1.Fat Embolism
Jung Il OH ; Kyung Chan LEE ; Chang Se PYUN ; Woo Gu CHANG ; P K MOON
The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 1982;17(3):423-428
Fat Embolism is a rare complication of multiple long bone fracture or extensive soft tissue injury. The pathogenesis of fat embolism has been poorly understood and still its definite pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment were not fully established. Recently fat embolism considered as a post traumatic respiratory failure. Monitoring of blood gas is required for early diagnosis and respiratory supportive treatment with continued minitoring is necessary until resolution. Fifteen cases of fat embolism treated at from September 1979 to October 1981 Eul Ji General Hospital were clinically analized. Among the fifteen cases, fourteen were recovered without sequalae and one was expired ten days after trauma.
Diagnosis
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Early Diagnosis
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Embolism, Fat
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Fractures, Bone
;
Hospitals, General
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Respiratory Insufficiency
;
Soft Tissue Injuries
2.Enhancement of radiation effect using beta-lapachone and underlying mechanism.
Ki Jung AHN ; Hyung Sik LEE ; Se Kyung BAI ; Chang Won SONG
Radiation Oncology Journal 2013;31(2):57-65
Beta-lapachone (beta-Lap; 3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-naphthol[1, 2-b]pyran-5,6-dione) is a novel anti-cancer drug under phase I/II clinical trials. beta-Lap has been demonstrated to cause apoptotic and necrotic death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the beta-Lap toxicity against cancer cells has been controversial. The most recent view is that beta-Lap, which is a quinone compound, undergoes two-electron reduction to hydroquinone form utilizing NAD(P)H or NADH as electron source. This two-electron reduction of beta-Lap is mediated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which is known to mediate the reduction of many quinone compounds. The hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap then spontaneously oxidizes back to the original oxidized beta-Lap, creating futile cycling between the oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap. It is proposed that the futile recycling between oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap leads to two distinct cell death pathways. First one is that the two-electron reduced beta-Lap is converted first to one-electron reduced beta-Lap, i.e., semiquinone beta-Lap (SQ).- causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then causes apoptotic cell death. The second mechanism is that severe depletion of NAD(P)H and NADH as a result of futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap causes severe disturbance in cellular metabolism leading to apoptosis and necrosis. The relative importance of the aforementioned two mechanisms, i.e., generation of ROS or depletion of NAD(P)H/NADH, may vary depending on cell type and environment. Importantly, the NQO1 level in cancer cells has been found to be higher than that in normal cells indicating that beta-Lap may be preferentially toxic to cancer cells relative to non-cancer cells. The cellular level of NQO1 has been found to be significantly increased by divergent physical and chemical stresses including ionizing radiation. Recent reports clearly demonstrated that beta-Lap and ionizing radiation kill cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Indications are that irradiation of cancer cells causes long-lasting elevation of NQO1, thereby sensitizing the cells to beta-Lap. In addition, beta-Lap has been shown to inhibit the repair of sublethal radiation damage. Treating experimental tumors growing in the legs of mice with irradiation and intraperitoneal injection of beta-Lap suppressed the growth of the tumors in a manner more than additive. Collectively, beta-Lap is a potentially useful anti-cancer drug, particularly in combination with radiotherapy.
Animals
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Apoptosis
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Benzoquinones
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Cell Death
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Electrons
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Humans
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Hydroquinones
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Injections, Intraperitoneal
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Leg
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Mice
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NAD
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Naphthoquinones
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Necrosis
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Radiation Tolerance
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Radiation, Ionizing
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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Recycling
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Substrate Cycling
3.A Case of Heterotopic Pancreas of Gastric Corpus.
Chong Chan RIM ; Se Kyung CHANG ; Sil Moo PARK ; Yong Wook PARK
Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1990;10(2):341-344
Heterotopic pancreas is an aberrant pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomic and vascular continuity with the main pancreas. Although heterotopic pancreas is a relatively rare entity and usually noted as an incidentel findings at autopsy and during surgery for other causes, it is capable of producing symptoms depending on the site and size of lesions as well as various pathological changes occuring in the pancreas itself. We have recently experienced a case of heterotopic pancreas on the mid-body of posterior wall along the lesser curvatrue of stomach in a 30-year-old man, who visited our hospital for the evaluation of postprandial epigastric discomfort and indigestion for two months. Gastrofiberoscopy revealed a 3x4 cm sized submucosal mass, and subtotal gastrectomy gastrojejunostomy was performed and he was discharged without any postoative complication.
Adult
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Autopsy
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Dyspepsia
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Gastrectomy
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Gastric Bypass
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Humans
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Pancreas*
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Stomach
4.Correlation of Lifetime Symptom Dimensions with Cognitive Function and Other Clinical Characteristics in Schizophrenia Patients.
