Adjustable sutures increased the rate of success with a single procedure, but sometimes fails because of changes in the angle of deviation which develops a few days after surgery. Therefore, the delayed adjustment was attempted;however, the postoperative adhesion following strabismus surgery make delayed adjustment impossible. We studied 45 eyes of 25 rabbits; adjustable strabismus surgery underwent a hang-back technique in the superior rectus muscle. In experimental group, a sponge was soaked in 5-Fluorouracil, and the sponge was placed between the conjunctiva and the sclera for 5 minutes during the operation. We studied the possible time of delayed adjustment and estimated the minimal forces required for the adjustment. The experimental group A (5-Fluorouracil, 50mg/ml) allowed for a 6 day delayed adjustment after surgery, control group allowed for a 2 day delayed adjustment after surgery. These results suggest that 5-Fluorouracil may valuable resource to delayed adjustment strabismus surgery by reduce postoperative adhesion.
Conjunctiva ; Fluorouracil* ; Porifera ; Rabbits ; Sclera ; Strabismus* ; Sutures

The widespread use of diagnostic radiography, especially using magnetic resonance imaging, has helped to increase the diagnosis of paralabral cysts in patients with chronic shoulder pain. These paralabral cysts are frequent in the anterior, the superior, and the posterior compartment of the shoulder joint but are rare in the inferior compartment. Paralabral cysts in the shoulder appear particularly in men in their third and fourth decades but rarely in elderly patients. We report a case of an inferior paralabral cyst in an elderly patient whom we treated through arthroscopic decompression.
Aged* ; Arthroscopy ; Decompression* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder*

Authors examined 30, 000 minifilms(boys and girls each 15, 000) which were taken for survey of pulmonary tuberculosis for the students of the first grade, middle school in Seoul(average 13 years old), to determine the ineidence rates of scoliosis. It was considered lateral curvature of spine more than 10 degrees as non-postural scoliosis, which were analyzed for the presence of bony abnormality, sex incidence, degree of curvature, distribution of size of curvature, patterns of curvature, and direction of curvature. Following results were obtained. 1. The overall incidence of scoliosis was 1. 46%; female 1. 86% and male 1.07%. 2. Scoliosis due to bony abnormality was found in 4 cases. 3. Degrees of curvature; 10°-19°
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide with bevacizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: For this study, the medical records of patients with diabetic macular edema, who received intravitreal triamcinolone injection (IVTA) or intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB), were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and total macular volume (TMV) were evaluated before injection and at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months after injection. The adverse events, such as increased intraocular pressure, and progression of cataract, were also reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 72 eyes from 72 patients, (IVTA: 40 eyes, IVB: 32 eyes) were included in this study. In the IVTA group, BCVA improved significantly at 1 week after injection and was maintained until 3 months after injection. In the IVB group, BCVA improved significantly at 1 week after injection and was maintained until 2 months after injection. In the IVTA group, CMT and TMV decreased significantly at 1 week after injection and were maintained until 3 months after injection, while in the IVB group CMT and TMV were maintained until 2 months after injection. The IVTA group showed significantly better results in visual improvement, CMT and TMV reduction compared to the results of the IVB group, from 1 month to 3 months after injection. In the IVTA group, intraocular pressure increased to more than 25 mmHg in 12.5% of patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: While the functional and anatomical improvements are achieved by both IVTA and IVB for diabetic macular edema, the effect of IVTA is more prominent with longer duration than IVB.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Cataract ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide with bevacizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: For this study, the medical records of patients with diabetic macular edema, who received intravitreal triamcinolone injection (IVTA) or intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB), were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and total macular volume (TMV) were evaluated before injection and at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months after injection. The adverse events, such as increased intraocular pressure, and progression of cataract, were also reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 72 eyes from 72 patients, (IVTA: 40 eyes, IVB: 32 eyes) were included in this study. In the IVTA group, BCVA improved significantly at 1 week after injection and was maintained until 3 months after injection. In the IVB group, BCVA improved significantly at 1 week after injection and was maintained until 2 months after injection. In the IVTA group, CMT and TMV decreased significantly at 1 week after injection and were maintained until 3 months after injection, while in the IVB group CMT and TMV were maintained until 2 months after injection. The IVTA group showed significantly better results in visual improvement, CMT and TMV reduction compared to the results of the IVB group, from 1 month to 3 months after injection. In the IVTA group, intraocular pressure increased to more than 25 mmHg in 12.5% of patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: While the functional and anatomical improvements are achieved by both IVTA and IVB for diabetic macular edema, the effect of IVTA is more prominent with longer duration than IVB.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Cataract ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

