Our study surveded 418 obese first grade elementary school children(279 male and 139 female), in seoul, and measured levels of serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride were measured in addition to the measurement of body weight and height. The following results were obtained. 1) Obesity index was catergorized into mild, moderate, and severe, and the percentage of mild was 6.8%, moderate 48%, severe 45.7% respectively in surveyed children. 2) The average level of total cholesterol was 1.66.60 27.63mg/dl, HDL cholesterol 50.22+/-0.68mg/dl, LDL cholesterol 82.23+/-1.26mg/dl. 3) Atherogenic index was calculated, and obtained value was 2.45+/-0.48. It showed higher statstical significance in boys than in girls(p<0.05). 4) There was no significant difference in average level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in accordance of the severity of obesity. 5) Statistical significance was found in different average ievels of HDL cholesterol and atherogenic index according to obesity index (p<0.05). 6) There was a statistical significance in the average values of Kaup index and Rohrer index in accordance with obesity index (p<0.000). 7) There was no correlation between abnormal levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and the severity of obesity. 8) Abnormal levels of triglyceride, atherogenic index, Rohrer index and Kaup index had a statistical significance since their levels. 9) There was a correlation between atherogenic index and body measurement. Total cholesterol level showed correlation with obesity index, and HDL cholesterol with Kaup index and arm circum ference.
Arm ; Body Weight ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Seoul* ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: The retrospective study is undertaken to report clinical results of anterior cervical interbody fusion with an intradiscal cage with an integrated plate (PCB cervical plating system). METHODS: 38 patients underwent anterior cervical interbody fusion with PCB cervical plating system and followed 6~24 months. The authors investigated overall surgical results; clinical outcome, fusion rate, change of interspace height & lordotic angle, and complications. RESULTS: No complication was observed during the operation. Clinical improvement was identified in 34 cases (89.5%). Bone fusion observed in 44 out of 49 sites (90.7%). After operation, the interspace height increased from 5.4+/-1.3 mm to 7.8+/-1.5 mm and maintained 7.4+/-1.1 mm and, interspace angle went up from 4.2+/-0.7 degrees to 4.8+/-1.1 degrees and maintained 4.6+/-0.9 degrees. The loosening of screw was observed in 6 cases, one of which had reoperation because of the expulsion of the device accompanied. CONCLUSION: PCB cervical plating system could restore interbody height and lordosis in anterior cervical interbody fusion. But, if the insertion of the spacer is not precise, the frequencies of hardware failure are relatively high. It is considered necessary for the operator to be careful in the procedure.
Animals ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Enterovirus is a common cause of aseptic meningitis, respiratory disease and nonspecific febrile illness. The conventional methods for laboratory diagnosis of enterovirus infections have been virus culture and serotyping by an immunofluorecent test. We studied a new and more rapid approach for enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by real-time nested PCR. METHODS: This study was performed on 50 CSF specimens from patients suspected of aseptic meningitis. Enterovirus was detected in CSF by PCRs for 3 different targets and real-time nested PCR. Enterovirus culture was also performed in 44 CSF specimens. RESULTS: The positive rate of PCRs for each of the 3 different targets was 26.0%, 40.0%, or 46.0%, and that of real-time nested PCR was 86.0%. Only 6.8% were positive in culture. Thus, the positive rate of real-time nested PCR was much higher than other methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the real-time nested PCR should be useful for diagnosis of enterovirus infections because of a high sensitivity and rapid detection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription* ; Serotyping