Youngah CHO ; Seunghyong RYU ; Hyeji OH ; Sohee OH ; Taesung PARK ; Se Chang YOON ; Kyung Sue HONG
Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research 2014;17(2):72-79
OBJECTIVES: Considering large diversity of clinical presentation of schizophrenia, it is important to identify valid clinical subtypes or dimensions that might have homogeneous biological underpinning. The current study aimed to explore lifetime symptom-based dimensional phenotypes in patients with chronic schizophrenia, and to investigate their correlation with cognitive functions and other clinical characteristics. METHODS: Lifetime-based symptoms and additional clinical variables were measured using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome in 315 clinically stable patients with chronic schizophrenia. Through principal components factor analysis, eight dimensional phenotypes were obtained. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests were administered for 103 out of 315 patients, and domain scores were calculated for cognitive domains defined in the MATRICS consensus battery. RESULTS: 'Non-paranoid delusion factor' including delusions of grandiose or religious nature, showed significant negative correlation with processing speed, working memory, attention/vigilance, and general cognitive ability, and positive correlation with intra-individual variability. 'Negative symptom factor' showed significant negative correlation only with general cognitive ability. Those two factors were also negatively correlated with function levels measured by Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and associated with poor treatment responses. CONCLUSION: Symptom-based dimensional phenotypes of schizophrenia measured on a lifetime basis showed discriminative correlation with cognitive function domains, global functioning level, and overall treatment responses, indicating their possibility as valid phenotype axes of schizophrenia having homogeneous biologic basis.
Appointments and Schedules
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Cognition
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Consensus
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Delusions
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Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
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Neuropsychological Tests
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Phenotype
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Schizophrenia*
5.Neuroprotective Effect of N-acetylcysteine in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model of Rats.
Seung Hyun PARK ; Chang Rak CHOI ; Dong Rul OH ; Se Min CHOI ; Se Kyung KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2001;12(4):447-456
BACKGROUND: A major pathway leading toward neuronal injury following ischemia-reperfusion of the brain involves elevation of extracellular glutamate and activation of glutamate receptors, with a subsequent increase in intracellular calcium, resulting in a generation of free radicals. Oxygen free radicals cause brain injury following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Oxyradicals produce strand breakage in DNA, which triggers energy-consuming DNA repair mechanisms and activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase(PARS). However, excessive PARS activation leads to energy depletion and exacerbation of neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia. METHODS: We investigated the effect of a potent, free-radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine(NAC), on hippocampal neuronal death in an asphyxial cardiac arrest model of rats. The effect of NAC on hippocampal neuronal death was studied in 32 rats which were subjected to asphyxial cardiac arrest for 7 minutes, followed by resuscitation. The animals were divided into four group(8 rats in each group) as follows: Group I was saline treated for 3 days, Group II was NAC treated for 3 days, Group III was saline treated for 6 days, and Group IV was NAC treated for 6 days. In the NAC-treated groups, NAC(150 mg/kg) was intravenously injected after return of spontaneous circulation. The coronal sections with hippocampus levels were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) and PARS antibodies at 3 and 6 days after survival. In addition, the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined in the brains of each group. RESULTS: The results are as follows: 1. MPO and MDA levels were significantly lower in the NAC-treated groups, II and IV, than in the saline-treated groups, I and III. 2. The histologic damage score(HDS), as determined by H-E staining, was significantly lower in the NAC-treated groups, II and IV, than in the saline-treated groups, I and III. 3. In PARS immunohistochemical staining, the HDS was significantly lower in the NAC-treated groups, II and IV, than in the saline-treated groups, I and III. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a free-radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, may effectively prevent neuronal damages after reperfusion from asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Further studies will be required to examine both the mechanism of the action and the clinical application of NAC in patients with cardiac arrest.
Acetylcysteine*
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Animals
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Antibodies
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Brain
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Brain Injuries
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Brain Ischemia
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Calcium
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DNA
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DNA Repair
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Free Radicals
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Glutamic Acid
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Heart Arrest*
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Hippocampus
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Humans
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Neurons
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Neuroprotective Agents*
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Oxygen
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Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
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Rats*
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Receptors, Glutamate
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Reperfusion
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Reperfusion Injury
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Resuscitation
6.Analysis of the Gene Expression by Laser Capture Microdissection (III): Microarray Analysis of the Gene Expression at the Mouse Uterine Luminal Epithelium of the Implantation Sites during Apposition Period1.
Se Jin YOON ; Eun Hyun JEON ; Chang Eun PARK ; Jung Jae KO ; Dong Hee CHOI ; Kwang Yul CHA ; Se Nyun KIM ; Kyung Ah LEE
Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility 2002;29(4):323-336
No abstract available.
