The effects of subarachnoid administration of 0.5% bupivacaine in 5% and 10% glucosesolution were investigated in a randomized 30 cases undergoing a low limb and low abdominal surgery in the Department of Anesthesiology at the Hanyang University Hospital from October 1st, 1984 to March 31st, 1985. The results are as follows: 1) These were no significant differences between the patients of the three groups in relation to sex, age, weight, height and operation time. 2) The oneset time of the maximum segmental spread of analygesia in the control group was 5 to 10 minutes and 10 to 15 minutes in the experimental groups. 3) The spread of sensory blockade in the experimental groups was lowered 2~3 segment compared with control group. 4) The onset time of complete motor blockade in the control group was 5 minutes and 5~10 minutes in the experimental group. 5) Duration of complete motor blockade in experimental groups was shorter than the control group. 6) The cardiovascular changes were investigated with no significant differences between the patients of the three groups. 7) The minimal complications such as mild hypotension in three cases, micturition difficulty in one case, mild translent headache in one case were investigated in the three groups. According to our investigation of subarachnoid blockade with 0.5% bupivacain 2ml in 5% and 10% glocose solution, it considered that the spread was limited and produced intense sensory and motor block of long duration which was suitable of the low limbs and low abdominal surgery.
Anesthesiology ; Bupivacaine ; Extremities ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Urination

PURPOSE: High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs CRP) is well known as a strong risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of elevated hs CRP on coronary artery spasm (CAS) as assessed by intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1729 consecutive patients without significant CVD who underwent coronary angiography and intracoronary ACh test between November 2004 and August 2010 were analyzed. The patients were divided into five groups according to quintiles of hs CRP levels. RESULTS: At baseline, the prevalence of elderly, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and lipid levels were higher in patients with higher hs CRP. During ACh test, the incidences of significant CAS, ischemic electrocardiography (EKG) change, multivessel, and diffuse CAS were higher in patients with higher hs CRP. Multivariate analysis showed that the old age (OR=1.01, CI; 1.0-1.02, p=0.0226), myocardial bridge (OR=3.34, CI; 2.16-5.17, p<0.001), and highest quintile hs CRP (OR=1.54, CI; 1.12-2.18, p=0.008) were independent predictors of ACh induced CAS. However, there was no difference in clinical outcomes up to 12 months. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, higher hs CRP was associated with higher incidence of CAS, worse angiographic characteristics and ischemic EKG change, but was not associated with clinical outcomes.
Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Adult ; C-Reactive Protein/*metabolism ; Coronary Vasospasm/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies