No abstract available.
Chlamydia* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pneumonia*

Ureteral duplication is the most common developmental abnormality of the upper urinary tract. The upper pole ureter is often associated with a ureterocele and the lower pole ureter, the V-U reflux. A case of bilateral double collecting system associated with bilateral ureteroceles in a 6-month old Korean male is presented with review of literature.
Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Ureter ; Ureterocele* ; Urinary Tract

Human monoclonal antibodies have considerable potential in the prophylaxis and treatment of viral disease. By cloning human Ig gene segments from the B cells of volunteer into pComb3 phagemid vector, antibody library was created of filamentous phage particles displaying Fab fragments on their surface after being rescued with M13KO7 helper phages. The size of library was 7x10' pfu. Phage antibodies (phabs) were panned against biotinylated preS1 using streptavidine coated Dynabead. The soluble Fab antibodies were prepared from phagemid colonies and assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 3DW and SGW specific to preS1 which have both heavy and light chain to form Fab fragment, were selected. The soluble Fab antibody from 3DW was expressed highly at the concentration of 0.1 - 1.0 mM of IPTG, and 5 hours postinduction. The soluble antibodies from 3DW and SGW showed their relative affinities of 2x10' M ', and Sx10 M ', respectively, and the specificities to preS1 on ELISA. Our results suggest that antibody phage display library is very useful method to generate the human monoclonal antibody and that the human Fab monoclonal antibodies specific to preS1 selected in this study open the way to treat hepatitis B as a component of passive irnmunotherapeutics.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Streptavidin ; Virus Diseases ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe nurses' experience of incivility in hospitals and to consider nurses' work environment. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi' phenomenological analysis methodology. Participants were seven experienced clinical nurses working on a general ward (2 nurses), or in an intensive care unit (2 nurses), emergency room (2 nurses), or operating room (1 nurse). RESULTS: The incivility that nurses experienced was categorized as follows: 'being afflicted as a weak person', 'being treated as less than a professional', 'being overwhelmed by shock and anger', 'experiencing an untenable situation', 'struggling to survive', and 'pursuing professional growth'. CONCLUSION: Behavior guidelines should be developed to reduce incivility, and incivility cases should be continuously monitored by the nursing department. Also, to handle incivility problems in clinical nursing areas, a reporting and counseling system and education programs are needed.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Adult ; Anger ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Interprofessional Relations ; Interviews as Topic ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Workplace

In this study, we are to produce the single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against surface protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using antibody phage display technique. Balb/c mice were immunized with preS1 and cDNAs of heavy and light chains of splenic B cells from immunized mice were prepared using RT-PCR. Two cDNAs were linked with (64S) linker DNA under recombination PCR to produce single chain Fv DNA. After digestion of scFv DNA with Sp 1 and Not 1, the digested DNA was ligated into pCANTAB 5E and electroporated into E. coli XL1-Blue to prepare scFv-library. The size of library was 1 * 10' pfu/ml. Phage antibodies (phabs) against preS1 were rescued with M13K07 helper phages, and preS1-binders were selected through 3 times of panning using 96 well microtitre plates. Phage antibody clones were assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 7 phage antibody clones had high ELISA signals against preS1. Phabs from preS1-specific pMsc-17 had the strongest ELISA signal to preS1. Phabs from pMsc-17 were used for Western blot to preS1 and the results revealed that it was specific to preS1. To prepare the soluble scFv antibody, phabs from pMsc-17 were transfected into non-suppressor E. coli HB2151, and grown under 1 mM IPTG. Soluble scFv antibody was mainly accumulated in the periplasmic space, but small amount of antibody was secreted into culture media.
Animals ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Surface Display Techniques ; Clone Cells ; Culture Media ; Digestion ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Mice* ; Periplasm ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic ; Single-Chain Antibodies*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' experience of workplace incivility from coworkers, supervisors, patients or patients' families, and doctors. The researcher identified the relationships among empowerment, burnout, and organizational commitment of hospital nurses. METHODS: The sample included 415 hospital nurses. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: The average incivility score was 2.94 from doctors and 2.89 from patients or patients' families, higher than from supervisors (1.90) and coworkers (1.87). The variables affecting burnout included direct effect of empowerment (beta=-.46, p<.001), direct effect of patients or patients' family incivility (beta=.14, p<.001), direct effect of supervisor incivility (beta=.12, p<.001), and direct effect of doctor incivility (beta=.09, p<.001). The variables affecting organizational commitment were direct effect of burnout (beta=-.58, p<.001), indirect effect of empowerment (beta=-.23, p<.001), indirect effect of patients or patients' family incivility (beta=-.12, p<.001), indirect effect of supervisor incivility (beta=-.10, p<.001), and indirect effect of doctor incivility (beta=-.09, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that incivility affecting nurses results in a high degree of burnout and a low degree of organizational commitment. Therefore, it is necessary to assess incivility cases and to hold workshops designed to curb incivility and establish healthy workplaces.
Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Personnel Turnover ; Power (Psychology)* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence

The use of artificial skins for full thickness wounds is an accepted technique, but unfortunately the take rate is low and the aesthetical result is not acceptable. The freeze-drying treatment of allogenic tissues can destroy cells with preserving the structural organization of extracellular matrices, permitting allogenic transplantation. In this study we investigated a new method to process the allogenic skin for transplantable allogenic dermis and this dermis was evaluated in a full thickness wound model. The results are as followings; 1. After treatment with NaCl and SDS solution and then with freeze-drying method, the allogenic dermis shows acellular dermal matrix with preserved normal extracellular matrix. 2. This allogenic dermis became completely incorporated into the wound without evidence of rejection or replacement by scar tissue. 3. The take rate of thin autografts overlying the allogenic dermis that were applied simultaneously was comparable to take rate of autograft alone. 4. The reduction in secondary contraction by allogenic dermis treated wounds was significant. 5. After grafting with cultured keratinocytes, the degree of epithelial coverage was 70% at 2 weeks. In conclusion, the allogenic dermis processed with our method displayed lack of antigenicity, and rapid revascularization. This allogenic dermis can permit simultaneous engraftment of an overlying STSG or cultured kerationocytes, reduce secondary contraction and improve cosmesis of full thickness wounds.
Acellular Dermis ; Autografts ; Cicatrix ; Dermis* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Keratinocytes ; Skin ; Skin, Artificial ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the role experience of preceptor nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: Data were collected from 10 experienced preceptor nurses through in-depth interviews about their experiences. The main question was "How do you describe your experience as a preceptor in the process of role adaptation?" Qualitative data from field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: The core category of experience in the process of role adaptation as a preceptor nurse was identified as 'being responsible to teach from beginning to end'. The participants identified five interactional strategies; 'abruptly having to take the role as a preceptor unwilling', 'difficulties in field training with variable situations', 'preceptor and new nurse with love and hate relationships', 'bring up preceptee as a child', 'redefining the concept of preceptor'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide useful information for understanding the role of preceptor nurses in general hospital who have to teach new nurses with patience and responsibility. It will be needed to establishment of preceptor's role and educational standards, and policy for their rewards by nurse manager. Additionally, making cooperative educational climate in nursing ward is important for teaching new nurse.
Climate ; Hate ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Love ; Nurse Administrators ; Preceptorship ; Reward