This study was performed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of workers in small scale industries on health management, and to provide the basic data for more effective service by the group occupational health service system. The knowledge and attitude of 247 workers and 46 health personnel in the industries scattered around Incheon were investigated from December 1992 to February 1993. The results were summarized as follows; 1. There were significant differences between the workers and the health personnel by age, sex, marriage status, job-position and education level. 2. The recognition level of the workers to contract work related disease was significantly higher than that of health personnel, and recognition level of the workers on environmental hazards and on the utility of measuring hazards were lower than that of health personnel. 3. The recognition level on the content of the group occupational health service system was significantly different between workers and health personnel, 72.6% of the responses from the workers answered that they did not know what the group occupational health service system was, but 82.2% of the responses from the health personnel answered that they knew well what it was. And 79.0% of all respondents thought it was necessary for worker's health. 4. seventy three percent of the respondents from the workers indicated that they had never taken health education. However, 93.0% of all respondents answered positively for the need of health education to promote their health. 5. current health service system was judged to be insufficient for the demand of workers for better health. Most of the respondents prefered a formal but flexible health service system and they wanted the periodic health examination to be followed up. It was revealed that despite of poor knowledge, the demand of workers for health service was higher than the current supply. Therefore, this study suggests that educating both health personnel and workers to obtain correct knowledge on the hazards to work environment and health management is needed for effective occupational health service.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Health Education ; Health Personnel* ; Health Services ; Humans ; Incheon ; Marriage ; Occupational Health Services

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of gestational age at exposure on the prenatal effects of gamma-radiation. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to a single dose of 2.0 Gy gamma-radiation at a gestational 2.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (p.c.). The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, growth retardation, change in head size and any other morphological abnormalities. The only demonstrable effect of irradiation during the preimplantation period was an increase in prenatal mortality. Resorptions were maximal on post-exposure day 2.5 after conception. The pre-implantation irradiated embryos which survived did not show any major fetal abnormalities. Small head, growth retardation, cleft palate, dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, dilatation of the renal pelvis and abnormalities of the extremities and tail were prominent after exposure during the organogenesis period, especially on day 11.5 of gestation. Our results indicate that the late period of organogenesis in the mouse is a particularly sensitive phase in terms of the development of the brain, skull and extremities.
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*pathology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/abnormalities/radiation effects ; Female ; Fetal Death ; *Gamma Rays ; *Gestational Age ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*radiation effects ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Frontonasal dysplasia is an uncommon congenital anomaly with diverse clinical phenotypes and highly variable clinical characteristics, including hypertelorism, a broad nasal root, median facial cleft, a missing or underdeveloped nasal tip, and a widow's peak hairline. Frontonasal dysplasia is mostly inherited and caused by the ALX genes (ALX1, ALX3, and ALX4). We report a rare case of a frontonasal dysplasia patient with mild hypertelorism, a broad nasal root, an underdeveloped nasal tip, an accessory nasal tag, and a widow's peak. We used soft tissue re-draping to achieve aesthetic improvements.
Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVE: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and 5microgram/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal perm of hybrid F1 male mice(1x106/ml). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, blastocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identity ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3, 4 and Oct4 staining were examined in replated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. RESULTS: Although the cleavage rate (> or =2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic blastocysts (9.6+/-3.1, 35.1+/-5.2) were significantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts (19.5+/-4.7, 63.2+/-13.0) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1 and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Antigens, CD15 ; Bisbenzimidazole ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethanol ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Oocytes ; Propidium

With increased use of neurotoxic agents in manufacturing industries, hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents pose significant problems in protecting health of workers who work in these industries. A normal range of neurobehavioral performance is required 10 study hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents among workers. However, such reference for Korean population is not available yet. The objective of this study is to estimate a normal range of neurobehuvioral test performance of female workers in Korea. Data for neurobehavioral test performance developed by the world Health organization were obtained from 165 female workers. Study Subjects, 140 production workers and 25 clerks, who voluntarily participated in this study were not occupationally exposed to neurotoxic agents. The mean age and the mean education years of them were 32 years and 10.9 years, respectively. Santa Ana dexterity, pursuit aiming, digit symbol, simple reaction time, and Benton visual retention tests among the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery(NCTB) were included in the evaluation. Subjects were interviewed by a trained interviewer for their detailed occupational history. Mean(+/-SD) performance of the participants were: 45.7+/-7.1 and 41.9+/-6.4 in the Santa Ana dexterity test of the preferred and non-preferred hands; 191.9+/-38.6 in correct dot of the pursuit aiming test; 57.7+/-16.0 in the digit symbol test; 274.8+/-44.6 msec in the mean simple reaction time and 70.5+/-69.0 msec in the mean standard deviation of it; and 7.8+/-1.7 in the Benton visual retention test. Most neurobehavioral performance scores were correlated significantly with age and educational level. Educational level was found to be a significant independent variable which was associated with all test scores. Age was significantly associated with scores of pursuit aiming and digit symbol tests.
Education ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Occupations* ; Reaction Time ; Reference Values ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypoxemia has been noted in patients with liver cirrhosis because of bronchial vessel dilatation. Cabenes et al. reported that bronchial hyperresponsiveness to the metacholine inhalation was observed in patients of left side heart failure, he suggested that one of the mechanism was bronchial vessel dilatation. We hypothesized that patients of liver cirrhosis might have bronchial hyperresponsiveness to metacholine inhalation due to portal hypertension. We evaluate the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and severity of liver cirrhosirs, severity of portal hypertension. METHODS: In the 22 patients of the liver cirrhosis with clinical portal hypertension metacholine provocation test was done and determined PC20 FEV1. We classified lifter cirrhosis according to Pugh- Child classification Esophagogastroscopies were performed for the evaluation of the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and severity of esophageal varix. RESULTS: In the 22 cases of the liver cirrhosis with clinical portal hypertension. The causes of liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis was 9 cases. hepatitis B virus was 12 cases, hepatitis C virus was 1 case. and 151 cases (68.18%) of total 22 cases were positive in metacholine provocation test. In positive cases There was no significant relationship between PC20FEV1 and severity of liver cirrhosis which were classified by Pugh-Child classification or severity of esophageal varix(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: we observed that bronchial responsiveness to metacholine increased in the patients of liver cirrhosis and there was no significant relationship between the severity of liver cirrhosis and the severity of esophageal varix.
Anoxia ; Child ; Classification ; Dilatation ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Fibrosis ; Heart Failure ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Inhalation ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Liver*