Animals
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Epithelium*
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Gene Expression*
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Laser Capture Microdissection*
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Mice*
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Microarray Analysis*
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Phenobarbital*
7.Characterization of Genes Related to the Cell Size Growth and CCN Family According to the Early Folliculogenesis in the Mouse.
Kyeoung Hwa KIM ; Chang Eun PARK ; Se Jin YOON ; Kyung Ah LEE
Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility 2005;32(3):269-278
OBJECTIVES: Previously, we sought to compile a list of genes expressed during early folliculogenesis by using cDNA microarray to investigate follicular gene expression and changes during primordialprimary follicle transition and development of secondary follicles (Yoon et al., 2005). Among those genes, a group of genes related to the cell size growth was characterized during the ovarian development in the present study. METHODS: We determined ovarian expression pattern of six genes related to the cell size growth (cyr61, emp1, fhl1, socs2, wig1 and wisp1) and extended into CCN family (connective tissue growth factor/cysteine-rich 61/nephroblastoma-overexpressed), ctgf, nov, wisp2, wisp3, including cyr61 and wisp1 genes. Expression of mRNA and protein according to the ovarian developmental stage was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and/or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Among 6 genes related to the cell size growth, cyr61 and wisp1 mRNA was detected only in oocytes in the postnatal day5 mouse ovaries. cyr61 mRNA expression was limited to the nucleolus of oocytes, while wisp1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of oocytes, except nucleus. cyr61 mRNA expression, however, was found in granulosa cells from secondary follicles. The rest 4 genes in the cell size growth group were detected in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells. Cyr61 and Wisp1 proteins were expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial follicle stage. Especially, Cyr61 protein was detected in pre-granulosa cells, Wisp1 protein was not. By using RT-PCR, we evaluated and decided that Cyr61 protein is produced by their own mRNA in pre-granulosa cells that was not detected by in situ hybridization. cyr61 and wisp1 genes are happen to be the CCN family members. The other members of CCN family were also studied, but their expression was detected in oocytes, granulose and theca cells. CONCLUSIONS: We firstly characterized the ovarian expression of genes related to the cell size growth and CCN family according to the early folliculogenesis. Cyr61 protein expression in the pre-granulosa cells is profound in meaning. Further functional analysis for cyr61 in early folliculogenesis is under investigation.
Animals
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Cell Enlargement*
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Cell Size*
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Cysteine-Rich Protein 61
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Cytoplasm
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Female
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Gene Expression
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Genes, vif
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Granulosa Cells
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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In Situ Hybridization
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Mice*
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Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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Oocytes
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Ovary
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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RNA, Messenger
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Theca Cells
8.A case of uterine arteriovenous malformation.
Jae Ho LE ; Sang Wook YI ; Chul Soo JEON ; Se Yong KIM ; Mi Kyung CHANG ; Eung Whan CHOE
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;43(10):1828-1831
No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Malformations*
9.A long-term follow up study on pulmanary function after lobectomy and pneumonectomy.
Yi Hyeong LEE ; Se Kyu KIM ; Joon CHANG ; Kyung Young CHUNG ; Chul Min AHN ; Sung Kyu KIM ; Won Young LEE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1993;40(6):638-645
No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies*
;
Pneumonectomy*
10.A Case of Left Atrial Myxomoa Presented as Pseudovasculitis.
Ji Eun KIM ; Eun Mi KOH ; Duk Kyung KIM ; Se Ho CHANG ; Pyo Won PARK ; Jung Ho HAN
Korean Journal of Medicine 1997;53(5):709-713
Left atrial myxoma is well-known mimicker of systemic vasculitis. In general, however, these patients showed some symptoms and signs of cardiovascular disease. We experienced a patient with left atrial myxoma who first presented as vasculitis without any symptoms and signs suggesting cardiovascular disorders. A 45 year-old lady showed tender skin nodules, livedo reticuiaris-like skin lesions, severe constitutional symptoms, multiple cerebral infarctions, and elevated ESR and globulin. Skin biopsy findings were thought to be consistent with polyarteritis nodosa. Echocardiography was performed as a routine test for evaluating suspected vasculitis patients and it revealed left atrial myxoma. However, we were not able to detect any auscultation abnormality, even after echocardiography, After echocardiography, we found the tumor emboli in skin biopy specimen with deeper section. This case demonstrated the importance of suspecting the possibility of left atrial myxoma when performing diagnostic work-up for vasculitis.
Auscultation
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Biopsy
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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Cerebral Infarction
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Echocardiography
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Myxoma
;
Polyarteritis Nodosa
;
Skin
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Systemic Vasculitis
;
Vasculitis