cancer by aiding in the determination of the most effective clinical position via partial sampling with decreased patient inconvenience.
Biopsy, Needle ; Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Software