For the purpose of effective utilization of donated blood with limited shelf life, the author investigated the transfusion data which were used for 778 patients who received 2,556 units of blood during the period from Jan. to Dec., 1988 in Pusan National University Hospital. The data were statistically studied and optimal guide line in elective surgery was established. The results were as follows. 1) In the period under study, transfusion ratio of each surgical department were from 37.6% to 83.6%. 2) Average CT ratio of elective surgical procedure was 1. 4 3) Number of crossmatched and transfused blood were about 4.7 units and 3.3 units by operating procedure in elective surgery, respectively. 4) The ratio of usage of blood component was 14.0%, and 120 of 778 transfused patients (15.4%) received a single unit transfusion. On the basis of these results and overviewed literature, it is summarized that established MSBOS & T & S order would be of value for decreasing in rate of outdating blood, overusage of blood, excessive crossmatching and laboratory costs.
Busan ; Humans ; Surgical Procedures, Elective

Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency(TI) is a relatively uncommon disorder. We experienced a case in which traumatic TI was suspected by history and the diagnosis was confirmed nonivasively by 2-D echocardiography with Doppler technique. Tricuspid valve in this case showed flail anterior leaflet during systole and Doppler echocardiography demonstrated the presence of tricuspid insufficiency.
Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Systole ; Tricuspid Valve

This study was designed to identify the ultrastructural changes of mouse endometrum during peri-implantation period and obtain the fundamental information for the establishment of 3-dimensional culture system of mouse endometrial cells in vitro. The used female ICR mice (6~8 wks) were conducted on pregnant. The biopsies were obtained from whole uterus at cycle day 1 (D1) and day 5 (D5) after hCG injection and mating. The biopsies materials were fixed 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide. Subsequently, for observation using light and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM), they were dehydrated and embedded in Epon and the embedded biopsies were sectioned and stained. For scanning electron microscypy (SEM), the fixed specimens were dehydrated, dried and coated with gold. 1)For LM, the biopsied materials at D5 (late secretory phase) were appeared the extended stromal layer by increased connective tissues and the fully developed endometrial glands and vessels compared with D1 (early secretory phase). 2) For TEM, the mouse endometrium was consisted of 3-layers, a simple polarized columnar epithelial cells, basement membrane and stromal cells. At D5, the distribution of microvilli, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lipid and glycogen deposits, secretory granules and surface area of basement membrane were increased. 3) For SEM, the degree of folding and microvilli of surface of mouse epithelial cells was became more and more according to the process of secretory phase, and at D5, implantation time of mouse, the appearance of pinopodes as a specific marker of uterine receptivity was found. The uterine pinopodes of mouse were found in narrow sites at the luminal surface, irregularity and appeared the different stages in the same sample. Therefore, these results indicated that the mouse endometrium was experienced dramatic morphological changes during peri-implantation period.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Connective Tissue ; Endometrium* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Glutaral ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microvilli ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Phenobarbital ; Secretory Vesicles ; Stromal Cells ; Uterus

Peripheral neuropathy is rarely caused by antiepileptic drugs andmost cases were reported about phenytoin. Here we report carbamazepine- induced peripheral neuropathy, which is a very rare condition and the pathogenesis is not well understood. A 19-year-old man presented with a several-year history of bilateral foot pain and pes planus. He had craniopharyngioma and underwent neurosurgery in 1997 and 2007. He had been prescribed by the general dose (600 mg/day) of carbamazepine since 1998 for the treatment of postoperative epilepsy. His muscle power was normal in all limbs and there were no abnormal sensory symptom and sign. Findings of electrodiagnostic studies were compatible with sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mixed axonotmesis and demyelination. His family history and genetic diagnosis excluded the possibility of hereditary neuropathy. After dose reduction of carbamazepine, his bilateral foot pain has been improved slowly. We report a case of carbamazepine-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Anticonvulsants ; Carbamazepine ; Craniopharyngioma ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Epilepsy ; Extremities ; Flatfoot ; Foot ; Humans ; Muscles ; Neurosurgery ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Phenytoin ; Polyneuropathies ; Young Adult