Inflammatory (xanthomatous) pseudotumors of the breast are very rare and this case is the first reported case in Korea. A healthy, pregnant 29-year-old woman presented with a right breast mass. Ultrasonography of the breast revealed a 1.8 x 1.9 x 1.1 cm, sized lobulated, partially spiculated mass in the upper and outer quadrant of the breast. Macroscopically, the mass was well circumscribed, bright yellow, and lobulated. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of foamy histiocytes with multifocal neutrophilic infiltration, accompanying chronic inflammatory cellul infiltration, fibrosis and ductal-lobular atrophy.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Breast* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Korea ; Neutrophils ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prehospital emergency care use by 119 rescue services on the outcome of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: All patients who visited 23 hospital emergency departments and who were finally diagnosed with STEMI between January and December 2008 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: use of 119 rescue service or non-use. The propensity score matching method was used considering factors known to be influential for the use of 119 rescue services (age, gender, educational status, chief complaints, cardiogenic shock, respiratory rate, heart rate). Hospital mortality was defined as patient death in the hospital following admission. The comparative odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of mortality between the 119 use and non-use groups were determined. RESULTS: Of the 1,118 STEMI patient, no statistical differences were evident in gender and age. Patients who used the 119 rescue services displayed lower educational status and rare complaint of chest pain is rare (36.6% vs 63.4%). But syncope and cardiac arrest were more frequent in the 119 user group than non-user group (syncope: 84.6% vs 15.4%, respectively; cardiac arrest: 76.0% vs 24.0%, respectively). Propensity score matching system was performed and extracted 390 patients in each group. The extracted patients were not statistically different in demographic findings and influencing factors of 119 service use. Hospital mortality did not differ between the 119 user and non-user groups (OR=1.294, 95% CI:0.612-2.735). Increased hospital mortality of STEMI patients was correlated with increased age (OR=1.036, 95% CI:1.012-1.060), prehospital ECG monitoring (OR=2.601, 95% CI:1.011-6.693), and cardiogenic shock (OR=4.736, 95% CI:2.482-9.037). CONCLUSION: The use of prehospital mobile units did not influence on hospital mortality of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Ambulances ; Chest Pain ; Educational Status ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Odds Ratio ; Propensity Score ; Respiratory Rate ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Syncope

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prehospital emergency care use by 119 rescue services on the outcome of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: All patients who visited 23 hospital emergency departments and who were finally diagnosed with STEMI between January and December 2008 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: use of 119 rescue service or non-use. The propensity score matching method was used considering factors known to be influential for the use of 119 rescue services (age, gender, educational status, chief complaints, cardiogenic shock, respiratory rate, heart rate). Hospital mortality was defined as patient death in the hospital following admission. The comparative odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of mortality between the 119 use and non-use groups were determined. RESULTS: Of the 1,118 STEMI patient, no statistical differences were evident in gender and age. Patients who used the 119 rescue services displayed lower educational status and rare complaint of chest pain is rare (36.6% vs 63.4%). But syncope and cardiac arrest were more frequent in the 119 user group than non-user group (syncope: 84.6% vs 15.4%, respectively; cardiac arrest: 76.0% vs 24.0%, respectively). Propensity score matching system was performed and extracted 390 patients in each group. The extracted patients were not statistically different in demographic findings and influencing factors of 119 service use. Hospital mortality did not differ between the 119 user and non-user groups (OR=1.294, 95% CI:0.612-2.735). Increased hospital mortality of STEMI patients was correlated with increased age (OR=1.036, 95% CI:1.012-1.060), prehospital ECG monitoring (OR=2.601, 95% CI:1.011-6.693), and cardiogenic shock (OR=4.736, 95% CI:2.482-9.037). CONCLUSION: The use of prehospital mobile units did not influence on hospital mortality of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Ambulances ; Chest Pain ; Educational Status ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Odds Ratio ; Propensity Score ; Respiratory Rate ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Syncope