Wegener's granulomatosis is an uncommon condition characterized by necrotizing vasculitis of unknown cause. The classic clinical triad consists of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract, necrotizing glomerulonephiritis, and necrotizing vascultitis affecting predominantly small vessels. The skin manifestations are frequent, and the most common lesion is purpura distributed on the limbs and trunk. However, severe skin involvement is not common. A 20-year old female presented with purpuric macules on the whole body, which became necrotic. The lungs or kidneys were not affected. However, the histopathologic findings of the skin and nasal mucosa revealed the features of necrotizing vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation. Therefore, we diagnosed Wegener's granulomatosis, which showed unusually severe skin necrosis. She was treated with systemic corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, but leukopenia, sepsis, and infective endocarditis continuously developed. She died of a cerebral hermorrhage due to overdose of coumadin, which had been used following a cardiac operation for infective endocarditis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Cyclophosphamide ; Endocarditis ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Leukopenia ; Lung ; Nasal Mucosa ; Necrosis* ; Purpura ; Respiratory System ; Sepsis ; Skin Manifestations ; Skin* ; Vasculitis ; Warfarin ; Wegener Granulomatosis* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the repeatability of macular thickness measurements using time domain (TD) OCT and spectral domain (SD) OCT in diabetic macular edema. METHODS: In 42 eyes of 42 patients with diabetic macular edema, three consecutive macular measurements were performed with TD OCT and SD OCT, and measurements for macular thickness and total macular volume obtained by the two OCTs were compared. The within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CVw), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess repeatability, with agreement between measurements assessed with Bland Altman plots. The correlations were also evaluated via the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The Sw of TD OCT and SD OCT for foveal thickness, total macular volume were 29.67 micrometer/16.44 micrometer, 1.26 mm3/0.23 mm3, respectively, and were significantly lower in SD OCT. The ranges of the respective CVw and ICC values were 1.10-2.78%, 0.78~0.96 for TD OCT, and 0.29~0.94%, 0.92~0.99 for SD OCT. The SD OCT showed better repeatability for macular thickness measurements (all p< or =0.001). The 95% limits of agreement for foveal and total macular volume were 88.9 micrometer, 2.4 mm3, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficients of macular thickness and total macular volume between the two OCT methods were statistically significant (p=0.88-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Although both OCTs proved reliable for macular thickness measurements in diabetic macular edema, SD OCT shows better repeatability than TD OCT. Although macular thickness measurements obtained from the two OCTs cannot be used interchangeably, there were statistically significant correlations between measurements obtained using the two OCTs.
Eye ; Humans ; Macular Edema

Miliary osteoma cutis of the face is a form of primary osteoma cutis. We report a case of miliary osteoma cutis on the jaw of a 55-year-old female. She presented with several 2~3 mm sized, skin-colored firm papules over both lower jaws for 5 years. Skin biopsy was performed and the specimen showed numerous osteocytes and osteoblasts in the bony tissue which was located in the deep dermis.
Biopsy ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw ; Middle Aged ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteoma ; Skin ; Skin Diseases, Genetic

Milia en plaque is an unusual and rare variant of milia which is characterized by numerous tiny milia on an erythematous base that arise spontaneously on the retroauricular area. We report a case of milia en plaque of 41-year-old Korean man who presented with numerous milia on the erythematous plaque of the retroauricular area. Histopathologic examination showed multiple cystic features with lamellar keratinized material in the cysts and mild pericystic inflammation. The skin lesion was totally excised and closed with a modified rhomboid transposition flap. We discuss about the treatment of milia en plaque in the review of literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Skin

PURPOSE:To compare the repeatability and agreement of macular thickness measurements using time domain (TD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectral domain (SD) OCT in normal subjects. METHODS: Thirty-four normal subjects were included. Three consecutive macular measurements were taken with TD OCT and SD OCT. Total and regional macular thickness and total macular volume obtained by the two OCTs were compared. Within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CVw), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to evaluate repeatability. The agreement was examined with Bland Altman plots. The correlation was also evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Sw for foveal thickness, total macular thickness, and total macular volume were 11.53 microm, 7.58 microm, and 0.48 mm3 for TD OCT and 6.69 microm, 2.55 microm, and 0.09 mm3 for SD OCT, respectively. The values for SD OCT were consistently lower, and this result was statistically significant. The range of the respective CVw and ICC values were 1.10~2.78% and 0.78~0.96% for TD OCT, and 0.29~0.94% and 0.92~0.99% for SD OCT, respectively. The SD OCT showed better repeatability for macular thickness measurements(all with p< or =0.001). The spans of 95% limits of agreement for foveal thickness, total macular thickness, and total macular volume were 67.94 microm, 29.01 microm, and 0.98 mm3, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient of foveal thickness, total macular thickness, and total macular volume between the two OCT's was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although both OCTs are reliable for macular thickness measurements, SD OCT shows better repeatability compared with TD OCT. Although macular thickness measurements obtained from the two OCTs can not be used interchangeably due to low agreement by different standards of measurement, there was a statistically significant correlation between the two OCT's.
Tomography, Optical Coherence