The Acknowledgements was published incorrectly.

Central to the question of anesthetic risk is the definition of an anesthetic death. This has yet to be defined within any reasonable limits. A number of factual and philosophical considerations have complicated attempts to derive a precise definition. Anesthetic risk is largely confused with surgical risk, involving a second set of persons and procedures. Only events between induction of anesthesia and onset of operation clearly relate the risk of anesthesia to patient diseases and the causes of deaths during and after operation are usually speculative. Among those factors which relate to anesthetic risk; age, physical status, surgical area, anesthetic method, selection of anesthetic agent, inadequate preoperative preparation, improper decision and skill of anesthesiologist himself, and elective vs emergency operations are most important in minimizing the anesthetic risk. Furthermore, elective vs emergency operations relate more to anesthetic mortality than to other factors. Many emergency operations were practiced in our hospital, more than in other institutions. Thus, our anesthesiologists are faced with a higher incidence of anesthetic risks. Evaluated results were as follows; 1) The percentage of emergency operations was 57.4% of the total performed operations. 2) The mortality rate is significantly higher in emergency surgical procedures than in elective surgical procedures, 3) Frequent changing of the operation schedule may cause confusion in the anesthesiologist's decision on preparation and selection of the anesthetic agent and technique, and may also cause an increased workload.
Anesthesia ; Appointments and Schedules* ; Cause of Death ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Mortality

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 41 patients with compression fracture of the spine. MR images of 14 patients with acute spinal trauma (within recent 1 month), eight patients with chronic trauma (over 1 month), and 19 patients with malignant cause without history of trauma were analyzed, retrospectively. Low signal intencities on T1-weighted images and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images were noted in 86% (12/14) of patients with acute trauma, Iso-signal intensities on all pulse sequences were noted in 50%(4/8) of patients with chronic trauma. Low signal intensities on T1-weighted images and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images were noted in 100%(19/19) of patients with metastatic compression fracture. Contrast enhancement was observed in all the cases of acute trauma(4/4) and metastases(18/18), whereas only 20% (1/5) of chronic trauma showed enhancement. Fragmentation was seen in 35% (5/14) of patients with acute trauma, in 25%(2/8) with chronic trauma, and not seen in the patients with metastasis. In conclusion, acute traumatic compression fracture can not be differentiated from malignant cause by MR signal intensity or contrast enhancement, but chronic compression fracture can be distinguished from metasasis. Fragmentation may suggest traumatic compression fracture. So MRI could be a useful method in differentiating the benign compression fractures from the pathologic ones caused by malignancy.
Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

Pertutaueous transluminal angioplasty is the treatment of choice for renovascular hypertension in cases due to the renal vascular occlusion which is not severe enough to pass dilatation catheter. The advantages of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are the use of local anesthesia, its noninvasiveness without surgical risk, feasibility of repetition and shorter hospital days compared with surgical methods. We are presenting a case of renovascular hypertension due to atherosclerosis cured by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with the review of literatures.
Anesthesia, Local ; Angioplasty* ; Atherosclerosis ; Catheters ; Dilatation ; Hypertension, Renovascular*

The maxillary alveolar ridge separates the palate from the lip and clefts of the primary palate have a cleft of the alveolus as well. In the most common clefts of the primary palate, the alveolar portion of the cleft is located between the lateral incisor, if present, and the canine. The cleft may also pass between the central incisor and the lateral incisor, rarer forms of clefts may pass between the central incisor or more distally on the maxillary arch. There are still considerable differences of opinion as to the optimal time for closure of alveolar defects, with or without concomitant bone grafting. But the preferred time for the operation with bone graft is between age 9 and 11 before the canine teeth have fully erupted. As an alternative to primary bone grafting, Skoog developed the periosteoplasty, or "boneless bone graft" technique, in which periosteal continuity was established between maxillary segments by the transfer of local periosteal flaps from the anterior maxillary wall. this procedure, which takes advantage of the propensity of periosteum to form bone in young children, leads to the formation of new bone within the alveolar cleft in spite of the fact that no bone graft is used.This study attempts to defin the effectiveness of early alveolar cleft repair with gingivo-vestibular-mucoperiosteal flap.The results in 6 unilateral alveolar clefts and 1 bilateral alveolar cleft, which is corrected early by gingivo-vestibular-mucoperiosteal flap, have been satisfactory alveolar arch continuity and alveolar bone formation with tooth eruption.
Alveolar Process ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Cuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Osteogenesis ; Palate ; Periosteum ; Tooth Eruption ; Transplants

Laryngospasm is a serious complication which may be seen following extubation in children. During laryngospasm either the true vocal cords or the true and false cords become opposed in the midline and close the gllotis. Intravenous lidocaine has been used in adult patients to prevent cough following extubation. The present study was made to see if intravenous 1% lidocaine, 2mg/kg of body weight, can be safely used to prevent or control extubation laryngospasm in children. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane-N2O-O2, in a semiclosed circuit. In 20 children, a bolus of 1% lidocaine 2mg/kg was injected intravenously two to three minutes prior to extubation; in the other 20 children, extubation was carried out without prior injection of lidocaine. The incidence of laryngospasm, coughing, respiratory depression, and changes of blood pressure, pulse rate were measured. The results were as follows: 1) Two cases of laryngospasm (10%), 11 cases of coughing (55%) and 2 cases of stridor (10%) were observed following extubation in the control group. Blood pressure and pulse rate showed a tendency to increase about 20%, in the control group. 2) One case of laryngospasm (5%) and 4 cases of coughing (20%) were observed following extubation in the lidocaine pretreated group. Incidence of trouble following extubation was markedly reduced (75 to 25%) in the lidocaine pretreated group. Blood pressure and pulse rate showed a tendency to decrease about 15% in the lidocaine pretreated group.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Cough ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laryngismus* ; Lidocaine* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Sounds ; Vocal Cords

No abstract available.
Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Interferon-alpha* ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Prednisolone*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell

One hundred and seventy-two cases of tuberculosis of the bones and joints were treated at the department of orthopedic surgery, Inchon Christian Hospital during the 3 years and 10 months from March, 1979, to December, 1982. The results obtained were as followings: 1. The incidence was decreased progressively 1.92% in 1980 to 1.18 in 1982. 2. Tuberculous lesions involved spine(50.58%), knee(16.28%), hip(13.37%), ankle(2.33%) and greater trochanter(2.33%) in order. 3. Age and sex distribution were not remarkable. 4. The main associated tuberculous lesions were pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy (20.65%). Therefore, pulmonary problems should be always carefully investigated in every case of skeletal tuberculosis. 5. Average duration of disease was one year and 3.5 months, average hospital days was one month. 6. Initial miss diagnosis of lesions ultimately proved to be tuberculosis. Rheumatoid arthritis:13 cases, Osteoarthritis : 3 cases, Herniated lumbar disc: 3 cases, Cellulitis :2 cases, Neoplasm :2 cases. Early diagnosis is essential since proper therapy is available and far advanced destruction, long suffering and disability can be avoided. 7. Post operative complication was mainly due to failure of bone graft in tuberculous spondylitis and was draining sinus formation and wound disruption in other skeletal tuberculosis. 8. The result of treatment of skeletal tuberculosis from conservative methods were relatively poor. The corroboratory care of skeletal tuberculosis can be obtained by extensive surgery.
Cellulitis ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Joints ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Sex Distribution ; Spondylitis ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pleural ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Wounds and Injuries

1. A Case of osteosarcoma is reported which arose 8 years after synovima of the knee had been locally excised. The patient is a 51-year-old housewife who had received irradiation therapy upon her knee for 30 days post-operatively. Following irradiation, asymptomatic latent period lasted 8 years when mass appeared on the site, which was biopsied and diagnosed as osteosarcoma one year later. 2. This case generally suffices the McKennas criterias for irradiation-induced osteosarcoma, 3. It seems to be worthwhile to keep an eye upon the prognosis of this possible case of irradiation- induced osteosarcoma, which is largely reported to be very grave.
Humans ; Knee ; Middle Aged ; Osteosarcoma ; Prognosis ; Sarcoma, Synovial