OBJECTIVE: Helicopter ambulance transport (HAT) is a highly resource-intensive facility that is a well-established part of the trauma transport system in many developed countries. Here, we review the benefit of HAT for neurosurgical patients in Korea. METHODS: This retrospective study followed neurotrauma patients who were transferred by HAT to a single emergency trauma center over a period of 2 years. The clinical benefits of HAT were measured according to the necessity of emergency surgical intervention and the differences in the time taken to transport patients by ground ambulance transport (GAT) and HAT. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were transferred to a single university hospital using HAT, of whom 32 were taken to the neurosurgery department. Of these 32 patients, 10 (31.3%) needed neurosurgical intervention, 14 (43.8%) needed non-neurosurgical intervention, 3 (9.4%) required both, and 11 (34.4%) did not require any intervention. The transfer time was faster using HAT than the estimated time needed for GAT, although for a relatively close distance (<50 km) without ground obstacles (mountain or sea) HAT did not improve transfer time. The cost comparison showed that HAT was more expensive than GAT (3,292,000 vs. 84,000 KRW, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this Korean-based study, we found that HAT has a clinical benefit for neurotrauma cases involving a transfer from a distant site or an isolated area. A more precise triage for using HAT should be considered to prevent overuse of this expensive transport method.
Air Ambulances* ; Ambulances ; Developed Countries ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Trauma Centers ; Triage

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of domestically synthesized contrast materials (Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 and Iversion(R) 320) used for IVU, CT, and abdominal angiography in normal rabbits with that of previously used products (Ultravist(R) 300 and Optiray(R) 320). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 rabbits were divided into six groups of ten. In the first group, IVU was performed using Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 and Ultravist(R) 300, while in the second, abdominal angiography involved the use of Iversion(R) 320 and Optiray(R) 320. For three-phase spiral CT, Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 was used for group 3, Ultravist(R) 300 for group 4, Iversion(R) 320 for group 5, and Optiray(R) 320 for group 6. The degree of contrast enhancement seen on aortography and IVU was evaluated subjectively by two radiologists who reached a consensus while unaware of the names of the contrast materials. On CT, attenuation expressed in Hounsfield Units(HU) was measured using the regions of interest (ROIs) facility in each anatomic region during the early and delayed phases. Adverse events including death occurred during the investigation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the degree of contrast enhancement between Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 and Ultravist(R) 300, as used for IVU, and between Iversion(R) 320 and Optiray(R) 320, as used for angiography. With two exceptions, abdominal CT revealed no significant differences in the degree of contrast enhancement of most anatomic structure. The exceptions were greater enhancement of the portal vein with Ultravist(R) 300 than with Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 during the delayed phase, and greater enhancement of the aorta with Optiray(R) 320 than with Iversion(R) 320 during the delayed phase. In no rabbit was adverse reaction observed. CONCLUSION: For IVU, angiography and abdominal CT in normal rabbits, Reyon Iopamidol(R) 300 and Iversion(R) 320 provide contrast enhancement comparable to that provided by Ultravist(R) 300 and Optiray(R) 320. In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these new agents in diseased tissue and in human subjects, further studies are needed.
Angiography ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aortography ; Consensus ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. Various categories of therapeutic medications are used for treating AD. Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that binds to IgE molecules at the high-affinity receptor (FcepsilonRI) binding site. Therefore, omalizumab can be used as a potential new systemic treatment agent for recalcitrant AD patients with elevated IgE levels. A 34-year-old man had been treated for AD with several topical and oral agents. However, he was refractory to these therapies and his serum IgE levels were very high. We treated him with omalizumab. After 8 months of the treatment, his symptoms were notably improved and the SCORAD index was decreased. Thus, we report on the first case of recalcitrant AD that was successfully treated with omalizumab in Korea.
Adult ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Binding Sites ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Korea ; Omalizumab

Hepatitis A is usually a mild, non-fulminant, self-limiting disease of the liver. Acute renal failure, in associated with non-fulminant hepatitis A, is extremely rare and is rarely documented by kidney biopsy. Here we report the case of a 28-year old male with acute non-fulminant hepatitis A who developed acute renal failure early in the course of the disease and recovered without dialysis. In this report, renal biopsy was done. The renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis and IgA nephropathy. We discuss the mechanism responsible for renal failure in acute hepatitis A virus infection on the basis of presumed pathogenesis and renal biopsy.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Dialysis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Necrosis ; Renal Insufficiency