In orthognathic surgery, precise analysis and diagnosis are essential for successful results . In facial asymmetric patient, traditional 2D image analysis has been used by lateral and P-A Cephalometric view, Skull PA, Panorama, Submentovertex view etc. But clinicians sometimes misdiagnose because they cannot find exact landmark due to superimposition, moreover image can be magnified and distorted by projection technique or patient's skull position, when using these analysis and method. For overcome these defects, analysis by using of 3D CT has been introduced. In this way we can analysis precisely by getting the exact image free of artifact and finding exact landmark with no interruption of superimposition. So we want to review of relationship between various skeletal landmarks of mandible or cranial base and facial asymmetry by predictable analysis using 3D CT. We select the cases of the patients who visited our department for correction of facial asymmetry during 2003-2007 and who were taken image of 3D CT for diagnosis. 3D CT images were reconstructed to 3D image by using V-Work program (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). And we analysis the relationship between facial asymmetry and various affecting factor of skeletal pattern. The mandibular ramus hight difference between right and left was most affecting factor that express facial asymmetry. And in this research, there was no relationship between cranial base and facial asymmetry. The angulation between facial midline and mandibular ramus divergency has significant relationship with facial asymmetry
Artifacts ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Mandible ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Skull ; Skull Base

Argon ; Erbium ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Peri-Implantitis

PURPOSE: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are known to carry an increased risk of distant metastasis and poor survival. The principal objective of this study was to investigate survival after brain metastases in patients with TNBC. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated clinical data obtained from 66 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and brain metastasis from 2003 to 2009. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) statuses were determined via immunohistochemical staining. TNBCs were defined as those that were ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER2-negative. The time interval from initial diagnosis to brain metastasis and overall survival after brain metastasis was evaluated via the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Twenty four (40.0%) of 60 patients were diagnosed with TNBC. The clinicopathologic characteristics did not differ between the TNBC and non-TNBC patients. The disease-free survival durations of the TNBC and non-TNBC subjects were 17.9 and 25.6 months, respectively (p=0.135). The time intervals from initial diagnosis to brain metastasis were 25.5 and 43.7 months, respectively (p=0.027). The time intervals from distant metastasis to brain metastasis were 8.4 and 19.5 months, respectively (p=0.006). Overall survival durations from brain metastasis to death were 4.3 and 7.6 months, respectively (p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Patients with TNBC were more likely to develop brain metastasis earlier, and exhibit poor overall survival. Triple receptor status may be utilized as a prognostic marker for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.
Brain ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery units. Although the overall complication rate is low with most complications being minor, mandibular third molar removal is so common that the population morbidity of complications might be significant. Therefore, efforts to limit intraoperative or postoperative complications might have a significant impact in terms of enhancing the patient outcome. The aims of this study were to identify the position and angulation associated complications after mandibular third molar extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study surveyed 568 patients who had a mandibular third molar extracted, showed clinical complications and underwent a radiographic measurement of the available space, depth and spatial relationship. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows: 1. The complications were a dry socket, nerve injury, root rest, infection, bleeding, hamatoma, and adjacent teeth injury. 2. There were no significant differences between the complication and ramus relationship (available space) of the mandibular third molar. 3. There were no significant differences between the complications and depth of the mandibular third molar. 4. There were no significant differences between the complications and spatial relationship of the mandibular third molar. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the complication rate, ramus relationship, depth and spatial relationship of the mandibular third molar. This suggests that the position and angulation of the mandibular third molar may not have an impact on the complications. The relationship between the position and angulation of the mandibular third molar, and complications deserves a further study using longitudinal data.
Dry Socket ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Molar, Third ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: Based on individual and environmental characteristics of low-income children, we developed a nutrition education program for school-aged children from low-income families according to effective use in social welfare centers. METHODS: We conducted in-depth group interviews to assess program needs in 28 participants, 10 low-income school-aged children and 9 of their care givers, 9 social workers and 9 care-givers. Theoretical backgrounds of our program were heath belief model and social cognitive theory considering motivation, action and environment characteristics. RESULTS: Based on the findings of this qualitative study, we developed major program themes and contents. Five selected key themes were 'balanced diet', 'processed food', 'food hygiene and safety', 'Korean healthy traditional diet', and 'family cooking' to induce changes in dietary behaviors. Main findings of in-depth group interviews included 'child's active participation', 'simple and easy to understand messages', and 'environmental constraints' such as a lack of child care at home, limited budget of social welfare centers, and less qualified educators for nutrition and health. Each lesson was constructed as a 1-hour program particularly emphasizing activity-based programs, including cooking and teamwork exercises. Program contents in each session consisted of activities that could induce outcome and value expectations, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers and cues to actions regarding diet behavior. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a nutrition education programthat is rarely available for low-income children in Korea, considering theoretical bases. Further studies are needed to validate our program.
Budgets ; Caregivers ; Child Care ; Child* ; Cooking ; Cues ; Diet ; Education* ; Exercise ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Motivation ; Qualitative Research ; Social Welfare ; Social Workers

INTRODUCTION: Bone regeneration of cystic defects of the jaws after a cyst treatment requires lengthy healing periods. Generally, the bony changes are observed periodically through a visual radiographic reading as well as by the clinical opinion and radiographic images (panorama, periapical view), but it is difficult to compare the objective bony changes using only the radiographic density. In addition, it is difficult to observe minute bony changes through a visual radiographic reading, which can lead to a subjective judgment. This study exmined the bone density after the enucleation of a jaw cyst by fractal analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with a cystic lesion on the jaw were assessed. Panoramic radiographs were taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after cyst enucleation. The images were analyzed by fractal analysis. RESULTS: The mean fractal dimensions increased immediately after surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The postoperative 6 and 12 months fractal dimension was similar to the controls. CONCLUSION: Fractal analysis was used to overcome the limit of a subjective reading during an assessment of bone regeneration after cyst enucleation.
Bone Density ; Bone Regeneration ; Fractals ; Humans ; Jaw ; Jaw Cysts ; Judgment

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between occupational stress and suicidal ideation was investigated, focusing on gender differences among Korean employees. METHODS: Cross-sectional data for 53,969 workers were collected at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital health screening centers. Risk of suicidal ideation was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire examining suicidal ideation during the past year. Occupational stress was measured using 24 items of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the relationships between suicidal ideation and components of occupational stress. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted models, all job stress contributed to increased risk of suicidal ideation in males. Most subscales, except insufficient job control and organizational system, were risk factors of suicidal ideation in females. Further adjustments for depression markedly attenuated this relationship. However, the effects of insufficient job control and lack of reward on suicidal ideation remained significant in males, and interpersonal conflict remained significant in females. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that occupational stress plays a significant role in increasing risk of suicidal ideation through elevation of depressive symptoms. Gender differences in components of occupational stress associated with suicidal ideation were also observed.
Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Reward ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

This study was carried out to examine the proportion of fatty acids and contents of trans fatty acid in commercial processed foods in Jeon-Buk area. Contents of trans fatty acid in bakery products ranged from 0.2% to 1.0% per 100 g food. Especially garlic bread and pastry contained the highest amount. Popcorns contained trans fatty acid from 0.0% to 13.4%. Among them, instant popcorns for microwave contained the highest amount, while trans fatty acid was hardly detected in popcorns for theater. And trans fatty acid detected in popcorns was mostly in the form of 18 : 1 trans. The content of trans fatty acid in pizza was nearly 0.2%. Amounts of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were similar between each type of pizza and frozen pizza. Fritters such as fried chickens and vegetables contained trans fatty acid less than 0.2% per 100 g food.
Bread ; Chickens ; Fatty Acids ; Garlic ; Microwaves ; Vegetables

Dentists ; Emergencies ; Holidays ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Toothache

PURPOSE: The patients with metastatic breast cancer are routinely exposed to taxane and anthracycline as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative chemotherapeutic agents. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a vinorelbine and ifosfamide (VI) combination treatment in patients with taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. METHODS: We evaluated the use of a VI regimen (25 mg/m2 vinorelbine administered on days 1 and 8 plus 2,000 mg/m2 ifosfamide administered on day 1-3 every 3 weeks) for breast cancer patients who evidenced tumor progression after palliative taxane treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 35 patients were enrolled in this study: Their median age was 50 years (range, 38-72 years). The overall response rate was 40.0% (14 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23-57%). The median time to progression was 4.5 months (95% CI, 3.5-5.4 months). The median overall survival was 18.3 months (95% CI, 12.9-23.6 months). In the 190 cycle of treatment, the incidence of grade > or =3 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia was 29.3%, 4.2%, and 2.0%, respectively. Neutropenic fever was noted in 6 cycles (3.1%). The non-hematological toxicities were not severe: grade 1 or 2 vomiting was observed in 22.8% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the use of vinorelbine and ifosfamide (VI) combination chemotherapy appears to be effective and it showed an acceptable toxicity profile in the patients with taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer.
Anemia ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Bridged Compounds ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fever ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Incidence ; Neutropenia ; Taxoids ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vinblastine ; Vomiting